Alkalihalobacillus clausii: Difference between revisions
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'''''Alkalihalobacillus clausii''''' or its old scientific name '''''Bacillus clausii''''' is a rod-shaped, motile, and [[spore]]-forming [[bacterium]] that lives in the soil but is also a natural |
'''''Alkalihalobacillus clausii''''' or its old scientific name '''''Bacillus clausii''''' is a rod-shaped, motile, and [[spore]]-forming [[bacterium]] that lives in the soil but is also a natural microbiota of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. It is classified as [[probiotic]] microorganism that maintains a [[symbiosis|symbiotic relationship]] with the host organism.<ref name="pmid15220667"/> It is currently being studied in relation to respiratory infections<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Marseglia GL, Tosca M, Cirillo I |title=Efficacy of ''Bacillus clausii'' spores in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children: a pilot study|journal= Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management|volume=3|issue=1|pages=13–7|date=March 2007|pmid=18360611|pmc=1936284|doi=10.2147/tcrm.2007.3.1.13|display-authors=etal |doi-access=free }}</ref> and some gastrointestinal disorders.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gabrielli M, Lauritano EC, Scarpellini E |title=''Bacillus clausii'' as a treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology |volume=104|issue=5|pages=1327–8|date=May 2009|pmid=19352343|doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.91|s2cid=7920293|display-authors=etal}}</ref> ''Bacillus clausii'' has been found to produce antimicrobial substances that are active against [[gram-positive bacteria]] including ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Enterococcus faecium]]'' and ''[[Clostridium difficile (bacteria)|Clostridium difficile]]''.<ref name="pmid15220667">{{Cite journal | last1 = Urdaci | first1 = MC | last2 = Bressollier | first2 = P | last3 = Pinchuk | first3 = I | title = ''Bacillus clausii'' probiotic strains: antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities | journal = Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology | volume = 38 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = S86–90 |date=Jul 2004 | doi = 10.1097/01.mcg.0000128925.06662.69| pmid = 15220667 | s2cid = 8725033 }}</ref> It is sold as an anti-diarrhoea and under the brand name Erceflora by [[Sanofi]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Bacillus clausii|url=https://www.mims.com/philippines/drug/info/bacillus%20clausii?mtype=generic |work= [[Monthly Index of Medical Specialities]] |access-date= 8 April 2022 }}</ref> |
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This species has been recently transferred into the genus ''[[Alkalihalobacillus]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Sudip|last2=Gupta|first2=Radhey S.|date=2020-01-01|title=A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=70|issue=1|pages=406–438|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.003775|pmid=31617837|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}</ref> The correct nomenclature is thus ''Alkalihalobacillus clausii.'' |
This species has been recently transferred into the genus ''[[Alkalihalobacillus]].''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Sudip|last2=Gupta|first2=Radhey S.|date=2020-01-01|title=A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov.|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=70|issue=1|pages=406–438|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.003775|pmid=31617837|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}</ref> The correct nomenclature is thus ''Alkalihalobacillus clausii.'' |
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Latest revision as of 15:06, 16 May 2024
| Alkalihalobacillus clausii | |
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| A. clausii from Enterogermina on a glass slide | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Bacillales |
| Family: | Bacillaceae |
| Genus: | Alkalihalobacillus |
| Species: | A. clausii
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| Binomial name | |
| Alkalihalobacillus clausii Nielsen et al. 1995
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Alkalihalobacillus clausii or its old scientific name Bacillus clausii is a rod-shaped, motile, and spore-forming bacterium that lives in the soil but is also a natural microbiota of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. It is classified as probiotic microorganism that maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host organism.[1] It is currently being studied in relation to respiratory infections[2] and some gastrointestinal disorders.[3] Bacillus clausii has been found to produce antimicrobial substances that are active against gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium difficile.[1] It is sold as an anti-diarrhoea and under the brand name Erceflora by Sanofi. [4]
This species has been recently transferred into the genus Alkalihalobacillus.[5] The correct nomenclature is thus Alkalihalobacillus clausii.
The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) warns about serious risks for bacteraemia and sepsis due to previous publications. PRAC stipulates marketing conditions for Bacillus clausii. Amendments to be included in the relevant sections of the Product Information (new text underlined and in bold) including
1 Bacteraemia (in immunocompromised patients)
2 In case of reduced body’s defence mechanisms and you are taking (product name) Bacillus clausii may be found in your blood. [6]
Genome structure
[edit]Alkalihalobacillus clausii has a relatively small genome that contains 4.30 Mbp with 4,108 protein coding genes.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Urdaci, MC; Bressollier, P; Pinchuk, I (Jul 2004). "Bacillus clausii probiotic strains: antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 38 (6 Suppl): S86–90. doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000128925.06662.69. PMID 15220667. S2CID 8725033.
- ^ Marseglia GL, Tosca M, Cirillo I, et al. (March 2007). "Efficacy of Bacillus clausii spores in the prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children: a pilot study". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 3 (1): 13–7. doi:10.2147/tcrm.2007.3.1.13. PMC 1936284. PMID 18360611.
- ^ Gabrielli M, Lauritano EC, Scarpellini E, et al. (May 2009). "Bacillus clausii as a treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 104 (5): 1327–8. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.91. PMID 19352343. S2CID 7920293.
- ^ "Bacillus clausii". Monthly Index of Medical Specialities. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ Patel, Sudip; Gupta, Radhey S. (2020-01-01). "A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (1): 406–438. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003775. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 31617837.
- ^ PRAC Bacillus Clausii multi antibiotic resistant spores. 2017. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/bacillus-clausii-multi-antibioresistant-spores-cmdh-scientific-conclusions-grounds-variation/00000284/201611_en.pdf