Military art: Difference between revisions
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: ''"Military art" can mean the study of combat in a professional sense; see [[military science]] for that connotation''. |
: ''"Military art" can mean the study of combat in a professional sense; see [[military science]] for that connotation''. |
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[[Image:Meissonier - Relief After the Battle.jpg|right|thumb|400px|[[Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier]] - ''Relief after the battle'']] |
[[Image:Meissonier - Relief After the Battle.jpg|right|thumb|400px|[[Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier]] - ''Relief after the battle'']] |
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'''Military art''' is a sub [[genre]] of [[art]] that depicts (usually [[Realism (arts)|realistic]]) [[war]] and [[military]] subjects. The works cover a broad range of subject matter and styles and include [[painting]] (as a sub-type of [[history painting]]), |
'''Military art''' is a [[neologism]] used in relationship to a sub [[genre]] of [[art]] that depicts (usually [[Realism (arts)|realistic]]) [[war]] and [[military]] subjects. The works described as "Military art" cover a broad range of subject matter and styles and include [[painting]] (as a sub-type of [[history painting]]), sculpture, and other artistic media and is usually associated with modern collectable [[Militaria]].<ref>{{dmoz|Arts/Visual_Arts/Thematic/Aviation_and_Military/|Aviation and Military art}}</ref> Military art as an [[art history|art historical]] [[genre]] is defined by subject matter it depicts rather any specific style or material used. |
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==Early Representations== |
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The subject of military art can be traced back to classical times and beyond. Carved reliefs on monuments in [[Ancient Egypt]] and [[Mesopotamia]] depict scenes of battle. In the same way [[Roman]] monumental art such as [[Trajan's Column]] in [[Rome]], contain images of battle, prisoners, and military scenes. The [[Bayeux Tapestry]] is a linear panoramic narrative of the events surrounding the [[Norman Conquest]] and the [[Battle of Hastings]] in 1066. Numerous medieval manuscripts include paintings of battles and sieges. From the later middle ages comes Uccello's triptych of [[The Battle of San Romano]]. In the mid-to-late 16th century, the [[French Wars of Religion]] were recorded in numerous wood-engraved prints, especially in the series published by Tortorel and Perrissin. The succeeding century witnessed numerous conflicts, not least of which was the [[Thirty Years' War]], and many artists recorded the battles and sieges including [[Jacques Callot]], [[Stefano della Bella]], [[Pieter Snayers]], [[Philip Wouvermans]], and [[Jacques Courtois]]. One event from this conflict, [[The Surrender of Breda|the surrender of Breda]] in 1625 was the subject of paintings by [[Jusepe Leonardo]], and the celebrated canvas by [[Velázquez]]. |
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==Formal Military Art== |
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With the formalization of armies under monarchs such as [[Louis XIV]], artists were commissioned to paint scenes of battle. [[Charles Lebrun]] and [[Adam Frans van der Meulen]] were two notable painters of this period who produced paintings for the king, as did [[John Wootton]] in Britain. The wars of the period formed suitable subjects for [[tapestries]] such as the series produced for the [[Duke of Marlborough]] and his generals. The 18th century saw history painting rise to prominance in Europe, and artists such as [[Benjamin West]] and his American counterparts, [[John Singleton Copley]] and [[John Trumbull]] among others, produced epic canvases recording contemporary battles and sieges. [[Napoleon]] encouraged artists to record his victories, and competitions were held for the best paintings of certain battles such as [[Battle of Eylau|Eylau]], which resulted in the great painting by [[Antoine-Jean Gros]]. In contrast to such grand paintings were [[Goya]]'s sobering scenes of the French in Madrid in May, 1808, and the ensuing brutality of war. |
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==19th Century== |
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The wars of the 19th century resulted in numerous paintings and prints, in particular from mid-century onwards. [[Elizabeth Thompson]] set the tone with her trilogy of paintings depicting [[Crimean War]], whilst in France, artists such as [[Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier|Ernest Meissonier]], [[Edouard Detaille]], and [[Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville|Alphonse de Neuville]] established military art as a reputable genre at the [[Paris Salon]]. The wars of German Unification (1864-1871) furnished many German painters with suitable subjects, while the [[Franco-Prussian War]] saw an outpouring of paintings by French artists. Interest in [[military uniforms]] also manifested itself during the century, and many prints and portfolios were published. |
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==20th Century and beyond== |
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While many depictions of battle were somewhat heroic despite efforts by artists such as [[Elizabeth Thompson]] and [[Vasily Vereshchagin]] to portray the horrors of combat, it took the [[First World War]] to really bring out the truth of modern war, as revealed in the paintings produced by the official [[war artists]] of all the belligerent nations. The horror of the Western Front was captured by many artists including [[Christopher Nevinson]] and [[Otto Dix]]. With the peace came the need to memorialise and the result were countless [[war memorials]]. The theme of the brutality of war, and its impact on civilian populations was revealed in [[Picasso]]'s masterpiece of the [[Spanish Civil War]], [[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]. Within two years of its appearance, the world was at war, and artists accompanied the armies along with photographers and film crews. War [[posters]] were a common weapon of propaganda in both world wars and beyond. In the post-1945 era, artists have continued to produce military art either commorating earlier battles, or recording current conflicts, but the general trend is to condemn war through art, and highlight the suffering rather than the heroics. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[:Category:War artists|Category: War artists]] |
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* [[Heraldry]] |
* [[Heraldry]] |
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* [[Horses_in_art#Military_and_War|The Horse in Art]] |
* [[Horses_in_art#Military_and_War|The Horse in Art]] |
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* [[War photography]] |
* [[War photography]] |
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* [[War artists]] |
* [[War artists]] |
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== Further Reading == |
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* Brandon, Laura (2008). ''Art and War''. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1845112369 |
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* Carman, W. Y. (2003). ''The Ackermann military prints: uniforms of the British and Indian armies, 1840-1855''. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. ISBN 0764316710 |
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* Foot, M. R. D. (Michael Richard Daniel) (1990). ''Art and war: twentieth century warfare as depicted by war artists''. London: Headline. ISBN 0747202869 |
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* Hale, John (1990). ''Artists and Warfare in the Renaissance''. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300048408. |
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* Harrington, Peter (1993). ''British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700-1914.'' London: Greenhill. ISBN 1853671576 |
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* Hichberger, J.W.M. (1988). ''Images of the Army: The Military in British Art 1815-1914''. Manchester: University Press. |
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* Hodgson, Pat (1977). ''The War Illustrators''. London: Osprey. |
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* Johnson, Peter (1978). ''Front-Line Artists.'' London: Cassell. |
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* Nevill, Ralph (1909). ''British military prints''. London: The Connoisseur publishing company. |
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* Paret, Peter (1997). ''Imagined Battles. Reflections of War in European Art''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. ISBN 0-8078-2356-2 |
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* Prendergast, Christopher (1997). ''Napoleon and history painting: Antoine-Jean Gros's La Bataille d'Eylau''. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198174020 |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commonscat|Military in art}} |
{{Commonscat|Military in art}} |
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*{{dmoz|Arts/Visual_Arts/Thematic/Aviation_and_Military/|Aviation and Military art}} |
*{{dmoz|Arts/Visual_Arts/Thematic/Aviation_and_Military/|Aviation and Military art}} |
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*{{cite book|title=Army art of World War I|publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History : Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History|year=1993}}[http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications_detail.aspx?p=28 Prints available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection] |
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*[http://dl.lib.brown.edu/libweb/collections/askb/ Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library] |
*[http://dl.lib.brown.edu/libweb/collections/askb/ Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library] |
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* [http://warart.archives.govt.nz/ ''War Art'', 1500 New Zealand art works online] |
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* [http://www.museumofmilitaryart.org/ Museum of Military Art] |
* [http://www.museumofmilitaryart.org/ Museum of Military Art] |
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[[Category:Military art| ]] |
[[Category:Military art| ]] |
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Revision as of 15:16, 28 January 2010
- "Military art" can mean the study of combat in a professional sense; see military science for that connotation.
Military art is a neologism used in relationship to a sub genre of art that depicts (usually realistic) war and military subjects. The works described as "Military art" cover a broad range of subject matter and styles and include painting (as a sub-type of history painting), sculpture, and other artistic media and is usually associated with modern collectable Militaria.[1] Military art as an art historical genre is defined by subject matter it depicts rather any specific style or material used.
References
See also
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military in art.