Sheriffdom: Difference between revisions
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A '''sheriffdom''' is a judicial district in [[Scotland]]. |
A '''sheriffdom''' is a judicial district in [[Scotland]]. |
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Since 1 January 1975 there have been six sheriffdoms. |
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==History== |
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===Before 1975=== |
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{{main|Historical development of Scottish sheriffdoms}} |
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Sheriffdoms were originally identical to the shires [[counties of Scotland]], originating in the [[twelfth century]]. Until the [[eighteenth century]] the office of sheriff was often hereditary, but this was ended following the unsuccessful [[Jacobite Rising of 1745]].Tthe [[Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1747]] revested the government of the shires in the Crown, compensating those office holders who were displaced. The [[Sheriffs (Scotland) Act 1747]] reduced the office of sheriff principal to a largely ceremonial one, with a sheriff depute or sheriff substitute appointed to each "county, shire or stewartry".<ref name=whetstone>{{cite journal |last1=Whetstone |first1=Ann E. |last2= |first2= |year= |title=The Reform of the Scottish Sheriffdoms in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries |journal=Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies |publisher=The North American Conference on British Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=61–71 |doi= |jstor=4048219}}</ref> The sheriff deputes, who were paid a salary by the Crown, were qualified [[Faculty of Advocates|advocates]] and took charge of sheriff courts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Sheriff Court Records|url=http://www.nas.gov.uk/guides/sheriffCourt.asp|publisher=[[National Archives of Scotland]]|accessdate=14 September 2012}}</ref> By the [[nineteenth century]] the office of sheriff principal was an additional title held by the [[lord-lieutenant|lord lieutenant of the county]] and the Circuit Courts (Scotland) Act 1828 redesignated sheriff deputes as simply "sheriffs".<ref>9 Geo.4 c.29 s,22 "Sheriff-Deputes may be addressed by the title of Sheriff without the term Depute being added."</ref> |
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The Sheriffs Act of 1747 also began the grouping of two or more counties under as a single sheriffdom. This process continued so that by 1975 there were 12 sheriffdoms with only the county of [[Lanarkshire]] not combined. |
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===Since 1975=== |
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The sheriffdoms were redefined again with effect from 1 April 1996, when new [[Subdivisions of Scotland|local government areas]] were created.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1006 The Sheriffdoms (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996 S. I. 1996/1006 (S.109)]</ref> The boundaries of four sheriffdoms were unchanged. The boundaries of the other two were altered, so as to transfer an area around [[Chryston]] from the sheriffdom of Glasgow and Strathkelvin to the sheriffdom of South Strathclyde, Dumfries and Galloway. Elsewhere boundaries were simply redefined by reference to new local authority areas and electoral wards.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1006 Explanatory note, The Sheriffdoms (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996]</ref> |
The sheriffdoms were redefined again with effect from 1 April 1996, when new [[Subdivisions of Scotland|local government areas]] were created.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1006 The Sheriffdoms (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996 S. I. 1996/1006 (S.109)]</ref> The boundaries of four sheriffdoms were unchanged. The boundaries of the other two were altered, so as to transfer an area around [[Chryston]] from the sheriffdom of Glasgow and Strathkelvin to the sheriffdom of South Strathclyde, Dumfries and Galloway. Elsewhere boundaries were simply redefined by reference to new local authority areas and electoral wards.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1006 Explanatory note, The Sheriffdoms (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996]</ref> |
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Each sheriffdom has a full-time [[Sheriff Principal]]. Sheriffdoms are divided into [[Sheriff_Court#Organisation|Sheriff Court District]]s, each with one or more [[sheriff]]. |
Each sheriffdom has a full-time [[Sheriff Principal]]. Sheriffdoms are divided into [[Sheriff_Court#Organisation|Sheriff Court District]]s, each with one or more [[sheriff]]. |
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Sheriffdoms were the origin of the [[counties of Scotland]]. |
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In the 19th century, the sheriffdoms were grouped, and the [[11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]] reports that there were only 15 sheriffs of Scotland. [http://6.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SC/SCOTLAND.htm] |
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== Notes and references == |
== Notes and references == |
Revision as of 20:01, 5 October 2012
A sheriffdom is a judicial district in Scotland.
Since 1 January 1975 there have been six sheriffdoms.
History
Before 1975
Sheriffdoms were originally identical to the shires counties of Scotland, originating in the twelfth century. Until the eighteenth century the office of sheriff was often hereditary, but this was ended following the unsuccessful Jacobite Rising of 1745.Tthe Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1747 revested the government of the shires in the Crown, compensating those office holders who were displaced. The Sheriffs (Scotland) Act 1747 reduced the office of sheriff principal to a largely ceremonial one, with a sheriff depute or sheriff substitute appointed to each "county, shire or stewartry".[1] The sheriff deputes, who were paid a salary by the Crown, were qualified advocates and took charge of sheriff courts.[2] By the nineteenth century the office of sheriff principal was an additional title held by the lord lieutenant of the county and the Circuit Courts (Scotland) Act 1828 redesignated sheriff deputes as simply "sheriffs".[3]
The Sheriffs Act of 1747 also began the grouping of two or more counties under as a single sheriffdom. This process continued so that by 1975 there were 12 sheriffdoms with only the county of Lanarkshire not combined.
Since 1975
New boundaries defined sheriffdoms in reference to regions, districts and islands areas which were then to be created on 16 May 1975.[4]
The sheriffdoms were redefined again with effect from 1 April 1996, when new local government areas were created.[5] The boundaries of four sheriffdoms were unchanged. The boundaries of the other two were altered, so as to transfer an area around Chryston from the sheriffdom of Glasgow and Strathkelvin to the sheriffdom of South Strathclyde, Dumfries and Galloway. Elsewhere boundaries were simply redefined by reference to new local authority areas and electoral wards.[6]
Each sheriffdom has a full-time Sheriff Principal. Sheriffdoms are divided into Sheriff Court Districts, each with one or more sheriff.
Notes and references
- ^ Whetstone, Ann E. "The Reform of the Scottish Sheriffdoms in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries". Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies. 9 (1). The North American Conference on British Studies: 61–71. JSTOR 4048219.
- ^ "Guide to Sheriff Court Records". National Archives of Scotland. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ 9 Geo.4 c.29 s,22 "Sheriff-Deputes may be addressed by the title of Sheriff without the term Depute being added."
- ^ The Sheriffdoms Reorganisation Order 1974 S. I. 1974/2087 (S.191)
- ^ The Sheriffdoms (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996 S. I. 1996/1006 (S.109)
- ^ Explanatory note, The Sheriffdoms (Alteration of Boundaries) Order 1996