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Coordinates: 9°38′N 124°02′E / 9.633°N 124.033°E / 9.633; 124.033
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== Bibliography==
== Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal|last1=Javellana|first1=Rene|title=Angels and Gargoyles of Loboc Church|journal=Philippine Studies|date=1988|volume=36|issue=1|pages=88–97 |ref=harv}}
|last1=Javellana SJ
|first1=Rene
|title=Angels and Gargoyles of Loboc Church
|journal=Philippine Studies
|publisher = Ateneo de Manila University
|year =1988
|volume=Vol 36
|issue=issue 1
|url = http://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/download/1017/1003
|format = pdf
|pages=88–97
|ref=harv}}

*{{Cite book|title = Visita Iglesia Bohol (A Guide to Historic Churches)|last = Jose|first = Regalado Trota|publisher = National Commission for Culture and the Arts|year = 2001 |isbn = 9718140166 |location = Manila |url = http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=3YTYAAAAMAAJ |pages =68–75 |ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title = Visita Iglesia Bohol (A Guide to Historic Churches)|last = Jose|first = Regalado Trota|publisher = National Commission for Culture and the Arts|year = 2001 |isbn = 9718140166 |location = Manila |url = http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=3YTYAAAAMAAJ |pages =68–75 |ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title = The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773, Volume 1|last = O'Malley|first = John|publisher = University of Toronto Press|year = 1999|isbn = 9780802042873|location = |pages = 429 |ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title = The Jesuits: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540-1773, Volume 1|last = O'Malley|first = John|publisher = University of Toronto Press|year = 1999|isbn = 9780802042873|location = |pages = 429 |ref=harv}}

Revision as of 15:17, 17 October 2014

Loboc Church
San Pedro Apostol parish church
Façade of Loboc church
Loboc Church is located in Philippines
Loboc Church
Loboc Church
Republic of the Philippines
9°38′N 124°02′E / 9.633°N 124.033°E / 9.633; 124.033
StandortBrgy. Poblacion Ondol, Loboc, Bohol
LandPhilippinen
DenominationRoman Catholic
WebsiteDiocese of Tagbilaran
History
StatusParish church
Gegründet1596
1602 (as parish)
Founder(s)Fr. Juan de Torres SJ
DedicationSt Peter the Apostle
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Heritage designationNational Cultural Treasure
Architectural typeChurch building
StyleBaroque
Groundbreaking1670
Completed1734
Specifications
MaterialsCoral stones
Administration
ProvinceCebu
ArchdioceseCebu
DioceseTagbilaran
Clergy
ArchbishopJose S. Palma
Bishop(s)Leonardo Y. Medroso
Priest(s)Alger L. Angcla
Assistant priest(s)Alvin C. Pusta

San Pedro Apostol (also Saint Peter the Apostle) parish church, commonly known as Loboc church, is a Roman Catholic church in the municipality of Loboc within the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagbilaran. After the Jesuits established the Christian community in Baclayon, they moved to Loboc and became the the second oldest Christian settlement in Bohol. It was established as a parish in 1602 and the present coral stone church was completed in 1734. Because of its strategic location, it became the center of Jesuit mission in Bohol. In 1768, upon the expulsion of the Jesuits, the town was transferred to the Augustinian Recollects.

The church was declared a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines and a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines. It is also considered for the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List of the Philippines under two collective groups, the Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) and the Jesuit churches of the Philippines.

It was severely damaged when a 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck Bohol and other parts of Central Visayas on October 15, 2013.

Church history

After the establishment of the Jesuit missions in Bohol, Father Juan de Torres, SJ moved to the community along Loboc river in the late 1596 to establish their second mission station.[1] The first church made of wood was built by the people under the patronage of Saint Michael the Archangel in a site called Calvario, Sawang near the location of the present-day church.[1] Loboc became a parish in 1602.[1] Because of pirate attacks in Baclayon, the Jesuits chose Loboc's strategic position to become the center of their missions.[1] The Jesuit superior for Bohol reside in Loboc.[2] The Seminario de los Indios, a seminario (also seminaria) used as boarding school for boys where they are trained regarding Christian life was established in 1605.[2][3][4]

Fire destroyed the church in 1638. and was later reconstructed by the Jesuit priest Jose Sanchez.[5] A larger church was built in 1670 at the present day convent.[6] The present coral stone church of Loboc was finished in 1734.[5] When the Jesuits were expelled from the country in May 1768, the Augustian Recollects succeeded them in November.[5][7]

Historical and cultural declarations

Loboc church was declared a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Institute, now National Historical Commission of the Philippines in 1998.[8] It was also listed as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines. Under two collective groups, the church complex is being considered for addition to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Philippines. Under the Jesuit churches of the Philippines, it is nominated together with the churches of Maragondon in Cavite and Guiuan, Eastern Samar.[9] With the churches of Patrocinio de Maria in Boljoon, Cebu; La Inmaculada Concepcion in Guiuan, Samar; San Matias in Tumauini, Isabela and San Isidro Labrador in Lazi, Siquijor it is nominated under the Baroque churches of the Philippines (Extension).[10]

Eigenschaften

Thick walls of the church

The church is built along the riverbanks, parallel to Loboc river. The coral stone church follows a cruciform plan with a sunken pyramidal roof on its crossing. As a church built by the Jesuits, exterior walls of the church have the Jesuit insignia and icons of an angel's wing and head.[5] Major renovations where undertaken by Augustinian priest Father Aquilino Bon including the addition of a portico to the façade (1863-1866) and roofing with tiles (1873).[5] Father Jose Sanchez, OAR, added the stone buttresses to the walls (1891-1893) and side porticoes (1895-1896).[5] Because of frequent flooding, wooden flooring was changed to cement tiles (1895)[11] and was elevated (1969).[12]

Façade

The inner baroque façade, which is part of the 1734 church built by the Jesuits, is decorated with pilasters, capitals, blind niches and volutes.[12][13] It was patterned after the San Ignacio church in Intramuros with two levels, a triangular pediment and two narrow octagonal bell tower on both sides.[14] The neoclassical portico houses niches for San Pedro and San Pablo.[13] Along the pediment is a wooden bas-relief on galvanized iron of the papal tiara over crossed keys, symbol of Saint Peter, on the center and medallions carrying the icons of the Augustinian and Saint Peter on both ends.[5]

Church Altars or Retablos

The church has five retablos. The central retablo (or retablo mayor) at the altar houses the image of Saint Peter, patron, paired with Saint Paul on the uppermost niche; the Our Lady of Guadalupe, secondary patron, center of the lowest level; Santa Lucia and San Francisco Javier, elected patrons of the people in 1697 against typhoons, floods and alligators, respectively on the side niches of the Virgin Mary.[11] Behind the walls of the retablo mayor are remains of the former Jesuit altarpiece of a bas-relief of San Ignacio de Loyola and San Francisco Javier dressed as pilgrims.[11]

Epistle Retablo

Interior of Loboc church showing the pulpit, epistle retablo and ceiling paintings

On the right side of the altar are two retablos. The larger altar on the right side currently houses the image of San Francisco Javier as preacher on the topmost level; San Vicente Ferrer (center), San Agustin (left), Santa Monica (right) on the middle level; and Nuestra Señora de la Consolacion (center), Santa Ana (right) and Santa Teresita del Niño Jesus (originally San Joaquin) (left) on the lowest level.[15] The smaller altar has two levels of baroque and neoclassical style with images of the curicified Christ and Santo Niño for the lower and upper levels respectively.[15] The tomb of Father Aquilino Bon and other Recollects priests who served Loboc can be found on this side of the church.[15] Remains of Jesuit priest Alonso de Humanes were formerly interred here before the transfer of his remains to San Ignacio in Intramuros.[15][16] The fire of 1638 in a former Loboc church stopped at the foot of Humanes' tomb.[16] The story easily spread across the people of the Loboc and nearby towns which drew pilgrims to light candles in memory of Humanes.[16][17]

Gospel Retablo

On the left side of the altar are also two retablos. The larger altar, which is a twin of the larger epistle altar, houses an image of a unidentified saint on the topmost level, presumably San Miguel; and the Crucified Christ (originally Madonna and Child) (center), San Antonio de Padua (left), San Nicolas de Tolentino (right) on the middle level.[16] The original images on the lowest level have been replaced. The smaller retablo, also of the same style, houses the images of St Joseph and the Child Jesus, and San Isidro Labrador on the lower and upper level.[16]

Interiors

The church is adorned with ceiling paintings by Canuto Avila and his son Ricardo and Ray Francia from May 1926 to July 1927,[12] retouched by Cris Naparota in 1995.[12] The mural of Our Lady of Guadalupe, secondary patron of Loboc, by Max Aya-ay in 1930[7] at the center of the nave depicts how the Virgin saved Loboc from floods on November 26, 1876.[12] The chuch also has a separate cantilevered organ loft hosting a large pipe organ believed to be connected to Father Diego Cera, maker of the Las Piñas Bamboo organ.[12]

Sacristy and Convent

The sacristy is located behind the apse.[7] It has a retablo with a crucifix on its central niche.[16] Two bas-reliefs of Saint Ignatius and the first Jesuits before Mary and the Child Jesus in stucco[16] and St. Ignatius holding a book in wood can be found on the doorways.[6] The convent, which was built around 1854, was used as the central residence of Jesuit Missions in Bohol.[7] It was built parallel to the transept and was an unusual three story structure with a two story outdoor gallery (called volada) and thick walls.[6] The three story convent is the only convent in the Philippines with three floors.[18] Extension perpendicular to the convent was done the middle of the 19th century.[6] It was also adorned with paintings on its walls and ceilings, with colored glass on its windows and cornices on the kitchen. The roof was replaced by galvanized iron in 1888.[6] The third floor of the convent is now used as an ecclesiastical museum (known as Loboc Museum) with several religious artifacts such as a 1786 silver missal and 18th century wooden Santo Niño.[6]

Bell tower

Bell tower of Loboc church

A detached four-storey bell tower was built near the riverbanks by the first Augustinian Recollect priest of Loboc.[5][19] It has seven bells with the 1863 bell being the oldest and the 1937 bell named for Father Cayetano Bastes being the largest.[19] It also has a large wooden ratchet (1899) used during Holy Week and a clock from the Altonaga Company installed in 1893.[19]

Mortuary

The hexagonal mortuary is located on the left side of the façade. It was built by Father Bon from 1867 to 1868.[5] Inside is a baroque retablo similar to the altars inside the church. It is now used as a meeting hall.[19]

2013 Bohol earthquake

Main article: 2013 Bohol earthquake

The island of Bohol experienced a strong earthquake at 8:12 AM on October 15, 2013. The church of Loboc suffered major damage to its structure with its façade in rubble and its tower collapsed.

  • Loboc church after the 2013 Bohol Earthquake
  • Church building
    Church building
  • Bell tower
    Bell tower

The Diocese of Tagbilaran plans to restore the church of Loboc and all other churches destroyed by the earthquake.[20] While waiting for the complete restoration and rehabilitation of the old church, the people of Loboc inaugurated the San Pedro Apostol alternative church on October 12, 2014.[21]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Jose 2001, p. 68
  2. ^ a b Javellana 1988, p. 90
  3. ^ Jose 2001, pp. 68–69
  4. ^ O'Malley 1999, p. 429
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jose 2001, p. 69
  6. ^ a b c d e f Jose 2001, p. 74
  7. ^ a b c d Javellana 1988, p. 92
  8. ^ "Resolution No. 7, s. 1998 Declaring the church of San Pedro Apostol in Loboc, Bohol as a National Historical Landmark" (PDF). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  9. ^ "Jesuit Churches of the Philippines". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  10. ^ "Baroque churches of the Philippines (Extension)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  11. ^ a b c Jose 2001, p. 71
  12. ^ a b c d e f Jose 2001, p. 70
  13. ^ a b Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage. (2014). Survey Report on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in Republic of the Philippines. Tokyo, Japan.
  14. ^ Javellana 1988, p. 93
  15. ^ a b c d Jose 2001, p. 72
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Jose 2001, p. 73
  17. ^ Javellana 1988, p. 91
  18. ^ Reinerio, Alba (September 29, 2003). "The Restoration of 26 Philippine Churches". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  19. ^ a b c d Jose 2001, p. 75
  20. ^ Espina, Flordeliza (January 25, 2014). "Bohol churches to be restored". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  21. ^ Refran, Saleema (October 12, 2014). "Alternate church na gagamitin habang inaayos ang Loboc Church, binuksan" (in Filipino). GMA News. Retrieved October 14, 2014.

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Pedro church, Loboc.
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