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m Remove blank line(s) between list items per WP:LISTGAP to fix an accessibility issue for users of screen readers. Do WP:GENFIXES and cleanup if needed. Discuss this at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Accessibility#LISTGAP
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! colspan="2" | Standard Measurements<ref name=BOC /><ref name=Sibley />
! colspan="2" | Standard Measurements<ref name=BOC /><ref name=Sibley />
|-
|-
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Length|length]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|4.8|-|5.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Length|length]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|4.8|-|5.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
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|-
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Weight|weight]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|9|g|oz|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Weight|weight]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|9|g|oz|abbr=on}}
|-
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| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Wingspan|wingspan]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|7.25|in|mm|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Wingspan|wingspan]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|7.25|in|mm|abbr=on}}
|-
|-
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Wing|wing]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|56.9|-|62.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Wing|wing]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|56.9|-|62.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|-
|-
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Tail|tail]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|46|-|51.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Tail|tail]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|46|-|51.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|-
|-
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Culmen|culmen]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|10|-|11.2|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Culmen|culmen]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|10|-|11.2|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|-
|-
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird_measurement#Tarsus|tarsus]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|16.5|-|18.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| style="padding-right: 1em;padding-left:0.35em;" | [[Bird measurement#Tarsus|tarsus]] || style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;" | {{convert|16.5|-|18.5|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|}
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These birds [[bird migration|migrate]] to the southern United States and south to [[Central America]].
These birds [[bird migration|migrate]] to the southern United States and south to [[Central America]].


They forage actively in low shrubs, flying from perch to perch, sometimes hovering. These birds eat insects, berries and nectar.
They forage actively in low shrubs, flying from perch to perch, sometimes hovering. These birds eat insects, berries and nectar.


Four to six eggs are laid in a nest on the ground or in a low bush.<ref name=BOC/>
Four to six eggs are laid in a nest on the ground or in a low bush.<ref name=BOC/>
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===Thesis===
===Thesis===


* Bull RD. M.Sc. (2005). ''Patterns of genetic differentiation in orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata populations across their breeding range''. Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.
* Bull RD. M.Sc. (2005). ''Patterns of genetic differentiation in orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata populations across their breeding range''. Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.
* Conway CJ. Ph.D. (1998). ''Ecological and physiological constraints on avian incubation behavior and nest-site selection''. University of Montana, United States, Montana.

* Conway CJ. Ph.D. (1998). ''Ecological and physiological constraints on avian incubation behavior and nest-site selection''. University of Montana, United States, Montana.
* Dean KL. Ph.D. (1999). ''Stopover ecology of neotropical migrant songbirds in riparian corridors in the northern Great Plains''. University of South Dakota, United States, South Dakota.
⚫
* Hagar JC. Ph.D. (2004). ''Functional relationships among songbirds, arthropods, and understory vegetation in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon''. Oregon State University, United States, Oregon.

* Dean KL. Ph.D. (1999). ''Stopover ecology of neotropical migrant songbirds in riparian corridors in the northern Great Plains''. University of South Dakota, United States, South Dakota.
* McMartin DW. M.Sc. (1996). ''Impact of insecticide applications on the foraging behaviour and diet of three boreal forest warbler species''. University of Toronto (Canada), Canada.

⚫
* Hagar JC. Ph.D. (2004). ''Functional relationships among songbirds, arthropods, and understory vegetation in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon''. Oregon State University, United States, Oregon.

* McMartin DW. M.Sc. (1996). ''Impact of insecticide applications on the foraging behaviour and diet of three boreal forest warbler species''. University of Toronto (Canada), Canada.


===Articles===
===Articles===


* Andres BA, Browne BT & Brann DL. (2005). ''Composition, abundance, and timing of post-breeding migrant landbirds at Yakutat, Alaska''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''117''', no 3. p. 270-279.
* Andres BA, Browne BT & Brann DL. (2005). ''Composition, abundance, and timing of post-breeding migrant landbirds at Yakutat, Alaska''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''117''', no 3. p. 270-279.

* Conway CJ & Martin TE. (2000). ''Effects of ambient temperature on avian incubation behavior''. Behavioral Ecology. vol '''11''', no 2. p. 178-188.
* Conway CJ & Martin TE. (2000). ''Effects of ambient temperature on avian incubation behavior''. Behavioral Ecology. vol '''11''', no 2. p. 178-188.

* Flannery ME, Guers SL, Gardali T, Nur N & Geupel GR. (2004). ''Landbird migration at the Salton Sea: The value of desert riparian habitat''. Studies in Avian Biology. vol '''27''', p. 106-115.
* Flannery ME, Guers SL, Gardali T, Nur N & Geupel GR. (2004). ''Landbird migration at the Salton Sea: The value of desert riparian habitat''. Studies in Avian Biology. vol '''27''', p. 106-115.

* George TL & Brand LA. (2002). ''The effects of habitat fragmentation on birds in coast redwood forests''. Studies in Avian Biology. vol '''25''', p. 92-102.
* George TL & Brand LA. (2002). ''The effects of habitat fragmentation on birds in coast redwood forests''. Studies in Avian Biology. vol '''25''', p. 92-102.

* Gilbert WM. (1983). ''Flight Song and Song Flight in the Orange-Crowned Warbler Vermivora-Celata''. Condor. vol '''85''', no 1.
* Gilbert WM. (1983). ''Flight Song and Song Flight in the Orange-Crowned Warbler Vermivora-Celata''. Condor. vol '''85''', no 1.

* Gilbert WM. (1994). ''Intrusions, and resident pair responses, during the breeding cycle of the orange-crowned Warbler''. Journal of Avian Biology. vol '''25''', no 2. p. 105-111.
* Gilbert WM. (1994). ''Intrusions, and resident pair responses, during the breeding cycle of the orange-crowned Warbler''. Journal of Avian Biology. vol '''25''', no 2. p. 105-111.

* Gill REJ, Petersen MR & Jorgensen PD. (1981). ''Birds of the North Central Alaska Peninsula USA 1976-1980''. Arctic. vol '''34''', no 4. p. 286-306.
* Gill REJ, Petersen MR & Jorgensen PD. (1981). ''Birds of the North Central Alaska Peninsula USA 1976-1980''. Arctic. vol '''34''', no 4. p. 286-306.

* Kelly JF. (2006). ''Stable isotope evidence links breeding geography and migration timing in wood warblers (Parulidae)''. Auk. vol '''123''', no 2. p. 431-437.
* Kelly JF. (2006). ''Stable isotope evidence links breeding geography and migration timing in wood warblers (Parulidae)''. Auk. vol '''123''', no 2. p. 431-437.

* Kessler WB & Kogut TE. (1985). ''Habitat Orientations of Forest Birds in Southeastern Alaska USA''. Northwest Science. vol '''59''', no 1. p. 58-65.
* Kessler WB & Kogut TE. (1985). ''Habitat Orientations of Forest Birds in Southeastern Alaska USA''. Northwest Science. vol '''59''', no 1. p. 58-65.

* Komar O, O'Shea J, Townsend Peterson A & Navarro-Siguenza AG. (2005). ''Evidence of latitudinal sexual segregation among migratory birds wintering in Mexico''. Auk. vol '''122''', no 3. p. 938-948.
* Komar O, O'Shea J, Townsend Peterson A & Navarro-Siguenza AG. (2005). ''Evidence of latitudinal sexual segregation among migratory birds wintering in Mexico''. Auk. vol '''122''', no 3. p. 938-948.

* Manweiler SA, Lane RS, Block WM & Morrison ML. (1990). ''Survey of Birds and Lizards for Ixodid Ticks Acari and Spirochetal Infection in Northern California USA''. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol '''27''', no 6. p. 1011-1015.
* Manweiler SA, Lane RS, Block WM & Morrison ML. (1990). ''Survey of Birds and Lizards for Ixodid Ticks Acari and Spirochetal Infection in Northern California USA''. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol '''27''', no 6. p. 1011-1015.

* Martin PR & Martin TE. (2001). ''Behavioral interactions between coexisting species: Song playback experiments with wood warblers''. Ecology. vol '''82''', no 1. p. 207-218.
* Martin PR & Martin TE. (2001). ''Behavioral interactions between coexisting species: Song playback experiments with wood warblers''. Ecology. vol '''82''', no 1. p. 207-218.

* Martin PR & Martin TE. (2001). ''Ecological and fitness consequences of species coexistence: A removal experiment with wood warblers''. Ecology. vol '''82''', no 1. p. 189-206.
* Martin PR & Martin TE. (2001). ''Ecological and fitness consequences of species coexistence: A removal experiment with wood warblers''. Ecology. vol '''82''', no 1. p. 189-206.

* Morrison ML. (1981). ''The Structure of Western Warbler Assemblages Analysis of Foraging Behavior and Habitat Selection in Oregon USA''. Auk. vol '''98''', no 3. p. 578-588.
* Morrison ML. (1981). ''The Structure of Western Warbler Assemblages Analysis of Foraging Behavior and Habitat Selection in Oregon USA''. Auk. vol '''98''', no 3. p. 578-588.

* Morrison ML & Meslow EC. (1983). ''Bird Community Structure on Early Growth Clear Cuts in Western Oregon USA''. American Midland Naturalist. vol '''110''', no 1. p. 129-137.
* Morrison ML & Meslow EC. (1983). ''Bird Community Structure on Early Growth Clear Cuts in Western Oregon USA''. American Midland Naturalist. vol '''110''', no 1. p. 129-137.

* Paton PWC & Pogson TH. (1996). ''Relative abundance, migration strategy, and habitat use of birds breeding in Denali National Park, Alaska''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '''110''', no 4. p. 599-606.
* Paton PWC & Pogson TH. (1996). ''Relative abundance, migration strategy, and habitat use of birds breeding in Denali National Park, Alaska''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '''110''', no 4. p. 599-606.

* Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Martinez VM, Fang Y & Green EN. (2003). ''Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses''. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol '''40''', no 6. p. 968-982.
* Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Martinez VM, Fang Y & Green EN. (2003). ''Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses''. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol '''40''', no 6. p. 968-982.

* Remsen JVJ, Ellerman M & Cole J. (1989). ''Dead-Leaf-Searching by the Orange-Crowned Warbler in Louisiana USA in Winter''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''101''', no 4. p. 645-648.
* Remsen JVJ, Ellerman M & Cole J. (1989). ''Dead-Leaf-Searching by the Orange-Crowned Warbler in Louisiana USA in Winter''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '''101''', no 4. p. 645-648.

* Scott VE & Crouch GL. (1987). ''Response of Breeding Birds to Commercial Clearcutting of Aspen in Southwestern Colorado USA''. U S Forest Service Research Note RM. vol '''475''', p. 1-5.
* Scott VE & Crouch GL. (1987). ''Response of Breeding Birds to Commercial Clearcutting of Aspen in Southwestern Colorado USA''. U S Forest Service Research Note RM. vol '''475''', p. 1-5.

* Spicer GS. (1977). ''2 New Nasal Mites of the Genus Ptilonyssus Mesostigmata Rhinonyssidae from Texas USA''. Acarologia. vol '''18''', no 4. p. 594-601.
* Spicer GS. (1977). ''2 New Nasal Mites of the Genus Ptilonyssus Mesostigmata Rhinonyssidae from Texas USA''. Acarologia. vol '''18''', no 4. p. 594-601.

* Swanson DL, Carlisle HA & Liknes ET. (2003). ''Abundance and richness of Neotropical migrants during stopover at farmstead woodlots and associated habitats in southeastern South Dakota''. American Midland Naturalist. vol '''149''', no 1. p. 176-191.
* Swanson DL, Carlisle HA & Liknes ET. (2003). ''Abundance and richness of Neotropical migrants during stopover at farmstead woodlots and associated habitats in southeastern South Dakota''. American Midland Naturalist. vol '''149''', no 1. p. 176-191.

* White GC & Bennetts RE. (1996). ''Analysis of frequency count data using the negative binomial distribution''. Ecology. vol '''77''', no 8. p. 2549-2557.
* White GC & Bennetts RE. (1996). ''Analysis of frequency count data using the negative binomial distribution''. Ecology. vol '''77''', no 8. p. 2549-2557.
-->
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Revision as of 07:16, 10 March 2016

Orange-crowned warbler
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Family:
Parulidae
Genus:
Oreothlypis
Species:
O. celata
Binomial name
Oreothlypis celata
(Say, 1823)
Range of O. celata
  Breeding range
  Year-round range
  Wintering range
Synonyms

Helmintophila celata
Vermivora celata
Leiothlypis celata

Crown patch visible

The orange-crowned warbler (Oreothlypis celata) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.

Description

Orange-crowned warbler Quintana, Texas

These birds are distinguished by their lack of wing bars, streaking on the underparts, strong face marking or bright colouring, resembling a fall Tennessee warbler and a black-throated blue warbler, both of which are also members of the New World warbler family. The orange patch on the crown is usually not visible. They have olive-grey upperparts, yellowish underparts with faint streaking and a thin pointed bill. They have a faint line over their eyes and a faint broken eye ring. Females and immatures are duller in colour than males. Western birds are yellower than eastern birds.

Standard Measurements[2][3]
length 4.8–5.3 in (120–130 mm)
weight 9 g (0.32 oz)
wingspan 7.25 in (184 mm)
wing 56.9–62.5 mm (2.24–2.46 in)
tail 46–51.5 mm (1.81–2.03 in)
culmen 10–11.2 mm (0.39–0.44 in)
tarsus 16.5–18.5 mm (0.65–0.73 in)

Life history

Their breeding habitat is open shrubby areas across Canada, Alaska and the western United States. The nest is a small open cup well-concealed on the ground under vegetation or low in shrubs. The female builds the nest; both parents feed the young.

These birds migrate to the southern United States and south to Central America.

They forage actively in low shrubs, flying from perch to perch, sometimes hovering. These birds eat insects, berries and nectar.

Four to six eggs are laid in a nest on the ground or in a low bush.[2]

The song of this bird is a trill, descending in pitch and volume. The call is a high chip.

References

  1. ^ Template:IUCN
  2. ^ a b Godfrey, W. Earl (1966). The Birds of Canada. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. p. 323.
  3. ^ Sibley, David Allen (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Knopf. p. 427. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
  • Peluc, S.I.; Sillett, T.S.; Rotenberry, J.T.; Ghalambor, C.K. (2008). "Adaptive plasticity in nest site selection in response to increased predation risk". Behavioral Ecology. 19: 830–835. doi:10.1093/beheco/arn033.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leiothlypis celata.
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