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[[File:In the narrow streets of Mellah of Marrakech.jpg|thumb|250px|Corner of Talmud Torah and Francisco streets in the Mellah of Marrakesh.]]
[[File:In the narrow streets of Mellah of Marrakech.jpg|thumb|250px|Corner of Talmud Torah and Francisco streets in the Mellah of Marrakesh.]]
The '''Mellah of Marrakesh''' ({{lang-he|'''מלאח מרקש'''}}; {{lang-lad|'''Mellah de Marrakesh'''}}; {{lang-ar|'''ملاح مراكش'''}}), formerly known as '''Hay Essalam''' is the [[Jewish quarter (diaspora)|Jewish Quarter]] of the city of [[Marrakesh]], [[Morocco]]. It is the second oldest of its kind in the country.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879621?seq=1 On the Origins of the Mellah of Marrakesh]. Gottreich, Emily. [[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]. Vol. 35, No. 2 (May, 2003), pp. 287-305.</ref>
The '''Mellah of Marrakesh''' ({{lang-he|'''מלאח מרקש'''}}; {{lang-lad|'''Mellah de Marrakesh'''}}; {{lang-ar|ملاح مراكش}}), formerly known as '''Hay Essalam''' is the [[Jewish quarter (diaspora)|Jewish Quarter]] of the city of [[Marrakesh]], [[Morocco]]. It is the second oldest of its kind in the country.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879621?seq=1 On the Origins of the Mellah of Marrakesh]. Gottreich, Emily. [[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]. Vol. 35, No. 2 (May, 2003), pp. 287-305.</ref>


==History==
==History==
Although the city of Marrakesh was founded by the [[Almoravids]] in 1060, jews settled 40 km away and there is no recorded jewish presence in the city until 1232. After the [[Reconquista]] and [[Alhambra Decree|expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula]] in 1492, jews started to arrive in great numbers to Morocco, settling mostly in cities and mixing with the local Jewish population. Many [[mellah]]s were created to protect the jews under their [[dhimmi]] status. The Mellah of Marrakesh was created by decree of the Sultan [[Abdallah al-Ghalib]] of the [[Saadi dynasty|Saadian dynasty]] in 1558,<ref>[https://www.alksar.com/en/jewish-mellah-of-marrakech Jewish Mellah of Marrakech | History & Visit of Ancient Jewish District]</ref> outside of the walls of [[El Badi Palace]]. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Mellah was one of the main commercial areas of the city, and it was a walled quarter, with its gates closed at night. <ref name=insidearabia>[https://insidearabia.com/marrakechs-mellah-a-return-to-peaceful-co-existence/ Marrakech’s Mellah: A Return to Peaceful Co-Existence]</ref>
Although the city of Marrakesh was founded by the [[Almoravids]] in 1060, jews settled 40&nbsp;km away and there is no recorded jewish presence in the city until 1232. After the [[Reconquista]] and [[Alhambra Decree|expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula]] in 1492, jews started to arrive in great numbers to Morocco, settling mostly in cities and mixing with the local Jewish population. Many [[mellah]]s were created to protect the jews under their [[dhimmi]] status. The Mellah of Marrakesh was created by decree of the Sultan [[Abdallah al-Ghalib]] of the [[Saadi dynasty|Saadian dynasty]] in 1558,<ref>[https://www.alksar.com/en/jewish-mellah-of-marrakech Jewish Mellah of Marrakech | History & Visit of Ancient Jewish District]</ref> outside of the walls of [[El Badi Palace]]. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Mellah was one of the main commercial areas of the city, and it was a walled quarter, with its gates closed at night.<ref name=insidearabia>[https://insidearabia.com/marrakechs-mellah-a-return-to-peaceful-co-existence/ Marrakech’s Mellah: A Return to Peaceful Co-Existence]</ref>


[[File:Al Azama synagogue of Marrakech.jpg|thumb|250px|Courtyard of the [[Slat Al Azama synagogue]].]]
[[File:Al Azama synagogue of Marrakech.jpg|thumb|250px|Courtyard of the [[Slat Al Azama synagogue]].]]

===Decline===
===Decline===
The mellah became overpopulated within few years, with most estimates that more than 40,000 people living in the mellah at the peak of its population in the late 1940s, before the emigration of the community after the [[independence of Israel]], the end of the [[French Protectorate in Morocco|French protectorate]], and the [[Six Day War|Six-Day]] and [[Yom Kippur War|Yom Kippur]] wars to [[Israel]] mainly, and also to [[France]] and [[Montreal]]. <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/travel/in-morocco-exploring-remnants-of-jewish-history.html In Morocco, Exploring Remnants of Jewish History]</ref> <ref name=elmundo>[https://www.elmundoconella.com/marruecos/la-mellah-y-el-cementerio-judio-de-marrakech/ La Mellah y el Cementerio Judío de Marrakech]</ref> The jewish population of the mellah of Marrakesh today is about 200 inhabitants.<ref name=insidearabia/>
The mellah became overpopulated within few years, with most estimates that more than 40,000 people living in the mellah at the peak of its population in the late 1940s, before the emigration of the community after the [[independence of Israel]], the end of the [[French Protectorate in Morocco|French protectorate]], and the [[Six Day War|Six-Day]] and [[Yom Kippur War|Yom Kippur]] wars to [[Israel]] mainly, and also to [[France]] and [[Montreal]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/travel/in-morocco-exploring-remnants-of-jewish-history.html In Morocco, Exploring Remnants of Jewish History]</ref><ref name=elmundo>[https://www.elmundoconella.com/marruecos/la-mellah-y-el-cementerio-judio-de-marrakech/ La Mellah y el Cementerio Judío de Marrakech]</ref> The jewish population of the mellah of Marrakesh today is about 200 inhabitants.<ref name=insidearabia/>

===Restoration===
===Restoration===
In 2016, [[King Mohamed VI]] ordered to restore the names of the streets that had to do with the city's Jewish heritage,<ref name=elmundo/> including restoring the name of the neighborhood back to "El Mellah", allocating over US$ 20 million for the restoration of houses, streets and synagogues.<ref name=franceinfo>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/economie-africaine/maroc-renaissance-du-vieux-quartier-juif-de-marrakech_3058915.html Maroc : renaissance du vieux quartier juif de Marrakech] </ref><ref>[https://hamodia.com/2017/01/17/moroccos-king-restores-original-names-marrakechs-jewish-quarter/ Morocco’s King Restores Original Names to Marrakech’s Jewish Quarter]. [[Hamodia]]</ref> In November of the same year, [[Zouheir Bahloul]], an [[Arab citizens of Israel|arab]] member of the [[Knesset]] for the party [[Zionist Union]] requested funds from the Israeli government to support a synagogue located in the mellah, in an unexpected move for both the Israeli government and the Jewish Community of Morocco.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/when-a-muslim-mk-beseeched-israel-to-fund-a-moroccan-synagogue/ When a Muslim MK beseeched Israel to fund a Moroccan synagogue]. [[The Times of Israel]]</ref> Today, the mellah is one of the main tourist attractions of the city.<ref name=franceinfo/>
In 2016, [[King Mohamed VI]] ordered to restore the names of the streets that had to do with the city's Jewish heritage,<ref name=elmundo/> including restoring the name of the neighborhood back to "El Mellah", allocating over US$20 million for the restoration of houses, streets and synagogues.<ref name=franceinfo>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/economie-africaine/maroc-renaissance-du-vieux-quartier-juif-de-marrakech_3058915.html Maroc : renaissance du vieux quartier juif de Marrakech]</ref><ref>[https://hamodia.com/2017/01/17/moroccos-king-restores-original-names-marrakechs-jewish-quarter/ Morocco’s King Restores Original Names to Marrakech’s Jewish Quarter]. [[Hamodia]]</ref> In November of the same year, [[Zouheir Bahloul]], an [[Arab citizens of Israel|arab]] member of the [[Knesset]] for the party [[Zionist Union]] requested funds from the Israeli government to support a synagogue located in the mellah, in an unexpected move for both the Israeli government and the Jewish Community of Morocco.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/when-a-muslim-mk-beseeched-israel-to-fund-a-moroccan-synagogue/ When a Muslim MK beseeched Israel to fund a Moroccan synagogue]. [[The Times of Israel]]</ref> Today, the mellah is one of the main tourist attractions of the city.<ref name=franceinfo/>


==External links==
==External links==
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==References==
==References==
<references/>{{Marrakesh}}
<references/>{{Marrakesh}}

[[Category:Marrakesh]]
[[Category:Marrakesh]]
[[Category:Jewish ghettos]]
[[Category:Jewish ghettos]]

Revision as of 09:42, 17 February 2021

Corner of Talmud Torah and Francisco streets in the Mellah of Marrakesh.

The Mellah of Marrakesh (Hebrew: מלאח מרקש; Ladino: Mellah de Marrakesh; Arabic: ملاح مراكش), formerly known as Hay Essalam is the Jewish Quarter of the city of Marrakesh, Morocco. It is the second oldest of its kind in the country.[1]

History

Although the city of Marrakesh was founded by the Almoravids in 1060, jews settled 40 km away and there is no recorded jewish presence in the city until 1232. After the Reconquista and expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula in 1492, jews started to arrive in great numbers to Morocco, settling mostly in cities and mixing with the local Jewish population. Many mellahs were created to protect the jews under their dhimmi status. The Mellah of Marrakesh was created by decree of the Sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib of the Saadian dynasty in 1558,[2] outside of the walls of El Badi Palace. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Mellah was one of the main commercial areas of the city, and it was a walled quarter, with its gates closed at night.[3]

Courtyard of the Slat Al Azama synagogue.

Decline

The mellah became overpopulated within few years, with most estimates that more than 40,000 people living in the mellah at the peak of its population in the late 1940s, before the emigration of the community after the independence of Israel, the end of the French protectorate, and the Six-Day and Yom Kippur wars to Israel mainly, and also to France and Montreal.[4][5] The jewish population of the mellah of Marrakesh today is about 200 inhabitants.[3]

Restoration

In 2016, King Mohamed VI ordered to restore the names of the streets that had to do with the city's Jewish heritage,[5] including restoring the name of the neighborhood back to "El Mellah", allocating over US$20 million for the restoration of houses, streets and synagogues.[6][7] In November of the same year, Zouheir Bahloul, an arab member of the Knesset for the party Zionist Union requested funds from the Israeli government to support a synagogue located in the mellah, in an unexpected move for both the Israeli government and the Jewish Community of Morocco.[8] Today, the mellah is one of the main tourist attractions of the city.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ On the Origins of the Mellah of Marrakesh. Gottreich, Emily. International Journal of Middle East Studies. Vol. 35, No. 2 (May, 2003), pp. 287-305.
  2. ^ Jewish Mellah of Marrakech | History & Visit of Ancient Jewish District
  3. ^ a b Marrakech’s Mellah: A Return to Peaceful Co-Existence
  4. ^ In Morocco, Exploring Remnants of Jewish History
  5. ^ a b La Mellah y el Cementerio Judío de Marrakech
  6. ^ a b Maroc : renaissance du vieux quartier juif de Marrakech
  7. ^ Morocco’s King Restores Original Names to Marrakech’s Jewish Quarter. Hamodia
  8. ^ When a Muslim MK beseeched Israel to fund a Moroccan synagogue. The Times of Israel
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