Vector boson: Difference between revisions
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{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} |
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In [[particle physics]], a '''vector boson''' is a [[boson]] |
In [[particle physics]], a '''vector boson''' is a [[boson]] whose [[spin (physics)|spin]] equals one. The vector bosons regarded as [[elementary particle]]s in the [[Standard Model]] are the [[gauge boson]]s, the [[force carrier]]s of [[fundamental interaction]]s: the [[photon]] of [[electromagnetism]], the [[W and Z bosons]] of the [[weak interaction]], and the [[gluon]]s of the [[strong interaction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itp.kit.edu/~maggie/icise/standardmodel.pdf|title=The Standard Model of Particle Physics|first=M. M.|last=Muhlleitner|date=August 2018|access-date=June 2, 2021}}</ref> Some [[composite particle]]s are vector bosons, for instance any [[vector meson]] ([[quark]] and [[antiquark]]). During the 1970s and 1980s, [[intermediate vector boson]]s drew much attention in [[particle physics]].<ref>{{cite url|url=https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/1983/10/epn19831410p1.pdf|title=Intermediate Vector Bosons: Production and Identification at the CERN Proton-Antiproton Collider|first=G.|last=Barianti|first2=E.|last2=Gabathuler|date=October 1983|publisher=Europhysics News|access-date=June 2, 2021|pages=6,14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ns.32.120182.002303|title=Physics of Intermediate Vector Boson|first=John|last=Ellis|first2=Mary K.|last2=Gaillard|first3=Georges|last3=Girardi|first4=Paul|last4=Sorba|publisher=Annual Reviews|date=1982|access-date=June 2, 2021}}</ref> |
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A '''pseudovector boson''' is a vector boson that has even [[parity]], |
A '''pseudovector boson''' is a vector boson that has even [[parity]], whereas "regular" vector bosons have odd parity. There are no fundamental psuedovector bosons, but there are [[pseudovector meson]]s |
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==Vector bosons and the Higgs== |
==Vector bosons and the Higgs== |
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Revision as of 18:12, 2 June 2021
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. The vector bosons regarded as elementary particles in the Standard Model are the gauge bosons, the force carriers of fundamental interactions: the photon of electromagnetism, the W and Z bosons of the weak interaction, and the gluons of the strong interaction.[1] Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark). During the 1970s and 1980s, intermediate vector bosons drew much attention in particle physics.[2][3]
A pseudovector boson is a vector boson that has even parity, whereas "regular" vector bosons have odd parity. There are no fundamental psuedovector bosons, but there are pseudovector mesons
Vector bosons and the Higgs
(The symbol q means a quark particle, W and Z are the vector bosons of the electroweak interaction. H0 is the Higgs boson.)
The W and Z particles interact with the Higgs boson as shown in the Feynman diagram.[4]
Explanation
The name vector boson arises from quantum field theory. The component of such a particle's spin along any axis has the three eigenvalues −ħ, 0, and +ħ (where ħ is the reduced Planck constant), meaning that any measurement of its spin can only yield one of these values. (This is true for massive vector bosons; the situation differs for massless particles such as the photon, for reasons beyond the scope of this article. See Wigner's classification.[5])
The space of spin states therefore is a discrete degree of freedom consisting of three states, the same as the number of components of a vector in three-dimensional space. Quantum superpositions of these states can be taken such that they transform under rotations just like the spatial components of a rotating vector[citation needed] (the so called 3 representation of SU(2)). If the vector boson is taken to be the quantum of a field, the field is a vector field, hence the name.
The boson part of the name arises from the spin-statistics relation, which requires that all integer spin particles be bosons.
See also
References
- ^ Muhlleitner, M. M. (August 2018). "The Standard Model of Particle Physics" (PDF). Retrieved June 2, 2021.
- ^ Barianti, G.; Gabathuler, E. (October 1983). "Intermediate Vector Bosons: Production and Identification at the CERN Proton-Antiproton Collider" (PDF). Europhysics News. pp. 6, 14. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
- ^ Ellis, John; Gaillard, Mary K.; Girardi, Georges; Sorba, Paul (1982). "Physics of Intermediate Vector Boson". Annual Reviews. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
- ^ "Confirmed! Newfound Particle Is a Higgs Boson".
- ^ Weingard, Robert. "Some Comments Regarding Spin and Relativity" (PDF).