Cambodian name: Difference between revisions
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! Khmer !! IPA !! [[Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN|UNGEGN]] |
! Khmer !! IPA !! [[Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN|UNGEGN]] !! Revised !! Origin |
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| កូយ || /kouy/ || Koy || Koy || |
| កូយ || /kouy/ || Koy || Koy || |
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Revision as of 04:46, 4 August 2021
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Khmer names are names used in, or originating in, Cambodia which usually consist of two elements including a patronymic, which serves as a common family name for siblings, followed by a given name.[1][2] Surname then given name (Eastern name order). An example is famous singer Sin Sisamouth, his surname (last name) is Sin and his given name (first name) is Sisamouth. (In Western sources, the two are sometimes reversed.)[3] Traditionally, the Khmer do not have Western-style family names shared by multiple generations or entire families. Instead, Khmer children use their father's given name as their family name.[4] Other Austroasiatic indigenous people groups within Cambodia have similar naming customs, while the Sino-Khmer and Viet-Khmer may follow Chinese and Vietnamese naming patterns, respectively. Chams in Cambodia may have either Khmer or Cham names or a combination of both. Cham name order is the reverse of the Khmer; the given name is followed by the father's given name.[5]: 23
Given names
Generally, women are given names relating to beauty, while men are given names of virtues.[6][7] Some Khmer given names are unisex names.
Surnames
Surnames are usually taken from the surname or the given name of the father[1] and are generally monosyllabic.[8] Khmer surnames are sometimes identical to Chinese or Vietnamese surnames.[8] Women keep their maiden names after marriage.[6]
Origin and meanings
The meanings of Khmer names are generally very simple and reference positive attributes. Cambodian people are called by their given names without a title (informal) or by their given names with a title (formal); the full name, including both family name and given name is often used[2][6] (Surnames are used as a form of address, however, in the case of names that originated as revolutionary aliases).[clarification needed]
Different naming traditions exist among ethnic groups other than the Khmer majority. The Cambodian population is 90% Buddhist and names are often taken from Buddhism. Among the Muslim minority, Arabic names are often used as family names.[1]
Pronunciation
Khmer names are usually pronounced with the stress (emphasis) placed on the last syllable.[9] Khmer uses a glottal stop (the brief stop in uh-oh) and other stops: p, t, c and k which may or may not occur with aspiration. In romanizations of Khmer script, aspiration (i.e., a breath sound) is usually marked with an h. Final r, d, g, s, b, and z sounds are not heard: Ngor is pronounced Ngow. Some final consonants are written but not pronounced.[10]
List of some family names
Khmer "family" names are usually simply their father's given name, and as such change with each generation. Other ethnic groups, particularly Chinese-Cambodians and Vietnamese-Cambodians, may have a family name that is taken by each generation, in which case the name is pronounced similarly to the language of origin but within the bounds of Khmer phonology. Below is a list of some common family names,[11] some of which are also found as given names.
| Khmer | IPA | UNGEGN | Revised | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| កូយ | /kouy/ | Koy | Koy | |
| កឹម | /kəm/ | Kœ̆m | Koem | |
| កែប | /kaep/ | Kêp | Kaep, Kep | |
| កែវ | /kaew/ | Kêv | Kev, Kaev, Keo | Second most common Khmer surname, meaning glass or jewel or crystal |
| កាំង | /kaŋ/ | Kăng | Kang | |
| ខាត់ | /kʰat/ | Khăt | Khat | |
| ខាយ | /kʰaːy/ | Khay | Khay | 凱/凯 (triumphant, victorious) |
| ខៀវ | /kʰiəw/ | Khiĕv | Khiev, Kheav | 喬/乔 (Chinese "qiao", Vietnamese "kiều") |
| ខ្លូត | /kʰlout/ | Khlot | Khlot | generic name for melon-like fruit |
| គ្រី | /kriː/ | Kri | Kri, Kry, Kree | |
| គឹម | /kɨm/ | Kœ̆m | Koem, Kim | 金 (Korean "Kim" / Mandarin Chinese "Jin", meaning gold) |
| គួច | /kuəc/ | Kuŏch | Kuoch | |
| ឃាង | /kʰiəŋ/ | Khéang | Kheang | |
| ឃិន | /kʰɨn/ | Khĭn | Khin | Chinese 欽/钦 (respect, admiration) |
| ឃីម | /kʰiːm/ | Khim | Khim | |
| ចន្ទ | /can/ | Chăn | Chan | Sanskrit word canda (चन्द) meaning moon |
| ចាន់ | /can/ | Chăn | Chan | |
| ចាប | /caːp/ | Chap | Chap | means Bird in Khmer |
| ចេង | /ceːŋ/ | Chéng | Cheng | |
| ចេន | /ceːn/ | Chén | Chen, Jen | 陳/陳 (Given only to Cambodians of Chinese descent) |
| ឆន | /cʰɑːn/ | Chhân | Chhan, Chhon, Chhorn | 終/终; whole, complete, entire. |
| ឆាយ | /cʰaːy/ | Chhay | Chhay | |
| ជា | /ciə/ | Chéa | Chea | 谢 (Chinese Xie) |
| ជាម | /ciəm/ | Chéam | Cheam | bowl.[12] From Persian جام (jam) meaning "cup". Or could be from Chinese 詹 (zhan) meaning "talk too much." |
| ជិន | /cɨn/ | Chĭn | Chin, Jin | |
| ជី | /ciː/ | Chi | Chi, Chy | |
| ជឹម | /cɨm/ | Chœ̆m | Choem | |
| ជ័យ | /cɨj/ | Chey | Chey, Jey | Most popular surname in Cambodia, the Cambodian word "chey" meaning "victory" or "victorious", derived from Sanskrit Jaya (जय) |
| ឈិត | /cʰɨt/ | Chhĭt | Chhit | 奇 (odd, unusual) |
| ឈិន | /cʰɨn/ | Chhĭn | Chhin | 陳/陈 (old) |
| ឈឹម | /cʰɨm/ | Chhœ̆m | Chhoem | 欽 (respect, admiration) |
| ញឹក | /ɲɨk/ | Nhœ̆k | Nhoek | abbreviation of 涅槃 (Nirvana) |
| ដួង | /ɗuəŋ/ | Duŏng | Duong | beloved, dear, darling |
| ឌិត | /ɗɨt/ | Dĭt | Dit, Dith | ḍita from Sanskrit Paṇḍita (पण्डित) meaning wise man or scholar; or Chinese 狄 ("Di") |
| ឌិន | /ɗɨn/ | Dĭn | Din | from ḍina (डिन) in Pali meaning flight |
| ឌី | /ɗiː/ | Di | Di, Dy, Dee | |
| ឌុល | /ɗul/ | Dŭl | Dul | from ḍula (डुल) in Pali meaning earring or tremble |
| ឌួង | /ɗuəŋ/ | Duŏng | Duong | Chinese 東/东 (east) |
| តក់ | /tɑk/ | Ták | Tak | Droplets of water |
| តាង | /taːŋ/ | Tang | Tang | 唐 |
| តាត | /taːt/ | Tat | Tat, Tath | 達/达 (attain) |
| តូច | /touc/ | Toch | Toch, Touch | Small or Tiny |
| តាំង | /taŋ/ | Tăng | Tang | Possibly from Chinese 凳 meaning "bench" or "chair".[12] |
| ថន | /tʰɑːn/ | Thân | Than, Thon | |
| ថៃ | /tʰaj/ | Thai | Thai | |
| ទាវ | /tiəw/ | Téav | Teav | |
| ទី | /tiː/ | Ti | Ti, Ty, Tee | |
| ទុំ | /tum/ | Tŭm | Tum | |
| ទ្រី | /triː/ | Tri | Tri, Try | |
| ទេព | /teːp/ | Tép | Tep | from Deva (देव), Sanskrit for god or divine |
| ធី | /tʰiː/ | Thi | Thi, Thy, | |
| នី | /niː/ | Ni | Ni, Ny, | |
| ប្រាក់ | /prak/ | Prăk | Prak | Khmer for silver |
| ប៉ាង | /paːŋ/ | Pang | Pang | 龐/庞 (vast) |
| ប៉ុក | /pok/ | Pŏk | Pok | 波 (Bo) |
| ប៊ុន | /bun/ | Bŭn | Bun | 本 (the four winds, from Vietnamese bốn). Or from 文 |
| ប៉ែន | /paen/ | Pên | Pen, Paen | 賓/宾 (guest/visitor) |
| ផាន | /pʰaːn/ | Phan | Phan | 潘 (to overflow; be abundant) |
| ពិជ | /pɨc/ | Pĭch | Pich, | |
| ពេជ្រ | /peːc/ | Péch | Pech | Khmer word for diamonds |
| ភី | /pʰiː/ | Phi | Phi, Phy | guardian, one of great importance |
| មា | /maː/ | Ma | Ma | ม้า (Thai version of Chinese "Ma") |
| មាន | /miən/ | Méan | Mean | rich or wealthy; or 緬/缅 (nostalgic, distant) |
| មាស | /miəh/ | Méas | Meas | Khmer word for gold |
| មួយ | /muəy/ | Muŏy | Muoy | means one |
| មូល | /muːl/ | Mul | Mul, Moul | round |
| មេង | /meːŋ/ | Méng | Meng | 孟 (Chinese "Meng"). Or from 明 meaning "bright" |
| ម៉ៅ | /maw/ | Mau | Mau, Mao | 毛 (Chinese "Mao"), locals argue that it came from a spoken form of the Khmer word black or kmav (ខ្មៅ). However this word is reconstructed from Proto-Austro-Asiatic as *kVm and thus is unlikely to be so. |
| យស់ | /yuh/ | Yós | Yos, Yoh | |
| យុន | /yun/ | Yŭn | Yun | 尹 (Chinese "Yun") |
| យូ | /yuː/ | Yu | Yu, You | 尤 (Chinese "Yu") |
| រស់ | /rʊəh/ | Ruŏs | Ruos, Ruoh, Ros | to live |
| រួយ | /rʊəj/ | Ruŏy | Ruoy | |
| លន់ | /lun/ | Lón | Lon | |
| លិម | /lim/ | Lĭm | Lim, Lym | 林 (Chinese "Lin", meaning forest) |
| លី | /liː/ | Li | Li, Ly, Lee | |
| លីវ | /liːw/ | Liv | Liv | |
| លីម | /liːm/ | Lim | Lim | |
| វ៉ាង | /ʋaːŋ/ | Vang | Vang | |
| វង្ស | /ʋuŋ/ | Vóng | Vong | Circle, line of descent. Derived from the Sanskrit word vansha (वंश) meaning lineage. |
| ស | /sɑː/ | Sâ | Sa, Sar, Sor | White |
| សង | /sɑːŋ/ | Sâng | Sang, Song | Payback |
| សន | /sɑːn/ | Sân | San, Sorn | |
| ស៊ន | /sɔːn/ | Sôn | Son, Sorn | |
| សម | /sɑm/ | Sám | Sam, Som | |
| សរ | /sɑːØ/ | Sâ | Sa, Sar, Sor | |
| សាង | /saːŋ/ | Sang | Sang | 常 (Variation of Chinese "Chang") |
| សាត | /saːt/ | Sat | Sat | |
| សាន | /saːn/ | San | San | |
| សាន់ | /san/ | Săn | San | |
| សាយ | /saːj/ | Say | Say | |
| សិន | /sən/ | Sĕn | Sen, Sin | 森; (Forest) |
| សឺន | /səɨn/ | Sœn | Soen, Seun, Son | |
| សុខ | /sok/ | Sŏk | Sok | the most common Khmer surname, from Sanskrit sukha (सुख) meaning joy or happiness |
| សុង | /soŋ/ | Sŏng | Song | |
| សុន | /son/ | Sŏn | Son | |
| ស៊ុន | /sun/ | Sŭn | Sun | |
| ស៊ុយ | /suj/ | Sŭy | Suy | 隋 (Sui Dynasty) |
| សូ | /soː/ | So | So | 蘇/苏 (Chinese "Sū") |
| ស៊ូ | /suː/ | Su | Su | 蘇/苏 (Chinese "Sū") |
| សួន | /suən/ | Suŏn | Suon | Garden |
| សឿង | /sɨəŋ/ | Sœăng | Soeang | |
| សៀង | /siəŋ/ | Siĕng | Sieng, Seang | Soy or Shang (From Shang Hai City) |
| សេង | /seːŋ/ | Séng | Seng | 常 (Variation of Chinese "Chang").
孫 Or from Chinese "Sun" Or 成 meaning "to succeed" |
| សេន | seːn | Sén | Sen | Cent |
| សោម | /saom/ | Saôm | Saom, Som | from Sanskrit soma (सोम) meaning moon or sky |
| សៅ | /saw/ | Sau | Sau, Sao | |
| ហាក់ | /hak/ | Hăk | Hak | |
| ហុង | /hoŋ/ | Hŏng | Hong | from Chinese 洪 "Hong" meaning water or flood listed 184th among the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames |
| ហ៊ុន | /hun/ | Hŭn | Hun | money investment, share (of stocks)[12] Possibly from 份 ("Hun" in Hokkien) meaning "share, portion." Or from 芬 meaning "fragrance" |
| ហូ | /hou/ | Ho | Ho | 胡 (Chinese "Hu") |
| ហេង | /heːŋ/ | Héng | Heng | |
| ឡាយ | /laːj/ | Lay | Lay | 來/来 (Chinese "Lai", meaning Come) |
| ឡុង | /loŋ/ | Lŏng | Long | 龍/龙 (Chinese "Long", meaning dragon) |
| អាង | /ʔaːŋ/ | Ang | Ang | 吳/吴 (Cantonese variation of surname "Wu") |
| អិម | /ʔim/ | Ĕm | Em, Im, Yim | 任 (Hakka Chinese 'jim5') |
| អុង | /ʔoŋ/ | Ŏng | Ong | 王 (Chinese "Wang" (pronounced Ong in Hokkien dialect), meaning king) |
| អ៊ុច | /ʔuc/ | Ŭch | Uch | To Light |
| អ៊ុយ | /ʔuj/ | Ŭy | Uy | |
| អៀម | /ʔiəm/ | Iĕm | Iem, Eam, Iam | |
| អៀវ | /ʔiew/ | Iĕv | Iev, Eav, Eaw | 楊 (Chinese "Yang") |
| អ៊ុំ | /ʔum/ | Ŭm | Um | Aunt (A parent's older brother or sister) |
| ឯក | /ʔaek/ | Êk | Ek, Aek | Self, Single; from Sanskrit eka (एक) |
| ឱ | /ʔaːo/ | Aô | Ao, Or | |
| ឱក | /ʔaːok/ | Aô | Aok | 玉 (Jade) |
| ឱម | /ʔaːom/ | Aôm | Aom, Om | 嚴/严 (Chinese "Yan") |
List of given names
 | This section is missing information about Khmer script and IPA names. (April 2015) |
Unlike Khmer family names, given names may have multiple syllables and differ greatly. Given names were influenced greatly by Sanskrit.
| Khmer | IPA | UNGEGN | Revised | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| បទុម | /ɓɔtum/ | Bôtŭm | Botum | means lotus |
| ចន្ថា | /cɑntʰaː/ | Chăntha | Chantha | |
| ជា | /ciə/ | Chéa | Chea | good health |
| ជាតា | /ciətaː/ | Chéata | Cheata | (chea-tah) meaning birth, nation, origin |
| ឆេង | /cʰeːŋ/ | Chhéng | Chheng | 鄭/郑 (Variation of Chinese "Zheng") |
| ឈៀង | /cʰiəŋ/ | Chhiĕng | Chhieng | 常 (Chinese "Chang") |
| តា | /ɗaː/ | Da | Da | 大 (Similar to Chinese "Da" but not related; Khmer meaning for "elder man") |
| តារា | /ɗaːraː/ | Dara | Dara | Sanskrit, meaning star |
| ឡេង | /leːŋ/ | Léng | Leng | 梁 (Chinese "Liang") |
| ណារ៉ុង | /naːroŋ/ | Narŏng | Narong | |
| និមល | /nimul/ | Nĭmól | Nimol | Which is without doubt, without blemish, always happy |
| ភួង | /pʰuəŋ/ | Phuŏng | Phuong | (poong) name of a kind of flower |
| សារឿន | /saːrɨən/ | Sarœăn | Saroean, Saroeun | |
| ស្រី | /srəj/ | Srei | Srei, Srey | means girl; from the Sanskrit strī́ [स्त्री] |
| សន | /sɑn/ | Sân | San, Son, Sorn | (sawn): 孫/孙 (Variation of Chinese "Sun") |
| បុប្ផា | /ɓopʰaː/ | Bŏpha | Bopha | (bo-pha): Meaning flower or blossom |
| បុរី | /ɓorəj/ | Bŏrei | Borei, Borey | |
| ចិន្ដា | /cənɗaː/ | Chĕnda | Chenda | (chen-dah): Meaning heart or mind |
| ឈួន | /cʰuən/ | Chhuŏn | Chhuon | (choo-en) |
| ខាន់ | /kʰan/ | Khăn | Khan | (kahn) |
| កុសល | /kosɑl/ | Kŏsál | Kosal | (ko-sahl): Meaning good deed |
| គុន្ធា | /kuntʰiə/ | Kŭnthéa | Kunthea | (kun-thea): Means "sweet-smelling" or "good deed" |
| ឡាយ | /laːj/ | Lay | Lay | (lah-ee): 賴/赖 (Chinese "Lai") |
| លំអង | /lumˈɑŋ/ | Lum-âng | Lum-ang, Lum Ang | (loom-ang): 倫/伦 (Variations of Chinese "Lun" and "Wu") |
| ម៉ាលី | /maːliː/ | Mali | Mali, Maly | (mahlee) |
| ម៉ី | /məj/ | Mei | Mei, Mey | (mae) "妹" (Chinese "mèi" meaning "youngest" sister or "little" sister) |
| ម៉ាប់ | /map/ | Măp | Map | (mahp): Mập ("Fat" or "Chubby") |
| ណារី | /naːriː/ | Nari | Nari, Nary | |
| បញ្ញា | /paɲˈɲaː/ | Pănha | Panha, Pagna | meaning "smart", "intelligent" |
| ពិសិដ្ឋ | /pisɨt/ | Pĭsĕt | Piset, Piseth | |
| ផល្លា | /pʰɑllaː/ | Phálla | Phalla | (pah-lah): Meaning fruit (फल्ला) in Pali |
| ភារៈ | /pʰiərĕəʔ/ | Phéareăk | Pheareak | (phi-raek) |
| ភិរុណ | /pʰirun/ | Phĭrŭn | Phirun | (phi-run): Means "rain" in Khmer, from the name of a rain god in the mythologies of southeast Asia. The god's name is possibly derived from Varuna. |
| ពៅ | /pɨw/ | Pŏu | Pou, Pov | (pohew): youngest (sibling) |
| រស្មី | /rĕəʔsməj/ | Reăksmei | Reaksmei, Reaksmey | |
| រិទ្ធិ | /rɨt/ | Rĭt | Rit, Rith | (rit) meaning power |
| រី | /riː/ | Ri | Ri, Ry | (ree) |
| សម្បត្តិ | /sɑmˈɓat/ | Sámbăt | Sambat, Sambath | |
| សម្ផស្ស | /sɑmˈpʰŏəh/ | Sámphoăs | Samphoas, Samphors | meaning "beauty" |
| សំណាង | /sɑmˈnaːŋ/ | Sâmnang | Samnang | luck |
| សារិទ្ធ | /saːrɨt/ | Sarĭt | Sarit, Sarith | (sahrit) |
| សុខា | /sokʰaː/ | Sŏkha | Sokha | |
| សុធា | /sotʰiə/ | Sŏthéa | Sothea | |
| សុផល | /sopʰɑl/ | Sŏphál | Sophal | (sohpahl): (More popular Khmer names) |
| សុផាត | /sopʰɑt/ | Sŏphát | Sophat | |
| សុភា | /sopʰiə/ | Sŏphéa | Sophea | (so-pia): Means "wisdom" |
| សុភាព | /sopʰiəp/ | Sŏphéap | Sopheap | (so-piap): Means "gentle or proper" |
| សួន | /suən/ | Suŏn | Suon | (soo-in): meaning garden |
| ទី | /tiː/ | Ti | Ti, Ty | |
| វណ្ណា | /ʋannaː/ | Vănna | Vanna | (van-nah): gold, golden, from Sanskrit varṇa (वर्ण) |
| វាសនា | /ʋiəˈsnaː/ | Véasna | Veasna | (vea-snah): Means opportunity, good fortune, or fate. |
| វិបុល | /ʋibo/ | Vĭbŏl | Vibol | (vee-bol): Means abundant, large, vast |
| វុឌ្ឍី | /ʋuttʰiː/ | Vutthi | Vuthi, Vuthy | (voo-tee): meaning prosperity. Derived from the Pali word vuddhi (वुद्धि) of the same meaning.[12] |
Compound names
At times, many families combine shorter names to create a longer name. This happens often among the wealthier class of Cambodians.
- Sovanna (Combined "So" and "Vanna") means gold in Sanskrit
- Somally (Combined "So" and "Maly")
- Chandarith (Combined "Chanda" and "Rith")
See also
- Cambodian Names Asian name pronunciation guide
References
- ^ a b c "Naming systems of the world" Archived 2008-04-23 at the Wayback Machine (self-published). Citing Huffman, Franklin Eugene. Cambodian names and titles. Institute of Far Eastern Languages, Yale University (1968). OCLC 20035170.
- ^ a b Short, Philip. Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare. Macmillan (2006), p xv. ISBN 0-8050-8006-6.
- ^ Kershaw, Roger. Monarchy in South-East Asia: The Faces of Tradition in Transition. Routledge (2001), p xiv. ISBN 0-415-18531-9.
- ^ Huy, Vannak (2003). THE KHMER ROUGE DIVISION 703: From Victory to Self-destruction. Phnom Penh: Documentation Center of Cambodia. pp. 6 (note 1). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.139.6706.
- ^ Ueki, Kaori (2011). "PROSODY AND INTONATION OF WESTERN CHAM" (PDF). University of Hawaii. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Valerie Ooka Pang & Li-Rong Lilly Cheng. Struggling to Be Heard: The Unmet Needs of Asian Pacific American Children. SUNY Press (1998), p51. ISBN 0-7914-3839-2.
- ^ Asian American Community Mental Health Training Center. Bridging Cultures: Southeast Asian Refugees in America. University of Michigan (1983), p98. OCLC 10431338.
- ^ a b Mary Fong & Rueyling Chuang. Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity. Rowman & Littlefield (2003), p40. ISBN 0-7425-1739-X.
- ^ Khmer Institute
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-05. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "What Language Does He Speak? Asian Last Name Guide" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d Headley, Robert K. "SEAlang Library Khmer", SEAlang Library, 05/14/2018