Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party: Difference between revisions
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In 1907, the party adopted the policy of extraterritorial national-cultural autonomy, that an individual would enjoy cultural and national autonomy no matter where in the Empire he/she would reside.<ref>Suny, Ronald Grigor. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC The making of the Georgian nation]''. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 176</ref> |
In 1907, the party adopted the policy of extraterritorial national-cultural autonomy, that an individual would enjoy cultural and national autonomy no matter where in the Empire he/she would reside.<ref>Suny, Ronald Grigor. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC The making of the Georgian nation]''. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 176</ref> |
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After the [[1917 October Revolution]], the party formed an anti-Soviet bloc along with the [[Social Democratic Party of Georgia|Georgian Mensheviks]], the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] ("Dashnaks") and the [[Azerbaijan|Azeri]] [[Musavat Party]]. The bloc received support from [[Germany]] and [[Turkey]], and later, by the Anglo-French interventionists.<ref name="lenin"/> In the [[1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election]], the list of the party obtained 22,754 votes (0.93% of the votes in the [[Transcaucasus electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)|Transcaucasus electoral district]]).<ref name="Suny2019">{{cite book|author=Ronald Grigor Suny|title=The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1mYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA178|date=12 March 2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-65703-5|page=177-178}}</ref><ref name=Swietochowski2004/> |
After the [[1917 October Revolution]], the party formed an anti-Soviet bloc along with the [[Social Democratic Party of Georgia|Georgian Mensheviks]], the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] ("Dashnaks") and the [[Azerbaijan|Azeri]] [[Musavat Party]]. The bloc received support from [[Germany]] and [[Turkey]], and later, by the Anglo-French interventionists.<ref name="lenin"/> In the [[1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election]], the list of the party obtained 22,754 votes (0.93% of the votes in the [[Transcaucasus electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)|Transcaucasus electoral district]]).<ref name="Suny2019">{{cite book|author=Ronald Grigor Suny|title=The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1mYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA178|date=12 March 2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-65703-5|page=177-178}}</ref><ref name=Swietochowski2004>{{cite book|author=Tadeusz Swietochowski|title=Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cozSOSsv7ZsC&pg=PA107|date=7 June 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52245-8|page=107}}</ref> |
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The party later formed the [[Committee for Independence of Georgia]] with the [[National Democratic Party (Georgia)|National Democrats]] and Mensheviks, and attempted to launch an armed uprising against Soviet power in October 1923.<ref>''[http://www.osaarchivum.org/updates/2001/recenthistory/doc/2002/StruggleGeorgian/Georg.rtf Struggle of the Georgian people against communist regime] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002133846/http://www.osaarchivum.org/updates/2001/recenthistory/doc/2002/StruggleGeorgian/Georg.rtf |date=2011-10-02 }}''</ref> |
The party later formed the [[Committee for Independence of Georgia]] with the [[National Democratic Party (Georgia)|National Democrats]] and Mensheviks, and attempted to launch an armed uprising against Soviet power in October 1923.<ref>''[http://www.osaarchivum.org/updates/2001/recenthistory/doc/2002/StruggleGeorgian/Georg.rtf Struggle of the Georgian people against communist regime] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002133846/http://www.osaarchivum.org/updates/2001/recenthistory/doc/2002/StruggleGeorgian/Georg.rtf |date=2011-10-02 }}''</ref> |
Revision as of 13:21, 15 August 2021
Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party საქართველოს სოციალისტ-ფედერალისტთა სარევოლუციო პარტია | |
---|---|
Leader | Iosif Baratov |
Gegründet | April 1904 |
Dissolved | September 1924 |
Newspaper | Sakartvelo |
Ideology | Federalism Georgian nationalism |
Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919) | 8 / 130
|
The Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party was a bourgeois-nationalist party in Georgia, founded in April 1904. The party demanded national autonomy for Georgia within the framework of the Russian bourgeois-landlord state.[1] Mainly based in the rural areas, the party's membership was almost entirely drawn from the peasantry and the petty gentry.[2] The political profile of the party had an appeal amongst moderately nationalist intellectuals, schoolteachers and students.[3] The party strived that agricultural issues not be decided by central authorities, but by autonomous national institutions.[2] The party published the periodical Sakartvelo (the Georgian term for "Georgia").[4]
According to Boris Souvarine, the party accepted arms from Japan to fight against the Russian state during the Russo-Japanese war. The party was one of very few oppositional groups in the Russian empire to accept such aid.[5] The party conducted a series of robberies in the Caucasus. In April 1906 the party managed to rob the Dusheti treasury, taking a bounty of 315,000 rubles.[6] The bulk of the stolen money stayed with Kereselizde, the organizer of the robbery, who took it with him as he went into exile.[6] In November 1904, the party took part in a conference of oppositional groups in Paris, where the 'Paris agreement' of struggle against autocracy was adopted. The party was represented at the conference by Dekanozov and Gabuniya. Other participating organizations were the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, the Polish Socialist Party, the Polish National League, the Finnish Party of Active Resistance, the Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the Union of Liberation. The conference adopted a declaration called for the establishment of a democratic regime in Russia (although not specifying if it was to be monarchic or republican), but could not agree on the formation of a joint central bureau for the oppositional forces.[7][8] In April 1905, the Socialist-Federalists, the Socialist Union of White Russia and several of the groups that had participated in the Paris conference (Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Finnish Party of Active Resistance, Latvian Social Democratic Workers Union) met in Geneva and formed the General Fighting Committee, striving to establish constituent assemblies for Russia, Poland and Finland.[9][10]
In the first Duma election, the Socialist-Federalist Iosif Baratov won a seat from Tiflis.[11] The party had formed an electoral bloc ahead of the polls, together with the Georgian Democratic Party and the Radical Party.[12] Later, the party was able to capture the majority seats from Georgia in the Second Duma.[13]
In 1907, the party adopted the policy of extraterritorial national-cultural autonomy, that an individual would enjoy cultural and national autonomy no matter where in the Empire he/she would reside.[14]
After the 1917 October Revolution, the party formed an anti-Soviet bloc along with the Georgian Mensheviks, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnaks") and the Azeri Musavat Party. The bloc received support from Germany and Turkey, and later, by the Anglo-French interventionists.[1] In the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, the list of the party obtained 22,754 votes (0.93% of the votes in the Transcaucasus electoral district).[15][16]
The party later formed the Committee for Independence of Georgia with the National Democrats and Mensheviks, and attempted to launch an armed uprising against Soviet power in October 1923.[17]
References
- ^ a b Lenin, V.I.. A Contribution to the History of the National Programme in Austria and in Russia (1914)
- ^ a b Luxemburg, Rosa. The National Question (1909)
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor. The making of the Georgian nation. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 165
- ^ National Parliamentary Library of Georgia: Zurab Avalishvili – a famous Georgian scientist, historian, – was reburied in Georgia
- ^ Souvarine, Boris (1939). Stalin : a critical survey of Bolshevism (1st ed.). New York: Alliance Book Corporation/Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 69–70. Retrieved 14 May 2020., also for transcribed edition: Marxists
- ^ a b Geifman, Anna. Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894–1917. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. pp. 159-160
- ^ Lenin, V.I.. The New Senate Interpretation (1906)
- ^ Galaĭ, Shmuėl. The Liberation Movement in Russia, 1900-1905. Soviet and East European studies. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press, 1973. pp. 216-217
- ^ "MANY PARTIES COMBINE TO STRIKE AT THE CZAR; Revolutionary Organizations Form a Fighting Committee. GENEVA ITS HEADQUARTERS Gopon a Leading Spirit -- Constituent Assemblies for Russia, Poland, and Finland Demanded". The New York Times. 7 May 1905.
- ^ http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/8055/1/KJ00000034012.pdf
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor. The making of the Georgian nation. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 173
- ^ Jones, Stephen F. Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883-1917. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005. p. 200
- ^ Jones, Stephen F. Socialism in Georgian Colors: The European Road to Social Democracy, 1883-1917. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005. p. 211
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor. The making of the Georgian nation. Studies of nationalities in the USSR. Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Pr, 1988. p. 176
- ^ Ronald Grigor Suny (12 March 2019). The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution. Princeton University Press. p. 177-178. ISBN 978-0-691-65703-5.
- ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski (7 June 2004). Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-521-52245-8.
- ^ Struggle of the Georgian people against communist regime Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
- 1904 establishments in the Russian Empire
- Defunct political parties in Georgia (country)
- Federalist parties
- Georgian nationalism
- Political parties of the Russian Revolution
- Political parties established in 1904
- Political parties of minorities in Imperial Russia
- Pro-independence parties in the Soviet Union
- Socialist parties in Georgia (country)