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==History and profile==
==History and profile==
''Objetivo'' was founded in 1953.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Fernando Ramos Arenas|title=Film Clubs and Film Cultural Policies in Spain and the GDR around 1960|journal=Communication and Society|date=2017|volume=30|issue=1|url=https://doi.org/10.15581/003.30.1.1-15|doi=10.15581/003.30.1.1-15|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="sma">{{cite book|author=S. Marsh|title=Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBSFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|date=15 December 2005|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-0-230-51187-3|page=207}}</ref> Based in Madrid, the first issue of the magazine appeared in July 1953.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jo Labanyi|title=A Companion to Spanish Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oxXCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA456|accessdate=4 February 2017|date=21 December 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-17013-6|page=456}}</ref> ''Objetivo'' was modeled on Italian film magazine ''[[Cinema Nuovo]]''.<ref name="mad"/> The founders were [[Luis Garcia Berlanga]] and [[Juan Antonio Bardem]].<ref name=sma/> They were both influenced from [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name=sma/> The financier of the magazine was José Ángel Ezcurra, who owned a cultural and political magazine entitled ''[[Triunfo (Spain)|Triunfo]]''.<ref name="ntt"/>
''Objetivo'' was founded in 1953.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Fernando Ramos Arenas|title=Film Clubs and Film Cultural Policies in Spain and the GDR around 1960|journal=Communication and Society|date=2017|volume=30|issue=1|url=https://doi.org/10.15581/003.30.1.1-15|doi=10.15581/003.30.1.1-15|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="sma">{{cite book|author=S. Marsh|title=Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBSFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207|date=15 December 2005|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-0-230-51187-3|page=207}}</ref> Based in Madrid, the first issue of the magazine appeared in July 1953.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jo Labanyi|title=A Companion to Spanish Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oxXCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA456|date=21 December 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-17013-6|page=456}}</ref> ''Objetivo'' was modeled on Italian film magazine ''[[Cinema Nuovo]]''.<ref name="mad"/> The founders were [[Luis Garcia Berlanga]] and [[Juan Antonio Bardem]].<ref name=sma/> They were both influenced from [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name=sma/> The financier of the magazine was José Ángel Ezcurra, who owned a cultural and political magazine entitled ''[[Triunfo (Spain)|Triunfo]]''.<ref name="ntt"/>


''Objetivo'' did not conform to [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s [[cultural politics]].<ref name="vir"/> The magazine adopted a [[Social realism|social realist]] approach, which was concerned with the highest ideal of cinema.<ref name="mad"/> It mostly featured articles about [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name="vir">{{cite book|author=Virginia Higginbotham|title=Spanish Film Under Franco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4K2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|date=27 January 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-76147-6|page=25}}</ref><ref name="ros">{{cite book|author=Rosanna Maule|title=Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbC8vKJgbRYC&pg=PA37|year=2008|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-204-5|page=37}}</ref> It did not covered [[Hollywood films]], but contained articles on independent American films.<ref name="mad"/> Eduardo Ducay published [[film critics]] in ''Objetivo''.<ref name="mdl">{{cite book|author=Marvin D'Lugo|title=Guide to the Cinema of Spain|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug|url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29474-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug/page/147 147]}}</ref> The other significant contributors included [[Ricardo Muñoz Suay]] and Paulino Garagorri.<ref name="mad"/> The magazine folded in 1956<ref name=ros/> after publishing just nine issues<ref name=vir/> due to the crackdown of the Francoist State.<ref name=mad/><ref name=mdl/>
''Objetivo'' did not conform to [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s [[cultural politics]].<ref name="vir"/> The magazine adopted a [[Social realism|social realist]] approach, which was concerned with the highest ideal of cinema.<ref name="mad"/> It mostly featured articles about [[Italian neorealism]].<ref name="vir">{{cite book|author=Virginia Higginbotham|title=Spanish Film Under Franco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4K2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|date=27 January 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-76147-6|page=25}}</ref><ref name="ros">{{cite book|author=Rosanna Maule|title=Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbC8vKJgbRYC&pg=PA37|year=2008|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-204-5|page=37}}</ref> It did not covered [[Hollywood films]], but contained articles on independent American films.<ref name="mad"/> Eduardo Ducay published [[film critics]] in ''Objetivo''.<ref name="mdl">{{cite book|author=Marvin D'Lugo|title=Guide to the Cinema of Spain|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug|url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29474-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/guidetocinemaofs0000dlug/page/147 147]}}</ref> The other significant contributors included [[Ricardo Muñoz Suay]] and Paulino Garagorri.<ref name="mad"/> The magazine folded in 1956<ref name=ros/> after publishing just nine issues<ref name=vir/> due to the crackdown of the Francoist State.<ref name=mad/><ref name=mdl/>

Revision as of 19:23, 16 August 2021

Objetivo
KategorienFilm magazine
GründerLuis Garcia Berlanga
Juan Antonio Bardem
Gegründet1953
First issueJuly 1953
Final issue1956
LandSpanien
Based inMadrid
SpracheSpanish

Objetivo was a Spanish film magazine published between 1953 and 1956 in Madrid, Spain. The magazine was one of the significant publications, which contributed to the struggle for censorship-free cinema in Francoist Spain.[1] Spanish author Marvin D'Lugo argues that the magazine was very influential during its lifetime despite its short existence and lower levels of circulation.[2]

History and profile

Objetivo was founded in 1953.[3][4] Based in Madrid, the first issue of the magazine appeared in July 1953.[5] Objetivo was modeled on Italian film magazine Cinema Nuovo.[2] The founders were Luis Garcia Berlanga and Juan Antonio Bardem.[4] They were both influenced from Italian neorealism.[4] The financier of the magazine was José Ángel Ezcurra, who owned a cultural and political magazine entitled Triunfo.[1]

Objetivo did not conform to Franco's cultural politics.[6] The magazine adopted a social realist approach, which was concerned with the highest ideal of cinema.[2] It mostly featured articles about Italian neorealism.[6][7] It did not covered Hollywood films, but contained articles on independent American films.[2] Eduardo Ducay published film critics in Objetivo.[8] The other significant contributors included Ricardo Muñoz Suay and Paulino Garagorri.[2] The magazine folded in 1956[7] after publishing just nine issues[6] due to the crackdown of the Francoist State.[2][8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nuria Triana-Toribio (2014). "Film Cultures in Spain's Transition: The "Other" Transition in the Film Magazine Nuevo Fotogramas (1968-1978)". Cultural Studies. 15 (4). doi:10.1080/14636204.2014.991486.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Marvin D'Lugo (1991). The Films of Carlos Saura: The Practice of Seeing. Princeton University Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-691-00855-8.
  3. ^ Fernando Ramos Arenas (2017). "Film Clubs and Film Cultural Policies in Spain and the GDR around 1960". Communication and Society. 30 (1). doi:10.15581/003.30.1.1-15.
  4. ^ a b c S. Marsh (15 December 2005). Popular Spanish Film Under Franco: Comedy and the Weakening of the State. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-230-51187-3.
  5. ^ Jo Labanyi (21 December 2015). A Companion to Spanish Cinema. John Wiley & Sons. p. 456. ISBN 978-1-119-17013-6.
  6. ^ a b c Virginia Higginbotham (27 January 2014). Spanish Film Under Franco. University of Texas Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-292-76147-6.
  7. ^ a b Rosanna Maule (2008). Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s. Intellect Books. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-84150-204-5.
  8. ^ a b Marvin D'Lugo (1997). Guide to the Cinema of Spain. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-313-29474-7.
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