COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Difference between revisions
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The first case of the '''COVID-19 pandemic in New York City''' was confirmed on March 1, 2020, though later research showed the virus had been circulating in [[New York City]] since January, with cases of community transmission confirmed as early as February. By March 29, over 30,000 cases were confirmed, and New York City had become the worst-affected area [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|in the United States]]. There were over 2,000 deaths by April 6; at that stage, the city had more confirmed coronavirus cases than [[COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China|China]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|U.K.]], or [[COVID-19 pandemic in Iran|Iran]]. Bodies of the deceased were picked up from their homes by the [[US Army]], [[National Guard]], and [[Air National Guard]]. |
The first case of the '''COVID-19 pandemic in New York City''' was confirmed on March 1, 2020, though later research showed the virus had been circulating in [[New York City]] since January, with cases of community transmission confirmed as early as February. By March 29, over 30,000 cases were confirmed, and New York City had become the worst-affected area [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|in the United States]]. There were over 2,000 deaths by April 6; at that stage, the city had more confirmed coronavirus cases than [[COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China|China]], the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|U.K.]], or [[COVID-19 pandemic in Iran|Iran]]. Bodies of the deceased were picked up from their homes by the [[US Army]], [[National Guard]], and [[Air National Guard]]. |
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On March 20, the governor's office issued an [[executive order]] closing "non-essential" businesses. The city's [[transportation in New York City|public transportation system]] remained open, but service was substantially reduced. By April, hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers were out of work, with lost tax revenues estimated to run into the billions of dollars. Low-income jobs in the retail, transportation, and restaurant sectors were especially affected. |
On March 20, the governor's office issued an [[executive order]] closing "non-essential" businesses. The city's [[transportation in New York City|public transportation system]] remained open, but service was substantially reduced. By April, hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers were out of work, with lost tax revenues estimated to run into the billions of dollars. Low-income jobs in the retail, transportation, and restaurant sectors were especially affected. Over the course of the year, average residential and commercial rents both declined more than 10% in Manhattan, and vacancies surged. |
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The first phase of reopening began in June 2020 with reduced occupancy ceilings. Schools reopened in September. The police department was ordered to enforce public health measures and conduct emergency inspections at private schools. Spikes in infection rates were observed in some neighborhoods, prompting tighter restrictions in [[ZIP code]]s that were identified as "cluster" areas. Public schools were closed again to in-person learning in November, as the seven-day rolling average positivity rate continued to rise over 3%. Indoor dining was suspended again on December 14. [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccinations]] began at nursing homes on December 21. Public health researchers estimated that 44% of metro New York residents had been infected by December 31. |
The first phase of reopening began in June 2020 with reduced occupancy ceilings. Schools reopened in September. The police department was ordered to enforce public health measures and conduct emergency inspections at private schools. Spikes in infection rates were observed in some neighborhoods, prompting tighter restrictions in [[ZIP code]]s that were identified as "cluster" areas. Public schools were closed again to in-person learning in November, as the seven-day rolling average positivity rate continued to rise over 3%. Indoor dining was suspended again on December 14. [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccinations]] began at nursing homes on December 21. Public health researchers estimated that 44% of all metro New York residents had been infected by December 31. |
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Face masks in public areas were mandated throughout New York State by an executive order on April 15, 2020. The ongoing [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] is the [[List of disasters in New York City by death toll|deadliest disaster by death toll]] in the history of New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Data Main - NYC Health|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=www1.nyc.gov|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605150657/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Flu Epidemic of 1918|url=https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2018/3/1/the-flu-epidemic-of-1918|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=NYC Department of Records & Information Services|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200719/https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2018/3/1/the-flu-epidemic-of-1918|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS - 2017 - THE CITY OF NEW YORK|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2017sum.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200639/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2017sum.pdf|archive-date=November 16, 2020}}</ref> {{As of|2021|8|13|df=US}}, confirmed deaths exceeded 28,000 and probable deaths exceeded 5,000.<ref name="nyc_gov_data" /> |
Face masks in public areas were mandated throughout New York State by an executive order on April 15, 2020. The ongoing [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] is the [[List of disasters in New York City by death toll|deadliest disaster by death toll]] in the history of New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Data Main - NYC Health|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=www1.nyc.gov|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605150657/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Flu Epidemic of 1918|url=https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2018/3/1/the-flu-epidemic-of-1918|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=NYC Department of Records & Information Services|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200719/https://www.archives.nyc/blog/2018/3/1/the-flu-epidemic-of-1918|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS - 2017 - THE CITY OF NEW YORK|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2017sum.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200639/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vs/2017sum.pdf|archive-date=November 16, 2020}}</ref> {{As of|2021|8|13|df=US}}, confirmed deaths exceeded 28,000 and probable deaths exceeded 5,000.<ref name="nyc_gov_data" /> |
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The first case of [[COVID-19]] was confirmed in [[New York State]] on March 1, 2020, in a 39-year-old [[health care worker]] who had returned home to [[Manhattan]] from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Iran|Iran]] on February 25.<ref name="nyti_Coro">{{Cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Joseph|last2=McKinley|first2=Jesse|title=Coronavirus in N.Y.: Manhattan Woman Is First Confirmed Case in State|work=The New York Times|date=March 1, 2020|page=A24|access-date=March 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/nyregion/new-york-coronvirus-confirmed.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302012003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/nyregion/new-york-coronvirus-confirmed.html|archive-date=March 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="npr._NewY">{{cite web|title=New York City, U.S. Epicenter, Braces For Peak|work=NPR|date=March 24, 2020|access-date=March 26, 2020|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/24/820610818/new-york-city-u-s-epicenter-braces-for-peak|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326185342/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/24/820610818/new-york-city-u-s-epicenter-braces-for-peak|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Genomic analyses suggest the disease had been introduced to New York as early as January, and that most cases were linked to Europe, rather than Asia.<ref name=EuropeanOrigin/> |
The first case of [[COVID-19]] was confirmed in [[New York State]] on March 1, 2020, in a 39-year-old [[health care worker]] who had returned home to [[Manhattan]] from [[COVID-19 pandemic in Iran|Iran]] on February 25.<ref name="nyti_Coro">{{Cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Joseph|last2=McKinley|first2=Jesse|title=Coronavirus in N.Y.: Manhattan Woman Is First Confirmed Case in State|work=The New York Times|date=March 1, 2020|page=A24|access-date=March 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/nyregion/new-york-coronvirus-confirmed.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302012003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/nyregion/new-york-coronvirus-confirmed.html|archive-date=March 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="npr._NewY">{{cite web|title=New York City, U.S. Epicenter, Braces For Peak|work=NPR|date=March 24, 2020|access-date=March 26, 2020|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/24/820610818/new-york-city-u-s-epicenter-braces-for-peak|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326185342/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/24/820610818/new-york-city-u-s-epicenter-braces-for-peak|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Genomic analyses suggest the disease had been introduced to New York as early as January, and that most cases were linked to Europe, rather than Asia.<ref name=EuropeanOrigin/> |
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A Queens man contracted COVID-19 via community transmission in late February, falling ill on February 29.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/officially-nyc-had-one-covid-19-case-new-research-suggests-it-was-actually-10000|title= |
A Queens man contracted COVID-19 via community transmission in late February, falling ill on February 29.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/officially-nyc-had-one-covid-19-case-new-research-suggests-it-was-actually-10000|title=Officially, NYC Had One COVID-19 Case. New Research Suggests It Was Actually 10,000 |first=Caroline |last=Lewis |work=Gothamist |date=April 24, 2020|access-date=June 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506174005/https://gothamist.com/news/officially-nyc-had-one-covid-19-case-new-research-suggests-it-was-actually-10000|archive-date=May 6, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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=== March 2020 === |
=== March 2020 === |
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[[File:Interim MTA NYCT President Sarah Feinberg's First Day (49639838632).jpg|thumb|[[New York City Subway]] passengers on March 9, when there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in New York City, with NYC Transit Interim President [[Sarah Feinberg]] on the right]] |
[[File:Interim MTA NYCT President Sarah Feinberg's First Day (49639838632).jpg|thumb|[[New York City Subway]] passengers on March 9, when there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in New York City, with NYC Transit Interim President [[Sarah Feinberg]] on the right]] |
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On March 3, New York Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] announced that the first recorded case of person-to-person spread in New York State had been confirmed via a [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]] man who was working at a law firm within [[One Grand Central Place]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Millman|first1=Jennifer|title=Midtown Lawyer Positive for Coronavirus Is NY's 1st Case of Person-to-Person Spread|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/westchester-county-man-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nys-1st-possible-community-spread-case-gov-cuomo/2310134/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304161349/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/westchester-county-man-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nys-1st-possible-community-spread-case-gov-cuomo/2310134/|archive-date=March 4, 2020|access-date=March 4, 2020|publisher=WNBC-4 New York|date=March 3, 2020}}</ref> Six days later, on March 9, Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced that there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/03/09/new-york-city-coronavirus-case-numbers-health-update|title=Mayor: 16 Coronavirus Cases Confirmed in City|website=ny1.com|language=en|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502091119/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/03/09/new-york-city-coronavirus-case-numbers-health-update|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On March 3, New York Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] announced that the first recorded case of person-to-person spread in New York State had been confirmed via a [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]] man who was working at a law firm within [[One Grand Central Place]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Millman|first1=Jennifer|title=Midtown Lawyer Positive for Coronavirus Is NY's 1st Case of Person-to-Person Spread|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/westchester-county-man-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nys-1st-possible-community-spread-case-gov-cuomo/2310134/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304161349/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/westchester-county-man-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-nys-1st-possible-community-spread-case-gov-cuomo/2310134/|archive-date=March 4, 2020|access-date=March 4, 2020|publisher=WNBC-4 New York|date=March 3, 2020}}</ref> Six days later, on March 9, Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced that there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/03/09/new-york-city-coronavirus-case-numbers-health-update|title=Mayor: 16 Coronavirus Cases Confirmed in City|website=ny1.com|language=en|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502091119/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/03/09/new-york-city-coronavirus-case-numbers-health-update|url-status=live}}</ref> Cuomo announced a New Rochelle "containment area" on March 10,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/us/new-rochelle-attorney-containment-area/ |title=New York officials traced more than 50 coronavirus cases back to one attorney |first1=Sheena |last1=Jones |first2=Christina |last2=Maxouris |publisher=CNN |date=March 11, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> and the [[World Health Organization]] declared a global [[COVID–19 pandemic]] on March 11.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 |title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 |first=Tedros |last=Adhanom |publisher=World Health Organization |date=March 11, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> |
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The virus then grew exponentially; by March 25, over 17,800 cases had been confirmed in New York City, with 199 deaths.<ref name="nyti_DeBl">{{Cite news|date=March 25, 2020|title=De Blasio Calls Stimulus Deal's Treatment of N.Y.C. 'Immoral'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325112712/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html#link-17e20485|archive-date=March 25, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the city's [[infection rate]] was five times higher than the rest of the country, and its cases were one-third of total confirmed US cases.<ref>{{cite news|last=Perlstein|first=Mike|url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/perl-stats-story/289-f2e70da4-3e5b-48b5-8684-a0dd5dc0361d|title=New Orleans is second only to Seattle in COVID-19 cases per capita|date=March 16, 2020|newspaper=4WWL|access-date=March 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317192439/https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/perl-stats-story/289-f2e70da4-3e5b-48b5-8684-a0dd5dc0361d|archive-date=March 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The reasons for the high infection rate continue to be discussed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/03/coronavirus-new-york-coronavirus-hit-nyc-hard-12504210/|title=Coronavirus New York: Why has coronavirus hit NYC so hard?|date=April 3, 2020|publisher=Metro|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502112056/https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/03/coronavirus-new-york-coronavirus-hit-nyc-hard-12504210/|archive-date=May 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 27, infection in New York City surpassed 23,000, with 365 deaths. [[Queens]] was the worst-affected borough by number of deaths, with over a third of total deaths; the majority of the deceased had underlying health issues.<ref name="nyti_N.Y.">{{Cite news|date=March 26, 2020|title=N.Y.C. Death Toll Hits 365 as Case Count Tops 23,000|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328045217/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=March 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Between March 28 and 29, the number of deaths in New York City tripled from the previous 24-hour period; 222 people died of the virus, bringing the city's fatalities to 672, with 30,765 confirmed cases.<ref>{{cite news|authors=Jen Chung|title=Coronavirus Updates: 222 COVID-19 Deaths Reported In NYC Over 24 Hours|url=https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-222-coronavirus-deaths-nyc-over-24-hours|work=Gothamist|date=March 29, 2020|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329145514/https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-222-coronavirus-deaths-nyc-over-24-hours|archive-date=March 29, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
The virus then grew exponentially; by March 25, over 17,800 cases had been confirmed in New York City, with 199 deaths.<ref name="nyti_DeBl">{{Cite news|date=March 25, 2020|title=De Blasio Calls Stimulus Deal's Treatment of N.Y.C. 'Immoral'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325112712/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html#link-17e20485|archive-date=March 25, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, the city's [[infection rate]] was five times higher than the rest of the country, and its cases were one-third of total confirmed US cases.<ref>{{cite news|last=Perlstein|first=Mike|url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/perl-stats-story/289-f2e70da4-3e5b-48b5-8684-a0dd5dc0361d|title=New Orleans is second only to Seattle in COVID-19 cases per capita|date=March 16, 2020|newspaper=4WWL|access-date=March 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317192439/https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/perl-stats-story/289-f2e70da4-3e5b-48b5-8684-a0dd5dc0361d|archive-date=March 17, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The reasons for the high infection rate continue to be discussed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/03/coronavirus-new-york-coronavirus-hit-nyc-hard-12504210/|title=Coronavirus New York: Why has coronavirus hit NYC so hard?|date=April 3, 2020|publisher=Metro|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502112056/https://metro.co.uk/2020/04/03/coronavirus-new-york-coronavirus-hit-nyc-hard-12504210/|archive-date=May 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 27, infection in New York City surpassed 23,000, with 365 deaths. [[Queens]] was the worst-affected borough by number of deaths, with over a third of total deaths; the majority of the deceased had underlying health issues.<ref name="nyti_N.Y.">{{Cite news|date=March 26, 2020|title=N.Y.C. Death Toll Hits 365 as Case Count Tops 23,000|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328045217/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=March 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Between March 28 and 29, the number of deaths in New York City tripled from the previous 24-hour period; 222 people died of the virus, bringing the city's fatalities to 672, with 30,765 confirmed cases.<ref>{{cite news|authors=Jen Chung|title=Coronavirus Updates: 222 COVID-19 Deaths Reported In NYC Over 24 Hours|url=https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-222-coronavirus-deaths-nyc-over-24-hours|work=Gothamist|date=March 29, 2020|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329145514/https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-222-coronavirus-deaths-nyc-over-24-hours|archive-date=March 29, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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===May 2020=== |
===May 2020=== |
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On May 10, de Blasio said 38 children were known to be affected by an inflammatory syndrome believed to be linked to an immune response to COVID-19.<ref name=misc-11may/> Known as [[multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children]] (MIS-C), this life-threatening condition resembles [[Kawasaki disease]] and other pediatric inflammatory conditions, such as [[toxic shock syndrome]].<ref name=CDC2020>{{cite web|title=Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp|website=emergency.cdc.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=May 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515005515/https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp|archive-date=May 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Symptoms include high fevers that can last for days, rash, racing heart beat, changes in skin color, redness of the tongue, and severe abdominal pain.<ref name=misc-11may>{{Cite news|date=May 10, 2020|title=N.Y.C. Reports 38 Cases of Virus-Related Syndrome in Children|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511050103/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=May 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At least one child had died in New York City, and two additional deaths were reported statewide. The link with COVID-19 has not yet been proven.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6169496/|title=Coronavirus News: State health chief details symptoms of mystery syndrome in children|date=May 10, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=May 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525165546/https://abc7ny.com/6169496/|archive-date=May 25, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 19, Cuomo confirmed 137 cases of the illness, stating it was "the tip of the iceberg" with 90% of the cases testing positive for the virus or antibodies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York's rising cases of mystery illness in children are "tip of the iceberg," Cuomo says|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-york-mysterious-illness-covid-19-coronavirus-link-cuomo/|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=May 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519183526/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-york-mysterious-illness-covid-19-coronavirus-link-cuomo/|archive-date=May 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> By May 26, three deaths and 89 cases of MIS-C had been confirmed in the city, mostly affecting children and teenagers. Doctors reported that the risk of death or serious illness for MIS-C was mitigated by early detection. Hospitals were instructed to prioritize kids for testing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/169-severe-child-covid-syndrome-cases-now-being-investigated-in-ny-docs-fear-undercount/2432285/|title=More Than 200 Cases of Severe Child COVID Syndrome Now Being Investigated in NY, NJ|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200716/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/169-severe-child-covid-syndrome-cases-now-being-investigated-in-ny-docs-fear-undercount/2432285/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On May 10, de Blasio said 38 children were known to be affected by an inflammatory syndrome believed to be linked to an immune response to COVID-19.<ref name=misc-11may/> Known as [[multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children]] (MIS-C), this life-threatening condition resembles [[Kawasaki disease]] and other pediatric inflammatory conditions, such as [[toxic shock syndrome]].<ref name=CDC2020>{{cite web|title=Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp|website=emergency.cdc.gov|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=May 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515005515/https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp|archive-date=May 15, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Symptoms include high fevers that can last for days, rash, racing heart beat, changes in skin color, redness of the tongue, and severe abdominal pain.<ref name=misc-11may>{{Cite news|date=May 10, 2020|title=N.Y.C. Reports 38 Cases of Virus-Related Syndrome in Children|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511050103/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=May 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At least one child had died in New York City, and two additional deaths were reported statewide. The link with COVID-19 has not yet been proven.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6169496/|title=Coronavirus News: State health chief details symptoms of mystery syndrome in children|date=May 10, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=May 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525165546/https://abc7ny.com/6169496/|archive-date=May 25, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 19, Cuomo confirmed 137 cases of the illness, stating it was "the tip of the iceberg" with 90% of the cases testing positive for the virus or antibodies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York's rising cases of mystery illness in children are "tip of the iceberg," Cuomo says|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-york-mysterious-illness-covid-19-coronavirus-link-cuomo/|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=May 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519183526/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-york-mysterious-illness-covid-19-coronavirus-link-cuomo/|archive-date=May 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> By May 26, three deaths and 89 cases of MIS-C had been confirmed in the city, mostly affecting children and teenagers. Doctors reported that the risk of death or serious illness for MIS-C was mitigated by early detection. Hospitals were instructed to prioritize kids for testing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/169-severe-child-covid-syndrome-cases-now-being-investigated-in-ny-docs-fear-undercount/2432285/|title=More Than 200 Cases of Severe Child COVID Syndrome Now Being Investigated in NY, NJ|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200716/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/169-severe-child-covid-syndrome-cases-now-being-investigated-in-ny-docs-fear-undercount/2432285/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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===August 2020=== |
===August 2020=== |
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By August 1, the total number of establishments who had their liquor licenses suspended for not following social distancing guidelines had risen to 52.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-august-1-2020|title=Coronavirus Updates: Seven More NYC Establishments Have Liquor License Suspended For Not Following COVID-19 Protocols|date=August 1, 2020|website=Gothamist|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805054419/https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-august-1-2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> In mid-August, Cuomo announced that bowling alleys would be able to reopen on August 17, and museums and other cultural institutions on August 24, at reduced capacity.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Julia|date=August 14, 2020|title=Museums and Other New York Cultural Institutions Can Open Aug. 24|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/14/arts/design/nyc-museums-reopening-covid-19.html|access-date=August 15, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/14/arts/design/nyc-museums-reopening-covid-19.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 14, 2020|title=Cuomo: NYC Museums Can Reopen Later This Month, Bowling Alleys on Monday|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/cuomo-nyc-museums-can-reopen-later-this-month-bowling-alleys-on-monday/2568000/|access-date=August 15, 2020|website=NBC New York|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200707/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/cuomo-nyc-museums-can-reopen-later-this-month-bowling-alleys-on-monday/2568000/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
By August 1, the total number of establishments who had their liquor licenses suspended for not following social distancing guidelines had risen to 52.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-august-1-2020|title=Coronavirus Updates: Seven More NYC Establishments Have Liquor License Suspended For Not Following COVID-19 Protocols|date=August 1, 2020|website=Gothamist|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805054419/https://gothamist.com/news/coronavirus-updates-august-1-2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> In mid-August, Cuomo announced that bowling alleys would be able to reopen on August 17, and museums and other cultural institutions on August 24, at reduced capacity.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Julia|date=August 14, 2020|title=Museums and Other New York Cultural Institutions Can Open Aug. 24|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/14/arts/design/nyc-museums-reopening-covid-19.html|access-date=August 15, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/14/arts/design/nyc-museums-reopening-covid-19.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 14, 2020|title=Cuomo: NYC Museums Can Reopen Later This Month, Bowling Alleys on Monday|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/cuomo-nyc-museums-can-reopen-later-this-month-bowling-alleys-on-monday/2568000/|access-date=August 15, 2020|website=NBC New York|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200707/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/cuomo-nyc-museums-can-reopen-later-this-month-bowling-alleys-on-monday/2568000/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On October 6, Governor Andrew Cuomo introduced a "micro-cluster strategy." The new plan places new restrictions in cluster areas that have spikes in COVID-19 cases. The first areas to experience these new restrictions were parts of Brooklyn and Queens. On October 7, protesters opposing the micro-cluster strategy burned masks in the street and set a fire in [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Borough Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/10/07/nyc-covid-cluster-containment-zone/|title=Second Shutdown Set For COVID-19 Clusters And Surrounding Areas|first=JimmieMWiggins|last=says|date=October 7, 2020|access-date=October 8, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200704/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/10/07/nyc-covid-cluster-containment-zone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/nyregion/orthodox-jews-nyc-coronavirus.html|title=Backlash Grows in Orthodox Jewish Areas Over Virus Crackdown by Cuomo|first=Liam|last=Stack|date=October 8, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 12, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200725/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/nyregion/orthodox-jews-nyc-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Armus|first=Teo|title=Brooklyn's Orthodox Jews burn masks in violent protests as New York cracks down on rising coronavirus cases|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/10/08/orthodox-jews-protest-covid-brooklyn/|access-date=October 12, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/10/08/orthodox-jews-protest-covid-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref> Clusters have been added and removed since October 6. |
On October 6, Governor Andrew Cuomo introduced a "micro-cluster strategy." The new plan places new restrictions in cluster areas that have spikes in COVID-19 cases. The first areas to experience these new restrictions were parts of Brooklyn and Queens. On October 7, protesters opposing the micro-cluster strategy burned masks in the street and set a fire in [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Borough Park]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/10/07/nyc-covid-cluster-containment-zone/|title=Second Shutdown Set For COVID-19 Clusters And Surrounding Areas|first=JimmieMWiggins|last=says|date=October 7, 2020|access-date=October 8, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200704/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/10/07/nyc-covid-cluster-containment-zone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/nyregion/orthodox-jews-nyc-coronavirus.html|title=Backlash Grows in Orthodox Jewish Areas Over Virus Crackdown by Cuomo|first=Liam|last=Stack|date=October 8, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 12, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200725/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/nyregion/orthodox-jews-nyc-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Armus|first=Teo|title=Brooklyn's Orthodox Jews burn masks in violent protests as New York cracks down on rising coronavirus cases|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/10/08/orthodox-jews-protest-covid-brooklyn/|access-date=October 12, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200725/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/10/08/orthodox-jews-protest-covid-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref> Clusters have been added and removed since October 6. |
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There were 779 hospitalizations on October 9, the highest number reported since July 15. Significant fines of up to $15,000 per day were put in place for mass gatherings, and up to $ |
There were 779 hospitalizations on October 9, the highest number reported since July 15. Significant fines of up to $15,000 per day were put in place for mass gatherings, and up to $1,000 per day for violations of social distancing and mask-wearing rules. Over the first weekend under the new rules the city issued over $150,000 in fines.<ref>{{Cite web|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/11/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-lockdown-fines.html|title=Over $150,000 in Fines Issued on First Weekend of New N.Y.C. Lockdown|first=Ali|last=Watkins|date=October 11, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 12, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200719/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/11/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-lockdown-fines.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Religious communities have protested the restrictions. A federal judge denied to grant an [[injunction]] to prevent restrictions on mass gatherings in houses of worship in red zones, ruling that the state had a [[compelling state interest]] to protect the "health and life of all New Yorkers" and that the restrictions were not motivated by any ''[[Animus (law)#United States constitutional law|animus]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-fines-of-up-to-15000-a-day-for-covid-rule-breakers-take-effect-friday/2660359/|title=NYC Fines Up to $15K for COVID Violations in Effect; NY Hospitalizations Highest Since July 15|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200705/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-fines-of-up-to-15000-a-day-for-covid-rule-breakers-take-effect-friday/2660359/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/nyregion/cuomo-synagogues.html|title=Cuomo's Restrictions on Synagogues in Virus Hot Spots Can Go Forward|first1=Nicole|last1=Hong|first2=Liam|last2=Stack|date=October 9, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 12, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200707/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/nyregion/cuomo-synagogues.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The United States Supreme Court [[writ of certiorari|declined to hear]] similar cases on appeal from two other states.<ref>{{cite web|title=UPDATE:Banning Religious Assemblies to Stop the Spread of COVID-19|website=Congressional Research Service|date=June 1, 2020|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10450|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10450|url-status=live}}</ref> |
Religious communities have protested the restrictions. A federal judge denied to grant an [[injunction]] to prevent restrictions on mass gatherings in houses of worship in red zones, ruling that the state had a [[compelling state interest]] to protect the "health and life of all New Yorkers" and that the restrictions were not motivated by any ''[[Animus (law)#United States constitutional law|animus]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-fines-of-up-to-15000-a-day-for-covid-rule-breakers-take-effect-friday/2660359/|title=NYC Fines Up to $15K for COVID Violations in Effect; NY Hospitalizations Highest Since July 15|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200705/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-fines-of-up-to-15000-a-day-for-covid-rule-breakers-take-effect-friday/2660359/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/nyregion/cuomo-synagogues.html|title=Cuomo's Restrictions on Synagogues in Virus Hot Spots Can Go Forward|first1=Nicole|last1=Hong|first2=Liam|last2=Stack|date=October 9, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 12, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200707/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/nyregion/cuomo-synagogues.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The United States Supreme Court [[writ of certiorari|declined to hear]] similar cases on appeal from two other states.<ref>{{cite web|title=UPDATE:Banning Religious Assemblies to Stop the Spread of COVID-19|website=Congressional Research Service|date=June 1, 2020|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10450|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10450|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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===January 2021=== |
===January 2021=== |
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[[File:Help with Vaccine Scheduling in March 2021.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Flyer posted on Roosevelt Island, offering help in scheduling COVID-19 vaccine appointments for individuals belonging to vulnerable populations in March 2021.|Flyer on [[Roosevelt Island]] offers help scheduling vaccine appointments for vulnerable populations, March 2021.]] |
[[File:Help with Vaccine Scheduling in March 2021.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Flyer posted on Roosevelt Island, offering help in scheduling COVID-19 vaccine appointments for individuals belonging to vulnerable populations in March 2021.|Flyer on [[Roosevelt Island]] offers help scheduling vaccine appointments for vulnerable populations, March 2021.]] |
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New York State lowered its vaccine age from 75 to 65 on January 11, 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 11, 2021|title=Arizona Sets Death Record; N.Y. Lowers Vaccine Age: Virus Update|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/who-sets-china-trip-portugal-president-has-covid-virus-update|access-date=January 13, 2021}}</ref> As of January 25, 2021, 628,831 vaccines had been administered in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 25, 2021|title=Latest coronavirus updates in New York: Monday, January 25, 2021|url=https://www.pix11.com/news/coronavirus/latest-coronavirus-updates-in-new-york-monday-january-25-2021|access-date=January 26, 2021|website=WPIX|language=en}}</ref> During the last week of the month, the city was averaging |
New York State lowered its vaccine age from 75 to 65 on January 11, 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 11, 2021|title=Arizona Sets Death Record; N.Y. Lowers Vaccine Age: Virus Update|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/who-sets-china-trip-portugal-president-has-covid-virus-update|access-date=January 13, 2021}}</ref> As of January 25, 2021, 628,831 vaccines had been administered in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 25, 2021|title=Latest coronavirus updates in New York: Monday, January 25, 2021|url=https://www.pix11.com/news/coronavirus/latest-coronavirus-updates-in-new-york-monday-january-25-2021|access-date=January 26, 2021|website=WPIX|language=en}}</ref> During the last week of the month, the city was averaging 5,000 new cases per day and around 60 deaths per day.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Otterman|first=Sharon|date=January 22, 2021|title=54 ZIP Codes in New York City Have Positive Test Rates Over 10%|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/nyregion/nyc-coronavirus-zip-codes.html|access-date=January 26, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[Brooklyn]]'s [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]] and [[Brighton Beach]] neighborhoods, [[Queens]]'s [[South Ozone Park, Queens|South Ozone Park]] and [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] neighborhoods, [[Staten Island]]'s [[South Beach, Staten Island|South Beach]] area, and [[Manhattan]]'s [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] neighborhood were the hardest hit areas at the time, with positive test results in the 10% range.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zaveri|first=Mihir|date=January 25, 2021|title=The Unrelenting Spread of the Virus in Dozens of ZIP Codes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-zipcodes.html|access-date=January 26, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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=== February 2021 === |
=== February 2021 === |
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=== May 2021 === |
=== May 2021 === |
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In early May 2021, Cuomo announced that the overnight subway closures would end on May 17, 2021, with 24-hour service resuming on that date.<ref name="Slattery Sommerfeldt Guse 2021">{{cite web|last=Slattery|first=Denis|last2=Sommerfeldt|first2=Chris|last3=Guse|first3=Clayton|date=May 3, 2021|title=MTA to restore |
In early May 2021, Cuomo announced that the overnight subway closures would end on May 17, 2021, with 24-hour service resuming on that date.<ref name="Slattery Sommerfeldt Guse 2021">{{cite web|last=Slattery|first=Denis|last2=Sommerfeldt|first2=Chris|last3=Guse|first3=Clayton|date=May 3, 2021|title=MTA to restore NYC's 24-hour subway service on May 17|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-nyc-mta-overnight-subway-service-returns-20210503-cmguz5wue5ehvnbpud7wlb4fx4-story.html|access-date=May 5, 2021|website=New York Daily News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hu|first=Winnie|last2=Ferré-Sadurní|first2=Luis|date=2021-05-03|title=New York Region to Accelerate Reopening, Raising Hopes and Anxiety|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/03/nyregion/nyc-reopening.html|access-date=2021-05-05|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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On May 12, the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] launched a five-day pilot project of walk-up [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccination]] sites in eight of its subway, Metro-North and Long Island Rail Road stations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Caroline |title=New Yorkers And Tourists Flock To Convenient Subway Vaccine Hubs On Opening Day |url=https://gothamist.com/news/new-yorkers-and-tourists-flock-convenient-subway-vaccine-hubs-opening-day |access-date=13 May 2021 |work=Gothamist |date=2021-05-12 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513045156/https://gothamist.com/news/new-yorkers-and-tourists-flock-convenient-subway-vaccine-hubs-opening-day |url-status=dead }}</ref> This pilot project was subsequently extended another week at [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] and [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref>{{cite web | title=MTA Extends Vaccine Pilot Program Through May 29th At Penn Station & Grand Central Terminal | website=Gothamist | date=2021-05-22 | url=http://gothamist.com/news/mta-extends-vaccine-pilot-program-through-may-29th-penn-station-grand-central-terminal | access-date=2021-06-14 | archive-date=June 1, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601200620/https://gothamist.com/news/mta-extends-vaccine-pilot-program-through-may-29th-penn-station-grand-central-terminal | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=MTA Extends Johnson & Johnson Vaccine Program at Grand Central, Penn Station | website=NBC New York | date=2021-05-22 | url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/mta-extends-johnson-johnson-vaccine-program-at-grand-central-penn-station/3069884/ | access-date=2021-06-14}}</ref> Over 11,000 people received the [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine]] as part of the program.<ref>{{cite web | last=Rivoli | first=Dan | title=MTA vaccine sites |
On May 12, the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] launched a five-day pilot project of walk-up [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccination]] sites in eight of its subway, Metro-North and Long Island Rail Road stations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Caroline |title=New Yorkers And Tourists Flock To Convenient Subway Vaccine Hubs On Opening Day |url=https://gothamist.com/news/new-yorkers-and-tourists-flock-convenient-subway-vaccine-hubs-opening-day |access-date=13 May 2021 |work=Gothamist |date=2021-05-12 |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513045156/https://gothamist.com/news/new-yorkers-and-tourists-flock-convenient-subway-vaccine-hubs-opening-day |url-status=dead }}</ref> This pilot project was subsequently extended another week at [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] and [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref>{{cite web | title=MTA Extends Vaccine Pilot Program Through May 29th At Penn Station & Grand Central Terminal | website=Gothamist | date=2021-05-22 | url=http://gothamist.com/news/mta-extends-vaccine-pilot-program-through-may-29th-penn-station-grand-central-terminal | access-date=2021-06-14 | archive-date=June 1, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601200620/https://gothamist.com/news/mta-extends-vaccine-pilot-program-through-may-29th-penn-station-grand-central-terminal | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=MTA Extends Johnson & Johnson Vaccine Program at Grand Central, Penn Station | website=NBC New York | date=2021-05-22 | url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/mta-extends-johnson-johnson-vaccine-program-at-grand-central-penn-station/3069884/ | access-date=2021-06-14}}</ref> Over 11,000 people received the [[Janssen COVID-19 vaccine]] as part of the program.<ref>{{cite web | last=Rivoli | first=Dan | title=MTA vaccine sites 'convenient' for commuters and tourists | website=Spectrum News NY1 | New York City | date=2021-05-27 | url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/transit/2021/05/27/mta-vaccine-sites--convenient--for-commuters-and-tourists | access-date=2021-06-14}}</ref> |
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=== June 2021 === |
=== June 2021 === |
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=== July 2021 === |
=== July 2021 === |
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[[File:Essential Worker Parade NYC 7 July 2021.jpg|thumb|right|Healthcare workers being honored for their efforts in combatting COVID-19 during a July 7, 2021 ticker-tape parade for essential workers in New York, NY.]] |
[[File:Essential Worker Parade NYC 7 July 2021.jpg|thumb|right|Healthcare workers being honored for their efforts in combatting COVID-19 during a July 7, 2021 ticker-tape parade for essential workers in New York, NY.]] |
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On July 7, 2021, the city held a "Hometown Heroes" [[ticker tape parade]] to honor healthcare professionals and essential workers for their work during the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gainer |first1=Alice |title=Hometown Heroes Ticker Tape Parade Marches Through Canyon Of Heroes |url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2021/07/07/nyc-hometown-heroes-ticker-tape-parade-today/ |access-date=July 8, 2021 |publisher=CBS New York |date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707112817/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2021/07/07/nyc-hometown-heroes-ticker-tape-parade-today/ |archive-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref> The Uniformed Firefighters Association asked its members to boycott the event, however, saying that COVID-related risks to firefighters had not yet ended, citing the case of a union member who was in the ICU with COVID-related pneumonia at the time of the parade.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Celona |first1=Larry |last2=Campanile |first2=Carl |last3=Golding |first3=Bruce |title= |
On July 7, 2021, the city held a "Hometown Heroes" [[ticker tape parade]] to honor healthcare professionals and essential workers for their work during the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gainer |first1=Alice |title=Hometown Heroes Ticker Tape Parade Marches Through Canyon Of Heroes |url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2021/07/07/nyc-hometown-heroes-ticker-tape-parade-today/ |access-date=July 8, 2021 |publisher=CBS New York |date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707112817/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2021/07/07/nyc-hometown-heroes-ticker-tape-parade-today/ |archive-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref> The Uniformed Firefighters Association asked its members to boycott the event, however, saying that COVID-related risks to firefighters had not yet ended, citing the case of a union member who was in the ICU with COVID-related pneumonia at the time of the parade.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Celona |first1=Larry |last2=Campanile |first2=Carl |last3=Golding |first3=Bruce |title='Too soon': NYC firefighters boycott ticker-tape parade for frontline workers |url=https://nypost.com/2021/07/07/nyc-firefighters-boycott-parade-for-frontline-workers/ |access-date=July 8, 2021 |publisher=New York Post |date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707224318/https://nypost.com/2021/07/07/nyc-firefighters-boycott-parade-for-frontline-workers/ |archive-date=July 7, 2021}}</ref> The Uniformed EMS Officers Union also asked its members not to attend the parade due to an ongoing dispute with the city over a lack of hazard pay during the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forand |first1=Jessie |title=FDNY EMS members boycott Hometown Heroes ticker-tape parade |url=https://www.ems1.com/labor-issues/articles/fdny-ems-members-boycott-hometown-heroes-ticker-tape-parade-SLlUmoGJSmPy1yxG/ |access-date=July 8, 2021 |publisher=EMS1 |date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708181332/https://www.ems1.com/labor-issues/articles/fdny-ems-members-boycott-hometown-heroes-ticker-tape-parade-SLlUmoGJSmPy1yxG/ |archive-date=July 8, 2021}}</ref> |
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On July 23, 2021, the city's health department announced that daily average cases were 32% higher than the prior week and that the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]] had become the dominant COVID strain, accounting for 57% of citywide samples over a four-week period. Mayor Bill de Blasio responded to the new data by pleading with private employers to "move immediately to some form of mandate" for COVID-19 vaccination.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Millman |first1=Jennifer |title=Delta Replacing All Other NYC COVID Strains as New Case Average Soars 32% |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/delta-replacing-all-other-nyc-covid-strains-as-new-case-average-soars-32/3170311/ |access-date=July 23, 2021 |publisher=WNBC 4 New York |date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723231501/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/delta-replacing-all-other-nyc-covid-strains-as-new-case-average-soars-32/3170311/ |archive-date=July 23, 2021}}</ref> |
On July 23, 2021, the city's health department announced that daily average cases were 32% higher than the prior week and that the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]] had become the dominant COVID strain, accounting for 57% of citywide samples over a four-week period. Mayor Bill de Blasio responded to the new data by pleading with private employers to "move immediately to some form of mandate" for COVID-19 vaccination.<ref name=delta>{{cite news |last1=Millman |first1=Jennifer |title=Delta Replacing All Other NYC COVID Strains as New Case Average Soars 32% |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/delta-replacing-all-other-nyc-covid-strains-as-new-case-average-soars-32/3170311/ |access-date=July 23, 2021 |publisher=WNBC 4 New York |date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723231501/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/delta-replacing-all-other-nyc-covid-strains-as-new-case-average-soars-32/3170311/ |archive-date=July 23, 2021}}</ref> |
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=== August 2021 === |
=== August 2021 === |
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On August 2, 2021, de Blasio recommended that vaccinated people wear masks in indoor settings, following CDC guidance and a continued uptick in positive COVID cases due to the Delta variant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Eyewitness|date=2021-08-02|title=Coronavirus Update NYC: City issues 'strong recommendation,' stops short of mask mandate|url=https://abc7ny.com/10924328/|access-date=2021-08-02|website=ABC7 New York|language=en}}</ref> The next day, it was announced that masks would be required indoors beginning August 16.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Murdock|first=Sebastian|date=2021-08-03|title=New York City Will Require Vaccination Proof For Indoor Activities|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-york-city-vaccination-proof_n_610950fde4b0b94f6075225e|access-date=2021-08-03|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> |
On August 2, 2021, de Blasio recommended that vaccinated people wear masks in indoor settings, following CDC guidance and a continued uptick in positive COVID cases due to the Delta variant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Eyewitness|date=2021-08-02|title=Coronavirus Update NYC: City issues 'strong recommendation,' stops short of mask mandate|url=https://abc7ny.com/10924328/|access-date=2021-08-02|website=ABC7 New York|language=en}}</ref> The next day, it was announced that masks would be required indoors beginning August 16.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Murdock|first=Sebastian|date=2021-08-03|title=New York City Will Require Vaccination Proof For Indoor Activities|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-york-city-vaccination-proof_n_610950fde4b0b94f6075225e|access-date=2021-08-03|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> |
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On August 3, de Blasio announced that New York City would become the first in the United States to require proof of vaccination for workers and customers at all indoor dining establishments, gyms, entertainment venues, and performances. As of August 16, patrons would be expected to show either their vaccination cards or one of two authorized vaccine passport apps: the city's NYC COVID Safe app or the |
On August 3, de Blasio announced that New York City would become the first in the United States to require proof of vaccination for workers and customers at all indoor dining establishments, gyms, entertainment venues, and performances. As of August 16, patrons would be expected to show either their vaccination cards or one of two authorized vaccine passport apps: the city's NYC COVID Safe app or the state's Excelsior app.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fitzsimmons |first1=Emma |last2=Otterman |first2=Sharon |last3=Goldstein |first3=Joseph |title=N.Y.C. will require workers and customers show proof of at least one dose for indoor dining and other activities. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/03/nyregion/nyc-vaccine-mandate.html |access-date=August 3, 2021 |publisher=New York Times |date=August 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803134334/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/03/nyregion/nyc-vaccine-mandate.html |archive-date=August 3, 2021}}</ref> The requirement will start to be enforced in September.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khemlani|first=Anjalee|date=2021-08-04|title=Why minorities may become collateral damage in NYC's vaccine policy amid Delta surge|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/why-minorities-could-become-collateral-damage-in-ny-cs-new-vaccine-policy-211758935.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-07|website=[[Yahoo! Finance]]|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Following the announcement of the citywide vaccination requirement, the [[New York Young Republican Club]] began to organize an opposition movement. A march on [[Gracie Mansion]] took place on August 15, featuring speakers such as [[Curtis Sliwa]], [[Guardian Angels]] founder and 2021 New York Republican mayoral candidate, and [[Andrew Giuliani]], the eldest child of [[Rudy Giuliani]] and 2022 New York Republican gubernatorial candidate.<ref>{{cite news |title='Key to NYC': Indoor vaccine mandate begins Monday |url=https://abc7ny.com/key-to-nyc-vaccine-mandate-proof-of-vaccination-delta-variant/10953174/ |access-date=August 15, 2021 |publisher=WABC-TV 7 New York |date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816003127/https://abc7ny.com/key-to-nyc-vaccine-mandate-proof-of-vaccination-delta-variant/10953174/ |archive-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> |
Following the announcement of the citywide vaccination requirement, the [[New York Young Republican Club]] began to organize an opposition movement. A march on [[Gracie Mansion]] took place on August 15, featuring speakers such as [[Curtis Sliwa]], [[Guardian Angels]] founder and 2021 New York Republican mayoral candidate, and [[Andrew Giuliani]], the eldest child of [[Rudy Giuliani]] and 2022 New York Republican gubernatorial candidate.<ref>{{cite news |title='Key to NYC': Indoor vaccine mandate begins Monday |url=https://abc7ny.com/key-to-nyc-vaccine-mandate-proof-of-vaccination-delta-variant/10953174/ |access-date=August 15, 2021 |publisher=WABC-TV 7 New York |date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816003127/https://abc7ny.com/key-to-nyc-vaccine-mandate-proof-of-vaccination-delta-variant/10953174/ |archive-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref> |
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[[File:Coronavirus sign in Brooklyn (60539).jpg|thumb|Woman wearing a mask walks by the Cobble Hill Cinemas in [[Brooklyn]], which closed as a non-essential business]] |
[[File:Coronavirus sign in Brooklyn (60539).jpg|thumb|Woman wearing a mask walks by the Cobble Hill Cinemas in [[Brooklyn]], which closed as a non-essential business]] |
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On March 2, de Blasio tweeted that people should ignore the virus and "go on with your lives + get out on the town despite Coronavirus."<ref>{{cite news|title=Resurfaced Tweets Show New York and San Francisco Mayors' Strikingly Different Coronavirus Messages on Same Day One Month Ago|url=https://www.newsweek.com/resurfaced-tweets-show-new-york-san-francisco-mayors-strikingly-different-coronavirus-messages-1496431|work=Newsweek|date=April 6, 2020|access-date=April 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604011822/https://www.newsweek.com/resurfaced-tweets-show-new-york-san-francisco-mayors-strikingly-different-coronavirus-messages-1496431|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At a press conference the next day, [[Commissioner of Health of the City of New York|New York City Commissioner of Health]] [[Oxiris Barbot]] said, "We are encouraging New Yorkers to go about their everyday lives."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silive.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-risk-remains-low-in-nyc-same-day-testing-now-available-officials-say.html|title=Coronavirus risk 'remains low' in NYC; same-day testing now available, officials say|date=March 3, 2020|first1=Kyle|last1=Lawson|access-date=March 28, 2020|work=[[SILive.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328185143/https://www.silive.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-risk-remains-low-in-nyc-same-day-testing-now-available-officials-say.html|archive-date=March 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 4, she said, " |
On March 2, de Blasio tweeted that people should ignore the virus and "go on with your lives + get out on the town despite Coronavirus."<ref>{{cite news|title=Resurfaced Tweets Show New York and San Francisco Mayors' Strikingly Different Coronavirus Messages on Same Day One Month Ago|url=https://www.newsweek.com/resurfaced-tweets-show-new-york-san-francisco-mayors-strikingly-different-coronavirus-messages-1496431|work=Newsweek|date=April 6, 2020|access-date=April 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604011822/https://www.newsweek.com/resurfaced-tweets-show-new-york-san-francisco-mayors-strikingly-different-coronavirus-messages-1496431|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At a press conference the next day, [[Commissioner of Health of the City of New York|New York City Commissioner of Health]] [[Oxiris Barbot]] said, "We are encouraging New Yorkers to go about their everyday lives."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silive.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-risk-remains-low-in-nyc-same-day-testing-now-available-officials-say.html|title=Coronavirus risk 'remains low' in NYC; same-day testing now available, officials say|date=March 3, 2020|first1=Kyle|last1=Lawson|access-date=March 28, 2020|work=[[SILive.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328185143/https://www.silive.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-risk-remains-low-in-nyc-same-day-testing-now-available-officials-say.html|archive-date=March 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 4, she said, "There's no indication that being in a car, being in the subways with someone who's potentially sick is a risk factor."<ref name="nypost1" /> New York City Council members [[Robert Holden (politician)|Robert Holden]] and [[Eric Ulrich]] wrote to Mayor de Blasio asking him to relieve Barbot of her position.<ref name="nypost1">{{cite web|last=Edelman|first=Susan|url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/04/nyc-pols-urge-de-blasio-to-oust-health-commissioner-over-coronavirus-response/|title=NYC pols urge de Blasio to oust health commissioner over coronavirus response|work=New York Post|date=April 4, 2020|access-date=April 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406164620/https://nypost.com/2020/04/04/nyc-pols-urge-de-blasio-to-oust-health-commissioner-over-coronavirus-response/|archive-date=April 6, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> (She ultimately resigned on August 4.)<ref>{{cite news |last=Goodman |first=J. David |date=August 4, 2020 |title=N.Y.C. Health Commissioner Resigns After Clashes With Mayor Over Virus |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/04/nyregion/oxiris-barbot-health-commissioner-resigns.html |access-date=August 28, 2021}}</ref> |
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On March 7, Cuomo declared a [[state of emergency]] in New York State after 89 cases had been confirmed in the state, 70 of them in [[Westchester County]], 12 in New York City, and 7 elsewhere.<ref name="state-emergency">{{cite news|date=March 8, 2020|title=Coronavirus in N.Y.: Cuomo Declares State of Emergency|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-queens.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309082540/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-queens.html|archive-date=March 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On March 7, Cuomo declared a [[state of emergency]] in New York State after 89 cases had been confirmed in the state, 70 of them in [[Westchester County]], 12 in New York City, and 7 elsewhere.<ref name="state-emergency">{{cite news|date=March 8, 2020|title=Coronavirus in N.Y.: Cuomo Declares State of Emergency|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-queens.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309082540/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-queens.html|archive-date=March 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On April 20, de Blasio announced that major events had been cancelled through June, including the [[Pride March]] and the [[Puerto Rican Day Parade]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/no-room-for-error-ny-over-peak-but-cuomo-urges-caution-or-we-face-hell-all-over-again/2381181/|title=No Room for Error: NY Over Peak But Cuomo Urges Caution or We Face 'Hell All Over Again'|date=April 20, 2020|work=NBC|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605043330/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/no-room-for-error-ny-over-peak-but-cuomo-urges-caution-or-we-face-hell-all-over-again/2381181/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On April 20, de Blasio announced that major events had been cancelled through June, including the [[Pride March]] and the [[Puerto Rican Day Parade]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/no-room-for-error-ny-over-peak-but-cuomo-urges-caution-or-we-face-hell-all-over-again/2381181/|title=No Room for Error: NY Over Peak But Cuomo Urges Caution or We Face 'Hell All Over Again'|date=April 20, 2020|work=NBC|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605043330/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/no-room-for-error-ny-over-peak-but-cuomo-urges-caution-or-we-face-hell-all-over-again/2381181/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On August 5, de Blasio announced that COVID-19 checkpoints would be set up at major crossings and tunnels to help enforcement of a mandatory 14-day quarantine for travelers from areas of a high transmission rate per Cuomo's order, in coordination with the New York's Sheriff department.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2020|title=NYC Setting Up COVID-19 Checkpoints To Enforce Quarantine Rules|url=https://wcbs880.radio.com/articles/news/nyc-setting-up-covid-19-checkpoints-to-enforce-quarantine|access-date=August 5, 2020|website=WCBS Newsradio 880|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200712/https://www.radio.com/1010wins/articles/nyc-to-have-covid-19-checkpoints-at-major-bridges-tunnels|url-status=live}}</ref> Failure to comply with this order would result in fines ranging from $2,000 to $10,000 with de Blasio adding, " |
On August 5, de Blasio announced that COVID-19 checkpoints would be set up at major crossings and tunnels to help enforcement of a mandatory 14-day quarantine for travelers from areas of a high transmission rate per Cuomo's order, in coordination with the New York's Sheriff department.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2020|title=NYC Setting Up COVID-19 Checkpoints To Enforce Quarantine Rules|url=https://wcbs880.radio.com/articles/news/nyc-setting-up-covid-19-checkpoints-to-enforce-quarantine|access-date=August 5, 2020|website=WCBS Newsradio 880|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200712/https://www.radio.com/1010wins/articles/nyc-to-have-covid-19-checkpoints-at-major-bridges-tunnels|url-status=live}}</ref> Failure to comply with this order would result in fines ranging from $2,000 to $10,000 with de Blasio adding, "We're not going to let our hard work slip away and will continue to do everything we can to keep New Yorkers safe and healthy."<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2020|title=NYC to Impose Checkpoints to Enforce Cuomo Quarantine Order, Mayor Says|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-goes-3-straight-days-with-no-covid-19-deaths-as-cuomo-issues-stark-reminder/2551772/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200731/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-goes-3-straight-days-with-no-covid-19-deaths-as-cuomo-issues-stark-reminder/2551772/|archive-date=November 16, 2020|access-date=August 5, 2020|website=NBC New York|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2020|title=Mayor de Blasio Announces COVID-19 Checkpoints to Enforce New York State Quarantine Orders|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/574-20/mayor-de-blasio-covid-19-checkpoints-enforce-new-york-state-quarantine-orders|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200719/https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/574-20/mayor-de-blasio-covid-19-checkpoints-enforce-new-york-state-quarantine-orders|archive-date=November 16, 2020|access-date=August 5, 2020|website=The official website of the City of New York}}</ref> |
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=== Stay-at-home order === |
=== Stay-at-home order === |
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On March 17, despite de Blasio's message to New Yorkers that they should be "prepared right now" for the possibility of "shelter in place" orders, Cuomo expressed doubts about whether the policy would be effective. The governor's office issued a statement that the shelter in place order could only be put in place by the governor's office; the Mayor's office agreed.<ref name="cbsnews1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-york-city-mayor-says-shelter-place-decision-coming-next-n1161516|title=New York mayor says 'shelter in place' decision coming in next 48 hours|date=March 17, 2020|work=NBC News|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605083216/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-york-city-mayor-says-shelter-place-decision-coming-next-n1161516|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 20, with 5,683 confirmed cases in NYC, the governor's office issued the PAUSE order that would go into effect on March 22 at 8 PM. The order put in place the following restrictions, summarized in the executive order in ten points:<ref name="ny.gov on pause">{{Cite web|date=March 20, 2020|title=Governor Cuomo Signs the 'New York State on PAUSE' Executive Order|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-signs-new-york-state-pause-executive-order|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|archive-date=March 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328191630/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-signs-new-york-state-pause-executive-order|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On March 17, despite de Blasio's message to New Yorkers that they should be "prepared right now" for the possibility of "shelter in place" orders, Cuomo expressed doubts about whether the policy would be effective. The governor's office issued a statement that the shelter in place order could only be put in place by the governor's office; the Mayor's office agreed.<ref name="cbsnews1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-york-city-mayor-says-shelter-place-decision-coming-next-n1161516|title=New York mayor says 'shelter in place' decision coming in next 48 hours|date=March 17, 2020|work=NBC News|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605083216/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-york-city-mayor-says-shelter-place-decision-coming-next-n1161516|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 20, with 5,683 confirmed cases in NYC, the governor's office issued the PAUSE order that would go into effect on March 22 at 8 PM. The order put in place the following restrictions, summarized in the executive order in ten points:<ref name="ny.gov on pause">{{Cite web|date=March 20, 2020|title=Governor Cuomo Signs the 'New York State on PAUSE' Executive Order|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-signs-new-york-state-pause-executive-order|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|archive-date=March 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328191630/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-signs-new-york-state-pause-executive-order|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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# Effective at 8pm on Sunday, March 22, all non-essential businesses statewide will be closed |
# Effective at 8pm on Sunday, March 22, all non-essential businesses statewide will be closed; |
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# Non-essential gatherings of individuals of any size for any reason (e.g. parties, celebrations or other social events) are canceled or postponed at this time |
# Non-essential gatherings of individuals of any size for any reason (e.g. parties, celebrations or other social events) are canceled or postponed at this time; |
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# Any concentration of individuals outside their home must be limited to workers providing essential services and social distancing should be practiced |
# Any concentration of individuals outside their home must be limited to workers providing essential services and social distancing should be practiced; |
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# When in public individuals must practice social distancing of at least six feet from others |
# When in public individuals must practice social distancing of at least six feet from others; |
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# Businesses and entities that provide other essential services must implement rules that help facilitate social distancing of at least six feet |
# Businesses and entities that provide other essential services must implement rules that help facilitate social distancing of at least six feet; |
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# Individuals should limit outdoor recreational activities to non-contact and avoid activities where they come in close contact with other people |
# Individuals should limit outdoor recreational activities to non-contact and avoid activities where they come in close contact with other people; |
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# Individuals should limit use of public transportation to when absolutely necessary and should limit potential exposure by spacing out at least six feet from other riders |
# Individuals should limit use of public transportation to when absolutely necessary and should limit potential exposure by spacing out at least six feet from other riders; |
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# Sick individuals should not leave their home unless to receive medical care and only after a telehealth visit to determine if leaving the home is in the best interest of their health |
# Sick individuals should not leave their home unless to receive medical care and only after a telehealth visit to determine if leaving the home is in the best interest of their health; |
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# Young people should also practice social distancing and avoid contact with vulnerable populations |
# Young people should also practice social distancing and avoid contact with vulnerable populations; |
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# Use precautionary sanitizer practices such as using isopropyl alcohol wipes |
# Use precautionary sanitizer practices such as using isopropyl alcohol wipes. |
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The governor said the provisions would be enforced. Businesses that violated the order faced fines and closure.<ref name="sip">{{cite news|date=March 20, 2020|title=43 Coronavirus Deaths and Over 5,600 Cases in N.Y.C.|work=[[The New York Times]]|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605090959/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage|archive-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-shelter-in-place-coronavirus.html|title=It's Not 'Shelter in Place': What the New Coronavirus Restrictions Mean|date=March 24, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605053216/https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-shelter-in-place-coronavirus.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Businesses that qualified as "essential businesses" under the stay-at-home order included but were not limited to:<ref name="sip" />{{columns-list|colwidth=20em| |
The governor said the provisions would be enforced. Businesses that violated the order faced fines and closure.<ref name="sip">{{cite news|date=March 20, 2020|title=43 Coronavirus Deaths and Over 5,600 Cases in N.Y.C.|work=[[The New York Times]]|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage|url-status=live|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605090959/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage|archive-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-shelter-in-place-coronavirus.html|title=It's Not 'Shelter in Place': What the New Coronavirus Restrictions Mean|date=March 24, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605053216/https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-shelter-in-place-coronavirus.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Businesses that qualified as "essential businesses" under the stay-at-home order included but were not limited to:<ref name="sip" />{{columns-list|colwidth=20em| |
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}} |
}} |
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On April 6, the statewide PAUSE order was extended through April 29. The rate of increase had slowed from 10,000 new confirmed cases daily to 8,700. [[Intubation]] and [[Intensive care unit|ICU]] admission rates were slowing. Fines for violating social distancing protocols were increased from $500 to $ |
On April 6, the statewide PAUSE order was extended through April 29. The rate of increase had slowed from 10,000 new confirmed cases daily to 8,700. [[Intubation]] and [[Intensive care unit|ICU]] admission rates were slowing. Fines for violating social distancing protocols were increased from $500 to $1,000.<ref name=april6>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/our-9-11-moment-new-york-braces-as-nations-top-doctor-warns-saddest-week-ahead/2361336/|title='No Time to Be Lax:' Cuomo Extends New York Shutdown, NJ Deaths Top 1,000|date=April 6, 2020|publisher=NBC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604235657/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/our-9-11-moment-new-york-braces-as-nations-top-doctor-warns-saddest-week-ahead/2361336/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On April 16, the statewide PAUSE order was extended through May 15, in coordination with the newly established "[[Eastern States Multi-state Council]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, Governor Cuomo Announces 'NYS on PAUSE' Extended until May 15|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-nys-pause-extended-until-may-15|date=April 16, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504094940/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-nys-pause-extended-until-may-15|archive-date=May 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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=== Four-phase reopening plan === |
=== Four-phase reopening plan === |
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[[File:Street dining on W51 jeh.jpg|thumb|Restaurants with street dining corrals, August 2020]] |
[[File:Street dining on W51 jeh.jpg|thumb|Restaurants with street dining corrals, August 2020]] |
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Governor Andrew Cuomo first announced |
Governor Andrew Cuomo first announced a four-phase reopening plan for businesses on May 7. In order for the New York City region to begin reopening in Phase 1, it needed to meet these seven metrics: |
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* 14-day decline in hospitalizations or under 15 new hospitalizations (3-day average) |
* 14-day decline in hospitalizations or under 15 new hospitalizations (3-day average) |
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* 14-day decline in hospitalized deaths |
* 14-day decline in hospitalized deaths or under 5 new (3-day average) |
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* New hospitalizations — under 2 per 100,000 residents (3-day rolling average) |
* New hospitalizations — under 2 per 100,000 residents (3-day rolling average) |
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* Share of total beds available (threshold of 30 percent) |
* Share of total beds available (threshold of 30 percent) |
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* 30 contact tracers per 100,000 residents or to meet current infection rate. |
* 30 contact tracers per 100,000 residents or to meet current infection rate. |
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As of July 20, the four-phase reopening plan for New York City |
As of July 20, the four-phase reopening plan for New York City was detailed as follows:<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gold|first1=Michael|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|date=July 20, 2020|title=What Are the Phases of New York's Reopening Plan?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/new-york-phase-reopening.html|access-date=July 23, 2020|archive-date=July 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714051347/https://www.nytimes.com/article/new-york-phase-reopening.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* Phase 1: construction, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and select retail that can offer curbside pickup. |
* Phase 1: construction, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and select retail that can offer curbside pickup. |
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* Phase 2: outdoor dining at restaurants, hair salons and barber shops, offices, real estate firms, in-store retail, vehicle sales, retail rental, repair services, cleaning services, and commercial building management. |
* Phase 2: outdoor dining at restaurants, hair salons and barber shops, offices, real estate firms, in-store retail, vehicle sales, retail rental, repair services, cleaning services, and commercial building management. |
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In early March, the New York Legislature granted Cuomo the power to temporarily suspend laws or create new laws to fight the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wxxinews.org/post/cuomos-emergency-powers-questioned|title=Cuomo's emergency powers questioned|first=Karen|last=DeWitt|website=www.wxxinews.org}}</ref> [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|Face masks]] were first mandated by law via an executive order issued by Cuomo on April 15. The order states that face masks must be in all public places when social distancing is not possible, as when people are within six feet of others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/protect-yourself-and-your-family-coronavirus-covid-19|title=Protect Yourself and Your Family from Coronavirus (COVID-19)|website=Department of Health}}</ref><ref name="facemasksrequired">{{Cite web|date=April 15, 2020|title=Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, Governor Cuomo Issues Executive Order Requiring All People in New York to Wear Masks or Face Coverings in Public|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-issues-executive-order-requiring-all-people-new|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200713/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-issues-executive-order-requiring-all-people-new|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 28, another executive order gave business owners the authority to decide whether patrons must wear a face covering to enter.<ref>{{Cite web|title='No Mask – No Entry,' Cuomo Says As He Allows Businesses To Insist On Face Coverings|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/28/864241210/no-mask-no-entry-cuomo-says-as-he-allows-businesses-to-insist-on-face-coverings|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=NPR.org|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200714/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/28/864241210/no-mask-no-entry-cuomo-says-as-he-allows-businesses-to-insist-on-face-coverings|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In early March, the New York Legislature granted Cuomo the power to temporarily suspend laws or create new laws to fight the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wxxinews.org/post/cuomos-emergency-powers-questioned|title=Cuomo's emergency powers questioned|first=Karen|last=DeWitt|website=www.wxxinews.org}}</ref> [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|Face masks]] were first mandated by law via an executive order issued by Cuomo on April 15. The order states that face masks must be in all public places when social distancing is not possible, as when people are within six feet of others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/protect-yourself-and-your-family-coronavirus-covid-19|title=Protect Yourself and Your Family from Coronavirus (COVID-19)|website=Department of Health}}</ref><ref name="facemasksrequired">{{Cite web|date=April 15, 2020|title=Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, Governor Cuomo Issues Executive Order Requiring All People in New York to Wear Masks or Face Coverings in Public|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-issues-executive-order-requiring-all-people-new|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200713/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-issues-executive-order-requiring-all-people-new|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 28, another executive order gave business owners the authority to decide whether patrons must wear a face covering to enter.<ref>{{Cite web|title='No Mask – No Entry,' Cuomo Says As He Allows Businesses To Insist On Face Coverings|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/28/864241210/no-mask-no-entry-cuomo-says-as-he-allows-businesses-to-insist-on-face-coverings|access-date=July 23, 2020|website=NPR.org|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200714/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/28/864241210/no-mask-no-entry-cuomo-says-as-he-allows-businesses-to-insist-on-face-coverings|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On May 17, 2021 Governor Cuomo announced the adoption of the new CDC guidelines on mask and social distancing for vaccinated people by May 19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cuomo: NY to Lift Mask, Social Distancing Mandates for the Fully Vaccinated Wednesday|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/anxious-nyers-await-cuomo-mask-decision-as-most-covid-restrictions-end-this-week/3058733/|access-date=2021-05-17|website=NBC New York|language=en-US}}</ref> On May 21, 2021, the NYC Health Department issued guidelines on face coverings for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Fully vaccinated people can forego wearing a mask during certain situations, especially outdoor activities, |
On May 17, 2021, Governor Cuomo announced the adoption of the new CDC guidelines on mask and social distancing for vaccinated people by May 19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cuomo: NY to Lift Mask, Social Distancing Mandates for the Fully Vaccinated Wednesday|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/anxious-nyers-await-cuomo-mask-decision-as-most-covid-restrictions-end-this-week/3058733/|access-date=2021-05-17|website=NBC New York|language=en-US}}</ref> On May 21, 2021, the NYC Health Department issued guidelines on face coverings for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Fully vaccinated people can forego wearing a mask during certain situations, especially outdoor activities. However, face coverings are still required when riding public transportation, in schools or health care facilities, in certain residential facilities, and in stores and restaurants at the discretion of the owner, among other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=NYC Health Department|date=May 21, 2021|title=COVID-19 Face Coverings: Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/imm/covid-19-face-covering-faq.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=The Official Website of the City of New York}}</ref> |
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=== Micro-cluster strategy === |
=== Micro-cluster strategy === |
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* Yellow zone (precautionary zone): limits social gatherings to 25 people, dining to 4 people per table and 50% capacity, and requires mandatory weekly testing for schools |
* Yellow zone (precautionary zone): limits social gatherings to 25 people, dining to 4 people per table and 50% capacity, and requires mandatory weekly testing for schools |
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The original micro-cluster strategy introduced on October 6, 2020 applied additional restrictions until various [[lawsuit]]s |
The original micro-cluster strategy introduced on October 6, 2020 applied additional restrictions until various [[lawsuit]]s lifted them. Court rulings ended the harshest restrictions for places of worship on November 26, for schools on December 1, for gyms and salons on December 11, and for restaurants and bars on January 13, 2021. |
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=== Public transport === |
=== Public transport === |
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New York City issued new commuter guidelines following the start of the outbreak, asking sick individuals to stay off public transit, and encouraging citizens to avoid densely packed buses, [[New York City Subway|subways]], and trains.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-issues-new-commuter-guidelines-to-combat-coronavirus-spread/2317584/|title=NYC Issues New Commuter Guidelines to Combat Coronavirus Spread|website=NBC New York|language=en-US|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604075404/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-issues-new-commuter-guidelines-to-combat-coronavirus-spread/2317584/|url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning March 25, service on buses, subways, and [[commuter rail]] was reduced due to decreased ridership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6047040/|title=Coronavirus New York: MTA launches essential schedule amid COVID-19 crisis|date=March 24, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=March 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326080255/https://abc7ny.com/6047040/|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-suspends-some-lines-of-service-amid-coronavirus-staff-shortages/2341550/|title=MTA Slashes Service, NJ Transit on Reduced Schedules|date=March 24, 2020|website=NBC New York|access-date=March 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326033708/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-suspends-some-lines-of-service-amid-coronavirus-staff-shortages/2341550/|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ridership had decreased by 92% on April 8, when 41 [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA) workers had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7ny.com/coronavirus-new-york-ny-cases-in-news/6086749/|title=Coronavirus News: MTA death toll hits 41, with 1,500 positive cases|date=April 8, 2020|publisher=ABC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604235854/https://abc7ny.com/coronavirus-new-york-ny-cases-in-news/6086749/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 22, 2020, COVID-19 had killed 83 agency employees; that number had increased to 131 by late August.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6388135/|title=Reopen NYC: MTA in worse shape than during the Great Depression, officials say|first=Eyewitness|last=News|date=August 25, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200723/https://abc7ny.com/6388135/|url-status=live}}</ref> The agency announced that their families would be eligible for $500,000 in death benefits.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Guse|first1=Clayton|date=April 14, 2020|title=MTA promises $500k in death benefits for coronavirus victims|publisher=NEW YORK DAILY NEWS|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-line-of-duty-benefits-mta-workers-20200414-dde37iazubaobhsbofk5zvve6y-story.html|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604235819/https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-line-of-duty-benefits-mta-workers-20200414-dde37iazubaobhsbofk5zvve6y-story.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="d">{{cite web|title=Sarah Feinberg is focused on the subway's survival | CSNY|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/sarah-feinberg-focused-subways-survival.html|date=March 25, 2020|publisher=Cityandstateny.com|access-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426204814/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/sarah-feinberg-focused-subways-survival.html|archive-date=April 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
New York City issued new commuter guidelines following the start of the outbreak, asking sick individuals to stay off public transit, and encouraging citizens to avoid densely packed buses, [[New York City Subway|subways]], and trains.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-issues-new-commuter-guidelines-to-combat-coronavirus-spread/2317584/|title=NYC Issues New Commuter Guidelines to Combat Coronavirus Spread|website=NBC New York|language=en-US|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604075404/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nyc-issues-new-commuter-guidelines-to-combat-coronavirus-spread/2317584/|url-status=live}}</ref> Beginning March 25, service on buses, subways, and [[commuter rail]] was reduced due to decreased ridership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6047040/|title=Coronavirus New York: MTA launches essential schedule amid COVID-19 crisis|date=March 24, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=March 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326080255/https://abc7ny.com/6047040/|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-suspends-some-lines-of-service-amid-coronavirus-staff-shortages/2341550/|title=MTA Slashes Service, NJ Transit on Reduced Schedules|date=March 24, 2020|website=NBC New York|access-date=March 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326033708/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-suspends-some-lines-of-service-amid-coronavirus-staff-shortages/2341550/|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ridership had decreased by 92% on April 8, when 41 [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA) workers had died.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7ny.com/coronavirus-new-york-ny-cases-in-news/6086749/|title=Coronavirus News: MTA death toll hits 41, with 1,500 positive cases|date=April 8, 2020|publisher=ABC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604235854/https://abc7ny.com/coronavirus-new-york-ny-cases-in-news/6086749/|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 22, 2020, COVID-19 had killed 83 agency employees; that number had increased to 131 by late August.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6388135/|title=Reopen NYC: MTA in worse shape than during the Great Depression, officials say|first=Eyewitness|last=News|date=August 25, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200723/https://abc7ny.com/6388135/|url-status=live}}</ref> The agency announced that their families would be eligible for $500,000 in death benefits.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Guse|first1=Clayton|date=April 14, 2020|title=MTA promises $500k in death benefits for coronavirus victims|publisher=NEW YORK DAILY NEWS|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-line-of-duty-benefits-mta-workers-20200414-dde37iazubaobhsbofk5zvve6y-story.html|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604235819/https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-line-of-duty-benefits-mta-workers-20200414-dde37iazubaobhsbofk5zvve6y-story.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="d">{{cite web|title=Sarah Feinberg is focused on the subway's survival | CSNY|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/sarah-feinberg-focused-subways-survival.html|date=March 25, 2020|publisher=Cityandstateny.com|access-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426204814/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/sarah-feinberg-focused-subways-survival.html|archive-date=April 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On April 20, four City Council members requested that subway service be temporarily suspended, saying that reduced service had resulted in crowding on the subway and that entire cars had been taken over by homeless people. Their request |
On April 20, four City Council members requested that subway service be temporarily suspended, saying that reduced service had resulted in crowding on the subway and that entire cars had been taken over by homeless people. Their request to shut down the subway was initially rejected by the governor's office<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/18/gov-cuomo-urged-to-shut-down-nyc-subways-to-stop-coronavirus-spread/|title=Gov. Cuomo urged to shut down NYC subways to stop coronavirus spread|date=April 18, 2020|work=New York Post|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605012726/https://nypost.com/2020/04/18/gov-cuomo-urged-to-shut-down-nyc-subways-to-stop-coronavirus-spread/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and criticized by interim New York City Transit President [[Sarah Feinberg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/sarah-feinberg-focused-subways-survival.html|title=Sarah Feinberg is focused on the subway's survival | CSNY|publisher=Cityandstateny.com|date=March 25, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426204814/https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/personality/interviews-profiles/sarah-feinberg-focused-subways-survival.html|archive-date=April 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=April 23, 2020|title=Coronavirus News: MTA losing patience over growing homeless population on subways|url=https://abc7ny.com/mta-nyc-subways-homeless-subway/6123504/|access-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428083354/https://abc7ny.com/mta-nyc-subways-homeless-subway/6123504/|archive-date=April 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> City officials made efforts to place high-risk homeless persons in hotels serving as emergency shelters.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Benavides|first1=Abraham David|last2=Nukpezah|first2=Julius A.|date=July 15, 2020|title=How Local Governments Are Caring for the Homeless During the COVID-19 Pandemic|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0275074020942062|journal=The American Review of Public Administration|volume=50|issue=6–7|pages=650–657|language=en|doi=10.1177/0275074020942062|s2cid=221190452|access-date=October 19, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200722/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0275074020942062|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Greater Resources Required to Protect People Experiencing Homelessness from COVID-19|url=https://poverty.ucdavis.edu/post/greater-resources-required-protect-people-experiencing-homelessness-covid-19|access-date=October 19, 2020|website=Center for Poverty and Inequality Research|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200724/https://poverty.ucdavis.edu/post/greater-resources-required-protect-people-experiencing-homelessness-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Starting in May 2020, stations were closed overnight for cleaning |
Starting in May 2020, subway service and stations were closed overnight for cleaning, as a temporary measure that would end when the pandemic improved sufficiently.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldbaum|first=Christina|date=April 30, 2020|title=N.Y.C.'s Subway, a 24/7 Mainstay, Will Close for Overnight Disinfection|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/nyregion/subway-close-cuomo-coronavirus.html|access-date=April 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604085716/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/nyregion/subway-close-cuomo-coronavirus.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 8, 2020, regular subway and bus service resumed with Phase 1 of the city's reopening, though the overnight subway closure remained in place.<ref name="Bascome 2020">{{cite web|last=Bascome|first=Erik|date=June 2, 2020|title=Full service on MTA buses, subways set to return by June 8|url=https://www.silive.com/coronavirus/2020/06/full-service-on-mta-buses-subways-set-to-return-by-june-8.html|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=silive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611002902/https://www.silive.com/coronavirus/2020/06/full-service-on-mta-buses-subways-set-to-return-by-june-8.html|archive-date=June 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Siff 2020">{{cite web|last=Siff|first=Andrew|date=June 5, 2020|title=MTA Resumes Regular Weekday Service; Overnight 4-Hour Closure Stays|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-to-resume-regular-weekday-service-when-nyc-enters-phase-1-overnight-4-hour-closure-will-stay/2449009/|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=NBC New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608140941/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-to-resume-regular-weekday-service-when-nyc-enters-phase-1-overnight-4-hour-closure-will-stay/2449009/|archive-date=June 8, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Although officials stated that only one percent of subway ridership occurred at night, there were complaints that essential workers were being unnecessarily inconvenienced. Internal MTA sources stated that it was theoretically possible for the MTA to clean the system without closing it.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guse|first=Wes Parnell, Clayton|title=NYC early-shift workers stranded by subway's nightly closures for COVID cleanings — empty trains still run, but they can't ride them|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-subway-closure-overnight-pandemic-20200914-etzmxw5pijbszcythhmfonqope-story.html|access-date=November 20, 2020|website=New York Daily News}}</ref> In February 2021, the overnight closures were shortened to between 2 and 4 a.m.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Goldbaum|first1=Christina|last2=Rosenthal|first2=Brian M.|date=2021-02-15|title=N.Y.C.'s Subway Will Run Longer Into Night Next Week|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/15/world/mta-subway-hours.html|access-date=2021-02-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Guse|first=Clayton|title=Overnight closure of NYC subway to scale back to 2 a.m. to 4 a.m. starting Feb. 22|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-covid-cuomo-subway-reopening-mta-overnight-20210215-pb3wpoi7bzfmdizfmloao4kqrq-story.html|access-date=2021-02-16|website=New York Daily News}}</ref> An app feature was added to the [[MYmta]] app in July 2020 to give riders real time information about the number of riders on buses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2020/07/21/new-mta-app-feature-provides-bus-crowding-info-in-real-time/|title=New MTA app feature provides bus crowding info in real time|first=David|last=Meyer|date=July 21, 2020|access-date=October 5, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200716/https://nypost.com/2020/07/21/new-mta-app-feature-provides-bus-crowding-info-in-real-time/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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By September, over 170 transit workers had reported being assaulted or harassed for asking passengers to wear face masks, including a 62-year-old |
By September 2020, over 170 transit workers had reported being assaulted or harassed for asking passengers to wear face masks, including a 62-year-old bus driver who was knocked unconscious on his route through [[East New York, Brooklyn]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldbaum|first=Christina|date=September 18, 2020|title=When a Bus Driver Told a Rider to Wear a Mask, 'He Knocked Me Out Cold'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/nyregion/mta-bus-mask-covid.html|access-date=October 5, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/nyregion/mta-bus-mask-covid.html|url-status=live}}</ref> prompting officials to implement a $50 fine for riders who refused to wear a face mask. [[Sarah Feinberg]] says the fine is "a last resort" for people who refuse masks after they are offered.<ref name=nydn20201004>{{Cite web|last=Guse|first=Clayton|title='No Talking' signs should be on NYC subway, disease experts say|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-no-talking-rules-nyc-mta-subways-20201004-ghsbvkehtbaktpjqdzg6eudbuy-story.html|access-date=October 5, 2020|date=October 4, 2020|website=New York Daily News|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200723/https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-no-talking-rules-nyc-mta-subways-20201004-ghsbvkehtbaktpjqdzg6eudbuy-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[Jeffrey E. Harris]], a member of the economics faculty at [[MIT]], said service cuts "most likely accelerated the spread of coronavirus." In his study published on April 15 he argued that public transportation was a "major disseminator" of novel coronavirus in New York City. The MTA said the study was "flawed – period."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patch.com/new-york/new-york-city/mta-was-major-disseminator-coronavirus-nyc-study-argues|title=MTA Was 'Major Disseminator' of Coronavirus in NYC, Study Argues|date=April 15, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422193434/https://patch.com/new-york/new-york-city/mta-was-major-disseminator-coronavirus-nyc-study-argues|archive-date=April 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The advice to continue taking public transportation given by city officials during the early stages of the pandemic is now believed to have contributed to the intensity of the outbreak in New York City.<ref>{{Cite |
[[Jeffrey E. Harris]], a member of the economics faculty at [[MIT]], said service cuts "most likely accelerated the spread of coronavirus." In his study published on April 15, 2020, he argued that public transportation was a "major disseminator" of novel coronavirus in New York City. The MTA said the study was "flawed – period."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://patch.com/new-york/new-york-city/mta-was-major-disseminator-coronavirus-nyc-study-argues|title=MTA Was 'Major Disseminator' of Coronavirus in NYC, Study Argues|date=April 15, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422193434/https://patch.com/new-york/new-york-city/mta-was-major-disseminator-coronavirus-nyc-study-argues|archive-date=April 22, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The advice to continue taking public transportation given by city officials during the early stages of the pandemic is now believed to have contributed to the intensity of the outbreak in New York City.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-28/why-was-new-york-hit-so-badly-with-covid-19 |title=Why New York Suffered When Other Cities Were Spared by Covid-19 |first1=Drew |last1=Armstrong |first2=Henry |last2=Goldman |first3=Keshia |last3=Clukey |work=Bloomberg News |date=May 28, 2020|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603143444/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-28/why-was-new-york-hit-so-badly-with-covid-19|archive-date=June 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Public Health Response to the Initiation and Spread of Pandemic COVID-19 in the United States, February 24–April 21, 2020|first=Anne|last=Schuchat|date=December 30, 2020|journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=69|issue=18|pages=551–556|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6918e2|pmid=32379733|pmc=7737947|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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Α report published by the ''Daily News'' on September 29 asserted that there was "no correlation" between mass transit and COVID-19 infection rates. The MTA did not report any deaths between June and September, but lost at least 131 employees to COVID-19 during the first three months of the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guse|first=Clayton|title=It's safe to ride again, says new report asserting COVID-19 doesn't spread on subways, buses; MTA hopes study will lure passengers|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-report-nyc-subway-sam-schwartz-20200929-xj4ylnbeqvfzdap4iiuekvvrgy-story.html|date=September 19, 2020|access-date=October 5, 2020|website=New York Daily News|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200728/https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-report-nyc-subway-sam-schwartz-20200929-xj4ylnbeqvfzdap4iiuekvvrgy-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On October 4, the ''Daily News'' reported that an [[epidemiologist]] affiliated with [[Yale University]] recommended that the MTA should advise riders not to talk to reduce the risk from spreading infectious aerosols. The MTA issued a statement that they were considering "all options".<ref name=nydn20201004/> |
Α report published by the ''Daily News'' on September 29 asserted that there was "no correlation" between mass transit and COVID-19 infection rates. The MTA did not report any deaths between June and September, but lost at least 131 employees to COVID-19 during the first three months of the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guse|first=Clayton|title=It's safe to ride again, says new report asserting COVID-19 doesn't spread on subways, buses; MTA hopes study will lure passengers|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-report-nyc-subway-sam-schwartz-20200929-xj4ylnbeqvfzdap4iiuekvvrgy-story.html|date=September 19, 2020|access-date=October 5, 2020|website=New York Daily News|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200728/https://www.nydailynews.com/coronavirus/ny-coronavirus-report-nyc-subway-sam-schwartz-20200929-xj4ylnbeqvfzdap4iiuekvvrgy-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On October 4, the ''Daily News'' reported that an [[epidemiologist]] affiliated with [[Yale University]] recommended that the MTA should advise riders not to talk to reduce the risk from spreading infectious aerosols. The MTA issued a statement that they were considering "all options".<ref name=nydn20201004/> |
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=== Education === |
=== Education === |
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On March 8, all NYC school trips were canceled.<ref name="NewYork38">[https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/03/08/coronavirus-cuomo-testing-kits-connecticut-new-jersey-outbreaks-new-york-cases/ Coronavirus Update: Cuomo Calls For Private Testing To Match Demand, Wife Of New Rochelle Victim Speaks, Schools Close] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309152732/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/03/08/coronavirus-cuomo-testing-kits-connecticut-new-jersey-outbreaks-new-york-cases/ |date=March 9, 2020 }} [[WCBS-TV|CBS 2]]/[[WLNY-TV|WLNY TV 10/55]]</ref> On March 13, de Blasio stated that he would keep the schools open, citing the need for [[school meal]] programs and [[child care]] to continue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-outbreak-nyc-teachers-furious-over-de-blasio-s-policy-n1159491|title=Coronavirus outbreak: NYC teachers 'furious' over de Blasio's policy to keep schools open|date=March 13, 2020|publisher=NBCnews.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325232502/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-outbreak-nyc-teachers-furious-over-de-blasio-s-policy-n1159491|archive-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref> On March 15, all schools in the [[New York City Department of Education]] (NYCDOE) system closed until at least mid-April.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|title=New York City Public Schools to Close to Slow Spread of Coronavirus|date=March 15, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 26, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326170024/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On March 8, 2020, all NYC school trips were canceled.<ref name="NewYork38">[https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/03/08/coronavirus-cuomo-testing-kits-connecticut-new-jersey-outbreaks-new-york-cases/ Coronavirus Update: Cuomo Calls For Private Testing To Match Demand, Wife Of New Rochelle Victim Speaks, Schools Close] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309152732/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/03/08/coronavirus-cuomo-testing-kits-connecticut-new-jersey-outbreaks-new-york-cases/ |date=March 9, 2020 }} [[WCBS-TV|CBS 2]]/[[WLNY-TV|WLNY TV 10/55]]</ref> On March 13, de Blasio stated that he would keep the schools open, citing the need for [[school meal]] programs and [[child care]] to continue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-outbreak-nyc-teachers-furious-over-de-blasio-s-policy-n1159491|title=Coronavirus outbreak: NYC teachers 'furious' over de Blasio's policy to keep schools open|date=March 13, 2020|publisher=NBCnews.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325232502/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-outbreak-nyc-teachers-furious-over-de-blasio-s-policy-n1159491|archive-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref> On March 15, all schools in the [[New York City Department of Education]] (NYCDOE) system closed until at least mid-April.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|title=New York City Public Schools to Close to Slow Spread of Coronavirus|date=March 15, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 26, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326170024/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/15/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|archive-date=March 26, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On April 11, de Blasio ordered all schools to remain closed for the rest of the academic year, while Cuomo insisted that the authority to close and reopen schools throughout the state belonged to himself as the governor, not to de Blasio or any other mayor.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|title=New York City Schools Are Closed for Rest of Academic Year|date=April 11, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 11, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192306/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|title=Cuomo Urges Caution on Rush to Reopen N.Y.: Live Updates|date=April 11, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 11, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605030343/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 1, Governor Cuomo announced that all schools would be closed for the academic year and continue to provide [[distance education]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, Governor Cuomo Announces Schools and College Facilities Statewide Will Remain Closed for the Rest of the Academic Year|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-schools-and-college-facilities|date=May 1, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503110252/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-schools-and-college-facilities|archive-date=May 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On April 11, de Blasio ordered all schools to remain closed for the rest of the academic year, while Cuomo insisted that the authority to close and reopen schools throughout the state belonged to himself as the governor, not to de Blasio or any other mayor.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|title=New York City Schools Are Closed for Rest of Academic Year|date=April 11, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 11, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604192306/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/nyc-schools-closed.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|title=Cuomo Urges Caution on Rush to Reopen N.Y.: Live Updates|date=April 11, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 11, 2020|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605030343/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 1, Governor Cuomo announced that all schools would be closed for the academic year and continue to provide [[distance education]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, Governor Cuomo Announces Schools and College Facilities Statewide Will Remain Closed for the Rest of the Academic Year|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-schools-and-college-facilities|date=May 1, 2020|website=Governor Andrew M. Cuomo|language=en|access-date=May 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503110252/https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/amid-ongoing-covid-19-pandemic-governor-cuomo-announces-schools-and-college-facilities|archive-date=May 3, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On July 2 |
On July 2, de Blasio announced that schools would be opening in September. Cuomo's office said the final decision will be made by the governor's office,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/02/us/nyc-schools-reopening-de-blasio-trnd/index.html|title=NYC schools will reopen in the fall, the mayor says. The governor says not so fast|author1=Brian Ries|author2=Sheena Jones|website=CNN|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200726/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/02/us/nyc-schools-reopening-de-blasio-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> based on the infection rate in the state: "You can't open a school if the virus is on the increase." New York City said that full remote learning would be an option even if schools do reopen.<ref>{{cite news|title=More Than 1/2 of America Is Now on NY Quarantine List; 10 New States Added Tuesday|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/cuomo-leery-of-2-key-threats-to-new-yorks-covid-progress/2523067/|access-date=July 21, 2020|work=NBC|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200735/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/cuomo-leery-of-2-key-threats-to-new-yorks-covid-progress/2523067/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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As of July 30, the city was planning for 2 to 3 days of classroom instruction, with remote learning on other days. School staff would be tested for COVID-19 before the start of the school year. There were plans for confirmed cases:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/07/30/nyc-schools-coronavirus-response-plan/|title=New York City Reveals Response Plan For COVID-19 Cases In Schools|date=July 30, 2020|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200727/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/07/30/nyc-schools-coronavirus-response-plan/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
As of July 30, the city was planning for 2 to 3 days of classroom instruction, with remote learning on other days. School staff would be tested for COVID-19 before the start of the school year. There were plans for confirmed cases:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/07/30/nyc-schools-coronavirus-response-plan/|title=New York City Reveals Response Plan For COVID-19 Cases In Schools|date=July 30, 2020|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200727/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/07/30/nyc-schools-coronavirus-response-plan/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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#If there were one to two confirmed cases in the same class, the class would switch to full-time remote learning while the students and staff self-quarantined for two weeks. |
#If there were one to two confirmed cases in the same class, the class would switch to full-time remote learning while the students and staff self-quarantined for two weeks. |
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#If there were two or more confirmed cases in multiple classes in one school, the entire school would close and switch to full-time remote learning. [[Contact tracers]] would investigate. |
#If there were two or more confirmed cases in multiple classes in one school, the entire school would close and switch to full-time remote learning. [[Contact tracers]] would investigate. |
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On August 7, Cuomo announced schools could open in the fall if they publicly disclosed plans to address remote learning, testing of virus, and tracing procedures. Of the state's 749 school districts, 127 had not submitted plans, and 50 had submitted incomplete or deficient ones to the Department of Health, including the New York City region which |
On August 7, Cuomo announced schools could open in the fall if they publicly disclosed plans to address remote learning, testing of virus, and tracing procedures. Of the state's 749 school districts, 127 had not submitted plans, and 50 had submitted incomplete or deficient ones to the Department of Health, including the New York City region, which "disappointed" the Governor. This came the same day for a deadline for parents in New York City to choose entirely blended or entirely remote learning for their children.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Culliton|first=Kathleen|date=August 7, 2020|title=NY Schools Can Open But Must Address Transparency, Cuomo Says|url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/08/07/ny-schools-can-open-but-must-address-transparency--cuomo-says|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200730/https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2020/08/07/ny-schools-can-open-but-must-address-transparency--cuomo-says|archive-date=November 16, 2020|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=Spectrum News NY1|language=en}}</ref> On August 10, de Blasio with officials from NYCDOE gave details on their reopening plan in a news conference before the August 14 deadline set by the State.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 10, 2020|title=Transcript: Mayor de Blasio Holds Media Availability|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/581-20/transcript-mayor-de-blasio-holds-media-availability|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200724/https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/581-20/transcript-mayor-de-blasio-holds-media-availability|archive-date=November 16, 2020|access-date=August 10, 2020|website=City of New York}}</ref> |
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In preparation of the first day of classes, the city deployed School Ventilation Teams to inspect public school buildings for problems with windows and supply and exhaust fans. Any rooms that did not meet the ventilation requirements would not be used. Some schools applied for outdoor learning space.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6385936/|title=Concerns raised by principals about NYC's Outdoor Learning Plan|date=August 24, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200730/https://abc7ny.com/6385936/|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 25% of students opted for all-remote learning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6387957/|title=NYC deploys School Ventilation Action Teams to ensure building safety|date=August 25, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://abc7ny.com/6387957/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
In preparation of the first day of classes, the city deployed School Ventilation Teams to inspect public school buildings for problems with windows and supply and exhaust fans. Any rooms that did not meet the ventilation requirements would not be used. Some schools applied for outdoor learning space.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6385936/|title=Concerns raised by principals about NYC's Outdoor Learning Plan|date=August 24, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200730/https://abc7ny.com/6385936/|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 25% of students opted for all-remote learning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7ny.com/6387957/|title=NYC deploys School Ventilation Action Teams to ensure building safety|date=August 25, 2020|website=ABC7 New York|access-date=August 26, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200729/https://abc7ny.com/6387957/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On September 1, Mayor de Blasio and teacher unions reached an agreement to start remote and in-person classes |
On September 1, Mayor de Blasio and teacher unions reached an agreement to start remote and in-person classes on September 21, ten days later than originally scheduled.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Shapiro|first1=Eliza|last2=Rubinstein|first2=Dana|last3=Fitzsimmons|first3=Emma G.|date=September 1, 2020|title=New York City Delays Start of School to Ready for In-Person Classes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/nyregion/schools-open-coronavirus-nyc.html|access-date=September 1, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200723/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/nyregion/schools-open-coronavirus-nyc.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On September 17, |
On September 17, de Blasio announced the shift of the start of the school year again, opting for a phased approach, due to continued obstacles including teacher shortages. Pre-K and students with special needs would begin on September 21, elementary schools on September 29, and middle/high schools on October 1.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|date=September 17, 2020|title=N.Y.C. Will Again Delay Start of In-Person Classes for Most Students|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/17/nyregion/nyc-schools-reopening.html|url-status=live|access-date=September 22, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200726/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/17/nyregion/nyc-schools-reopening.html}}</ref> |
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New targeted closures were put in place in October as clusters with daily rates above city thresholds were identified. All public and private schools in "red zones" were ordered to switch to remote learning for 14 days, but some private schools refused to comply with the order, prompting the governor's office to issue an executive order that schools refusing to comply with closures would lose their funding.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/news/schools-update-cuomo-issues-order-withhold-funding-schools-flouting-covid-restrictions|title=Schools Update: Cuomo Issues Order To Withhold Funding From Schools Flouting COVID Restrictions|date=October 15, 2020|website=Gothamist|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=October 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019191631/https://gothamist.com/news/schools-update-cuomo-issues-order-withhold-funding-schools-flouting-covid-restrictions|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
New targeted closures were put in place in October as clusters with daily rates above city thresholds were identified. All public and private schools in "red zones" were ordered to switch to remote learning for 14 days, but some private schools refused to comply with the order, prompting the governor's office to issue an executive order that schools refusing to comply with closures would lose their funding.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/news/schools-update-cuomo-issues-order-withhold-funding-schools-flouting-covid-restrictions|title=Schools Update: Cuomo Issues Order To Withhold Funding From Schools Flouting COVID Restrictions|date=October 15, 2020|website=Gothamist|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=October 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019191631/https://gothamist.com/news/schools-update-cuomo-issues-order-withhold-funding-schools-flouting-covid-restrictions|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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Schools were closed again on November 19 after the city reached a seven-day rolling average positivity rate of 3%. Some criticized the decision to close |
Schools were closed again on November 19 after the city reached a seven-day rolling average positivity rate of 3%. Some criticized the decision to close schools without also restricting indoor dining and gyms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/11/18/world/covid-19-coronavirus|title=The Coronavirus Has Now Killed 250,000 People in the U.S.|first=Neil|last=MacFarquhar|date=November 18, 2020|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> |
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For the 2021–2022 academic year, teachers and staff are required to be vaccinated.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|date=2021-08-23|title=Educators Will Be First N.Y.C. Workers to Face Full Vaccine Mandate|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/23/nyregion/nyc-schools-vaccine-mandate.html|access-date=2021-08-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
For the 2021–2022 academic year, teachers and staff are required to be vaccinated.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shapiro|first=Eliza|date=2021-08-23|title=Educators Will Be First N.Y.C. Workers to Face Full Vaccine Mandate|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/23/nyregion/nyc-schools-vaccine-mandate.html|access-date=2021-08-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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=== Parks === |
=== Parks === |
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On April 1, Cuomo ordered all playgrounds in the city to be shut down in order to promote [[social distancing]]. Parks would mostly remain open.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barnard|first1=Anne|last2=Schweber|first2=Nate|date=April 1, 2020|title=Cooped-Up Children Lose Refuge as N.Y.C. Playgrounds Are Closed|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-playgrounds-closed.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage|access-date=April 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091005/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-playgrounds-closed.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The exceptions were [[Fort Totten (Queens)|Fort Totten]] in Queens, which was closed to provide a [[staging area]] for first responders, and the [[High Line]], which was closed because it is a [[linear park]] with few means to spread out. Sports fields and facilities were also closed, as were the historic-house museums operated by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Important Parks Department Service Changes Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) : NYC Parks|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/health-and-safety-guide/coronavirus|date=2020|website=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512032633/https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/health-and-safety-guide/coronavirus|archive-date=May 12, 2020|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> With the start of the summer season in May, [[List of beaches in New York|public beaches]] remained closed as well.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=May 16, 2020|title=Summer Is Coming. Don't Count on N.Y.C.'s Beaches for Relief.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/nyregion/nyc-beaches-coronavirus.html|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200733/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/nyregion/nyc-beaches-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On April 1, 2020, Cuomo ordered all playgrounds in the city to be shut down in order to promote [[social distancing]]. Parks would mostly remain open.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barnard|first1=Anne|last2=Schweber|first2=Nate|date=April 1, 2020|title=Cooped-Up Children Lose Refuge as N.Y.C. Playgrounds Are Closed|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-playgrounds-closed.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage|access-date=April 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091005/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/01/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-playgrounds-closed.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The exceptions were [[Fort Totten (Queens)|Fort Totten]] in Queens, which was closed to provide a [[staging area]] for first responders, and the [[High Line]], which was closed because it is a [[linear park]] with few means to spread out. Sports fields and facilities were also closed, as were the historic-house museums operated by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Important Parks Department Service Changes Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) : NYC Parks|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/health-and-safety-guide/coronavirus|date=2020|website=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512032633/https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/health-and-safety-guide/coronavirus|archive-date=May 12, 2020|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> With the start of the summer season in May, [[List of beaches in New York|public beaches]] remained closed as well.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=May 16, 2020|title=Summer Is Coming. Don't Count on N.Y.C.'s Beaches for Relief.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/nyregion/nyc-beaches-coronavirus.html|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200733/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/nyregion/nyc-beaches-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On May 7, de Blasio said that entry to public parks may be limited to prevent overcrowding and to promote social distancing.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 7, 2020|title=N.Y.C. May Limit Entry to Parks to Prevent Crowds|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/nyregion/coronavirus-ny-nyc-live.html|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604223649/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/nyregion/coronavirus-ny-nyc-live.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was later announced that access might also be limited within parts of parks, such as [[Sheep Meadow]] at Central Park.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 15, 2020|title=Beaches Will Open, With Limits, by Memorial Day Weekend: Live Updates|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604232318/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 1, the city's public beaches were opened.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=July 3, 2020|title='Free Again': New Yorkers, Virus in Mind, Head Back to Their Beaches|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/03/nyregion/beaches-open-nyc.html|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200746/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/03/nyregion/beaches-open-nyc.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 16, the [[High Line]] reopened to the public with free timed-entry passes in order to limit capacity |
On May 7, de Blasio said that entry to public parks may be limited to prevent overcrowding and to promote social distancing.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 7, 2020|title=N.Y.C. May Limit Entry to Parks to Prevent Crowds|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/nyregion/coronavirus-ny-nyc-live.html|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604223649/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/nyregion/coronavirus-ny-nyc-live.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was later announced that access might also be limited within parts of parks, such as [[Sheep Meadow]] at Central Park.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 15, 2020|title=Beaches Will Open, With Limits, by Memorial Day Weekend: Live Updates|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604232318/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html|archive-date=June 4, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 1, the city's public beaches were opened.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=July 3, 2020|title='Free Again': New Yorkers, Virus in Mind, Head Back to Their Beaches|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/03/nyregion/beaches-open-nyc.html|access-date=July 4, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200746/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/03/nyregion/beaches-open-nyc.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 16, the [[High Line]] reopened to the public with free timed-entry passes in order to limit capacity and allow social distancing.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Elize|last1=Manoukian|first2=Leonard|last2=Greene|title=A walk in the park: NYC's High Line reopens with several changes after four-month shutdown|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-highline-park-reopening-20200716-qzrczgeokjevxdxuj3jp3itsvq-story.html|access-date=August 13, 2020|website=New York Daily News|date=July 16, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200814/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-highline-park-reopening-20200716-qzrczgeokjevxdxuj3jp3itsvq-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the summer 2020 season, several pools reopened with limited capacity in July and August.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kim|first=Juliana|date=July 24, 2020|title='I Missed You, Pool': Children Rejoice as N.Y.C. Public Pools Finally Open|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/24/nyregion/nyc-pools-open.html|access-date=January 11, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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=== Open space === |
=== Open space === |
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==== Open streets ==== |
==== Open streets ==== |
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On April 27, de Blasio announced plans to convert {{convert|40|to|100|mi}} of streets to [[Shared space|open street]]s. The affected streets would be closed to through traffic and blocked-off by temporary wooden or metal barricades with DOT signage. The purpose of the Open Streets is to provide "the space for essential workers to pursue safer commuting options, provide outdoor opportunities for vulnerable New Yorkers, and give families the chance to play beyond the four walls of their home".<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York City Council and Mayor de Blasio Announce Plans to Implement up to 100 Miles of Safe Streets|url=https://council.nyc.gov/press/2020/04/27/1943/|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Press|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200801/https://council.nyc.gov/press/2020/04/27/1943/|url-status=live}}</ref> The totals reached {{convert|44|mi}} in May and {{convert|67|mi}} in June.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2020|title=De Blasio Announces 13 More Miles of Open Streets, Making NYC the Nation's Leader (Finally!)|url=https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/22/de-blasio-announces-13-more-miles-of-open-streets-making-nyc-the-nations-leader-finally/|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Streetsblog New York City|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/22/de-blasio-announces-13-more-miles-of-open-streets-making-nyc-the-nations-leader-finally/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On April 27, 2020, de Blasio announced plans to convert {{convert|40|to|100|mi}} of streets to [[Shared space|open street]]s. The affected streets would be closed to through traffic and blocked-off by temporary wooden or metal barricades with DOT signage. The purpose of the Open Streets is to provide "the space for essential workers to pursue safer commuting options, provide outdoor opportunities for vulnerable New Yorkers, and give families the chance to play beyond the four walls of their home".<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York City Council and Mayor de Blasio Announce Plans to Implement up to 100 Miles of Safe Streets|url=https://council.nyc.gov/press/2020/04/27/1943/|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Press|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200801/https://council.nyc.gov/press/2020/04/27/1943/|url-status=live}}</ref> The totals reached {{convert|44|mi}} in May and {{convert|67|mi}} in June.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2020|title=De Blasio Announces 13 More Miles of Open Streets, Making NYC the Nation's Leader (Finally!)|url=https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/22/de-blasio-announces-13-more-miles-of-open-streets-making-nyc-the-nations-leader-finally/|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Streetsblog New York City|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2020/05/22/de-blasio-announces-13-more-miles-of-open-streets-making-nyc-the-nations-leader-finally/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The program has been largely successful, but has received some criticism from transit activists due to the poor enforcement and upkeep of barricades, the choice of segments which are too-short or border existing parks, and racial and socio-economic disparity in street choice and upkeep.<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff/david-cruz|date=June 21, 2020|title=Open Streets Program Rife With Little Enforcement And Many Broken Barricades|url=http://gothamist.com/news/open-streets-program-rife-little-enforcement-and-broken-barricades|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Gothamist|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714003618/https://gothamist.com/news/open-streets-program-rife-little-enforcement-and-broken-barricades|archive-date=July 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
The program has been largely successful, but has received some criticism from transit activists due to the poor enforcement and upkeep of barricades, the choice of segments which are too-short or border existing parks, and racial and socio-economic disparity in street choice and upkeep.<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff/david-cruz|date=June 21, 2020|title=Open Streets Program Rife With Little Enforcement And Many Broken Barricades|url=http://gothamist.com/news/open-streets-program-rife-little-enforcement-and-broken-barricades|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Gothamist|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714003618/https://gothamist.com/news/open-streets-program-rife-little-enforcement-and-broken-barricades|archive-date=July 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==== Open restaurants ==== |
==== Open restaurants ==== |
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[[File:Street Restaurant (50296229191).jpg|thumb|Masked New Yorkers walk by a restaurant providing outdoor dining under Open Restaurants]] |
[[File:Street Restaurant (50296229191).jpg|thumb|Masked New Yorkers walk by a restaurant providing outdoor dining under Open Restaurants]] |
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On June 22, the city initiated the Open Restaurants program, permitting restaurants to apply to use the sidewalk or curb lane adjacent to their business for outdoor dining, in order to promote open space, encourage social distancing, and help businesses economically recover.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Cuozzo|first=Steve|date=September 5, 2020|title=COVID-19 silver lining: Outdoor dining turned hurting NYC into wonderland|url=https://nypost.com/2020/09/05/covid-19-silver-lining-outdoor-dining-turned-hurting-nyc-into-wonderland/|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=New York Post|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200748/https://nypost.com/2020/09/05/covid-19-silver-lining-outdoor-dining-turned-hurting-nyc-into-wonderland/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Open Restaurants|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pedestrians/openrestaurants.shtml|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=www1.nyc.gov|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pedestrians/openrestaurants.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> By September 5, 10,000 restaurants had participated.<ref name=":3" /> Additionally, starting in July, some of the open streets were made available for outdoor dining from Friday through Sunday.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adams|first=Erika|date=July 2, 2020|title=22 NYC Streets Will Be Closed Off Starting Today for Outdoor Dining|url=https://ny.eater.com/2020/7/2/21311258/nyc-restaurants-outdoor-dining-open-streets-plan|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Eater NY|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://ny.eater.com/2020/7/2/21311258/nyc-restaurants-outdoor-dining-open-streets-plan|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On June 22, 2020, the city initiated the Open Restaurants program, permitting restaurants to apply to use the sidewalk or curb lane adjacent to their business for outdoor dining, in order to promote open space, encourage social distancing, and help businesses economically recover.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Cuozzo|first=Steve|date=September 5, 2020|title=COVID-19 silver lining: Outdoor dining turned hurting NYC into wonderland|url=https://nypost.com/2020/09/05/covid-19-silver-lining-outdoor-dining-turned-hurting-nyc-into-wonderland/|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=New York Post|language=en-US|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200748/https://nypost.com/2020/09/05/covid-19-silver-lining-outdoor-dining-turned-hurting-nyc-into-wonderland/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Open Restaurants|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pedestrians/openrestaurants.shtml|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=www1.nyc.gov|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pedestrians/openrestaurants.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> By September 5, 10,000 restaurants had participated.<ref name=":3" /> Additionally, starting in July, some of the open streets were made available for outdoor dining from Friday through Sunday.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adams|first=Erika|date=July 2, 2020|title=22 NYC Streets Will Be Closed Off Starting Today for Outdoor Dining|url=https://ny.eater.com/2020/7/2/21311258/nyc-restaurants-outdoor-dining-open-streets-plan|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=Eater NY|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://ny.eater.com/2020/7/2/21311258/nyc-restaurants-outdoor-dining-open-streets-plan|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On September 25, de Blasio in an interview with [[WNYC]] announced the outdoor dining and open streets programs would be extended indefinitely. The Open Restaurants program had been set to expire on October 31.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fortney|first=Luke|date=September 25, 2020|title=Outdoor Dining Season Is Officially Forever|url=https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/25/21450844/outdoor-dining-permanent-restaurants-nyc|access-date=September 25, 2020|website=Eater NY|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/25/21450844/outdoor-dining-permanent-restaurants-nyc|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On September 25, de Blasio in an interview with [[WNYC]] announced the outdoor dining and open streets programs would be extended indefinitely. The Open Restaurants program had been set to expire on October 31.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fortney|first=Luke|date=September 25, 2020|title=Outdoor Dining Season Is Officially Forever|url=https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/25/21450844/outdoor-dining-permanent-restaurants-nyc|access-date=September 25, 2020|website=Eater NY|language=en|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200749/https://ny.eater.com/2020/9/25/21450844/outdoor-dining-permanent-restaurants-nyc|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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===Temporary burials=== |
===Temporary burials=== |
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[[File:COVID-19 burials on Hart Island.webm|thumb|COVID-19 burials on Hart Island]] |
[[File:COVID-19 burials on Hart Island.webm|thumb|COVID-19 burials on Hart Island]] |
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On April 6, ''The New York Times'' reported that the city's overall death rate had tripled and that morgues were overwhelmed. After councilman [[Mark D. Levine]] tweeted that temporary internment "likely will be done by using a NYC park for burials", NYC officials said they were not considering temporary burials in city parks.<ref>{{cite web|last=Marsh|first=Julia|url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/nyc-to-begin-temporarily-burying-coronavirus-victims-in-local-parks/|title=NYC may temporarily bury coronavirus victims on Hart Island|publisher=Nypost.com|date=January 1, 1970|access-date=April 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407220252/https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/nyc-to-begin-temporarily-burying-coronavirus-victims-in-local-parks/|archive-date=April 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/nyc-to-start-temporary-burials-for-covid-19-victims-likely-in-trenches-in-nyc-parks-levine/2361777/|title=Temporary Burials Possible for COVID-19 Victims, But NYC Park Trenches Plan Denied|date=April 6, 2020|publisher=NBC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605014737/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/nyc-to-start-temporary-burials-for-covid-19-victims-likely-in-trenches-in-nyc-parks-levine/2361777/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On April 6, 2020, ''The New York Times'' reported that the city's overall death rate had tripled and that morgues were overwhelmed. After councilman [[Mark D. Levine]] tweeted that temporary internment "likely will be done by using a NYC park for burials", NYC officials said they were not considering temporary burials in city parks.<ref>{{cite web|last=Marsh|first=Julia|url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/nyc-to-begin-temporarily-burying-coronavirus-victims-in-local-parks/|title=NYC may temporarily bury coronavirus victims on Hart Island|publisher=Nypost.com|date=January 1, 1970|access-date=April 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407220252/https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/nyc-to-begin-temporarily-burying-coronavirus-victims-in-local-parks/|archive-date=April 7, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/nyc-to-start-temporary-burials-for-covid-19-victims-likely-in-trenches-in-nyc-parks-levine/2361777/|title=Temporary Burials Possible for COVID-19 Victims, But NYC Park Trenches Plan Denied|date=April 6, 2020|publisher=NBC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605014737/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/nyc-to-start-temporary-burials-for-covid-19-victims-likely-in-trenches-in-nyc-parks-levine/2361777/|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The mayor's press secretary said that a next resort could be to store or bury bodies on [[Hart Island (Bronx)|Hart Island]] off the coast of the Bronx in the [[Long Island Sound]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Feuer|first1=Alan|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/nyregion/mass-graves-nyc-parks-coronavirus.html|title=The New York City Considers Temporary Graves for Virus Victims|date=April 6, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 7, 2020|last2=Stack|first2=Liam|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605084716/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/nyregion/mass-graves-nyc-parks-coronavirus.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Following reports that mass burials had begun there,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52241221|title=New York digging mass graves amid virus outbreak|date=April 10, 2020|website=BBC News|access-date=April 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410100336/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52241221|archive-date=April 10, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gothamist2">{{cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/mass-burials-hart-island-increase-fivefold-covid-19-death-toll-skyrockets|title=Mass Burials On Hart Island Increase Fivefold As COVID-19 Death Toll Skyrockets|date=April 9, 2020|website=Gothamist|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410110654/https://gothamist.com/news/mass-burials-hart-island-increase-fivefold-covid-19-death-toll-skyrockets|archive-date=April 10, 2020|access-date=April 10, 2020}}</ref> the mayor clarified that Hart Island was only being used for unclaimed bodies or for those who chose it as a burial place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/new-york-coronavirus-cases-burials-bodies-covid-19-hart-island-a9459956.html|title=New York rules out mass Covid burials but admits 'devastating' Hart Island pictures are 'unclaimed' victims|date=April 10, 2020|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=April 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605014726/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/new-york-coronavirus-cases-burials-bodies-covid-19-hart-island-a9459956.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Bodies are ordinarily held at the city's morgues anywhere from 30 to 60 days, but to make room for the influx of deceased individuals during the pandemic, the city's medical examiner's office announced a new policy of holding unclaimed bodies for only up to 15 days before they are transferred to the island.<ref name="Politifact-Hart-Island">{{cite web|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/15/facebook-posts/fact-checking-posts-about-mass-graves-nyc/|title=Fact-checking posts about mass graves in NYC|last=Putterman|first=Samantha|date=April 15, 2020|website=PolitiFact|publisher=The Poynter Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425131054/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/15/facebook-posts/fact-checking-posts-about-mass-graves-nyc/|archive-date=April 25, 2020|access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref> |
The mayor's press secretary said that a next resort could be to store or bury bodies on [[Hart Island (Bronx)|Hart Island]] off the coast of the Bronx in the [[Long Island Sound]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Feuer|first1=Alan|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/nyregion/mass-graves-nyc-parks-coronavirus.html|title=The New York City Considers Temporary Graves for Virus Victims|date=April 6, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 7, 2020|last2=Stack|first2=Liam|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605084716/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/nyregion/mass-graves-nyc-parks-coronavirus.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Following reports that mass burials had begun there,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52241221|title=New York digging mass graves amid virus outbreak|date=April 10, 2020|website=BBC News|access-date=April 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410100336/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52241221|archive-date=April 10, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gothamist2">{{cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/news/mass-burials-hart-island-increase-fivefold-covid-19-death-toll-skyrockets|title=Mass Burials On Hart Island Increase Fivefold As COVID-19 Death Toll Skyrockets|date=April 9, 2020|website=Gothamist|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410110654/https://gothamist.com/news/mass-burials-hart-island-increase-fivefold-covid-19-death-toll-skyrockets|archive-date=April 10, 2020|access-date=April 10, 2020}}</ref> the mayor clarified that Hart Island was only being used for unclaimed bodies or for those who chose it as a burial place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/new-york-coronavirus-cases-burials-bodies-covid-19-hart-island-a9459956.html|title=New York rules out mass Covid burials but admits 'devastating' Hart Island pictures are 'unclaimed' victims|date=April 10, 2020|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=April 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605014726/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/new-york-coronavirus-cases-burials-bodies-covid-19-hart-island-a9459956.html|archive-date=June 5, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Bodies are ordinarily held at the city's morgues anywhere from 30 to 60 days, but to make room for the influx of deceased individuals during the pandemic, the city's medical examiner's office announced a new policy of holding unclaimed bodies for only up to 15 days before they are transferred to the island.<ref name="Politifact-Hart-Island">{{cite web|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/15/facebook-posts/fact-checking-posts-about-mass-graves-nyc/|title=Fact-checking posts about mass graves in NYC|last=Putterman|first=Samantha|date=April 15, 2020|website=PolitiFact|publisher=The Poynter Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425131054/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/apr/15/facebook-posts/fact-checking-posts-about-mass-graves-nyc/|archive-date=April 25, 2020|access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref> |
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The pandemic also affected commercial real estate, as office workers started [[telecommuting]]. Even after office buildings were allowed to reopen in June 2020 during Phase 2 of reopening, less than one-tenth of the city's office workers had gone back to their workplaces by August. According to a ''New York Times'' article in September 2020, only one-fourth of large employers anticipated that their employees would return to their offices by December, while 54% expected their employees to return by the following July. Commercial office leases in the first eight months of 2020 also decreased sharply compared to in the first eight months of 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Creswell|first1=Julie|last2=Eavis|first2=Peter|date=September 8, 2020|title=Manhattan's Office Buildings Are Empty. But for How Long?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/business/economy/new-york-office-space-coronavirus.html|access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200754/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/business/economy/new-york-office-space-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result of the pandemic, some office workers had decided to telecommute permanently. By December 2020, commercial rents along retail corridors in Manhattan had declined 13 percent from the previous year, and 14 percent of Midtown Manhattan office space was vacant.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Haag|first1=Matthew|last2=Rubinstein|first2=Dana|date=December 11, 2020|title=Midtown Is Reeling. Should Its Offices Become Apartments?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/11/nyregion/nyc-commercial-real-estate.html|access-date=December 11, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
The pandemic also affected commercial real estate, as office workers started [[telecommuting]]. Even after office buildings were allowed to reopen in June 2020 during Phase 2 of reopening, less than one-tenth of the city's office workers had gone back to their workplaces by August. According to a ''New York Times'' article in September 2020, only one-fourth of large employers anticipated that their employees would return to their offices by December, while 54% expected their employees to return by the following July. Commercial office leases in the first eight months of 2020 also decreased sharply compared to in the first eight months of 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Creswell|first1=Julie|last2=Eavis|first2=Peter|date=September 8, 2020|title=Manhattan's Office Buildings Are Empty. But for How Long?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/business/economy/new-york-office-space-coronavirus.html|access-date=September 8, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200754/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/business/economy/new-york-office-space-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result of the pandemic, some office workers had decided to telecommute permanently. By December 2020, commercial rents along retail corridors in Manhattan had declined 13 percent from the previous year, and 14 percent of Midtown Manhattan office space was vacant.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Haag|first1=Matthew|last2=Rubinstein|first2=Dana|date=December 11, 2020|title=Midtown Is Reeling. Should Its Offices Become Apartments?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/11/nyregion/nyc-commercial-real-estate.html|access-date=December 11, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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The moratorium on residential eviction for tenants with a [[COVID-related hardship]] was extended until May, and |
The moratorium on residential eviction for tenants with a [[COVID-related hardship]] was extended until May 2021, and required documentation to show hardship to prevent eviction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/29/951042050/new-york-approves-eviction-moratorium-until-may|title=New York Approves Eviction Moratorium Until May|website=NPR.org}}</ref> |
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===Recovery=== |
===Recovery=== |
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One year into the pandemic the city's economic recovery was about halfway to early March 2020 levels.<ref name=ny1>https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/03/24/the-new-york-city-recovery-index--march-22</ref> |
One year into the pandemic the city's economic recovery was about halfway to early March 2020 levels.<ref name=ny1>https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2021/03/24/the-new-york-city-recovery-index--march-22</ref> |
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===Deaths=== |
===Deaths=== |
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Several prominent restaurant owners and chefs have died of COVID-19, including Indian chef [[Floyd Cardoz]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/new-york-state/article/people/groundbreaking-indian-chef-floyd-cardoz-dies|title=Remembering Chef Floyd Cardoz|date=March 26, 2020|work=Michelin Guide|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502054838/https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/new-york-state/article/people/groundbreaking-indian-chef-floyd-cardoz-dies|archive-date=May 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Andreas Koutsoudakis (who opened the Gee Whiz diner in [[Tribeca]] in 1989).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribecacitizen.com/2020/03/29/andy-koutsoudakis-sr-owner-of-tribecas-kitchen-dies-from-the-coronavirus/|title=Andy Koutsoudakis Sr., owner of Tribeca's Kitchen, dies from the coronavirus|date=March 29, 2020|work=Tribeca Citizen|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529070429/https://tribecacitizen.com/2020/03/29/andy-koutsoudakis-sr-owner-of-tribecas-kitchen-dies-from-the-coronavirus/|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Maria Mercader]], a news producer at CBS, died on March 29, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/29/us/maria-mercader-death-trnd/index.html|title=CBS journalist Maria Mercader dies at 54 of coronavirus|date=March 30, 2020|work=CNN|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414065702/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/29/us/maria-mercader-death-trnd/index.html|archive-date=April 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Remembering CBS News journalist Maria Mercader|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/video/remembering-cbs-news-journalist-maria-mercader/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330235009/https://www.cbsnews.com/video/remembering-cbs-news-journalist-maria-mercader/|archive-date=March 30, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020|work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Yasharoff|first=Hannah|title=CBS mourns longtime journalist Maria Mercader, who died at 54 from coronavirus|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/03/29/coronavirus-cbs-news-maria-mercader-dies-covid-19-age-54/2936246001/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331021320/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/03/29/coronavirus-cbs-news-maria-mercader-dies-covid-19-age-54/2936246001/|archive-date=March 31, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> Musician [[Alan Merrill]] died on March 29, 2020, at Mount Sinai Hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/the-new-yorkers-lost-to-coronavirus/|title=These are just a handful of the New Yorkers lost to coronavirus|date=April 6, 2020|work=New York Post|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528160130/https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/the-new-yorkers-lost-to-coronavirus/|archive-date=May 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
Several prominent restaurant owners and chefs have died of COVID-19, including Indian chef [[Floyd Cardoz]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/new-york-state/article/people/groundbreaking-indian-chef-floyd-cardoz-dies|title=Remembering Chef Floyd Cardoz|date=March 26, 2020|work=Michelin Guide|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502054838/https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/new-york-state/article/people/groundbreaking-indian-chef-floyd-cardoz-dies|archive-date=May 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Andreas Koutsoudakis (who opened the Gee Whiz diner in [[Tribeca]] in 1989).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribecacitizen.com/2020/03/29/andy-koutsoudakis-sr-owner-of-tribecas-kitchen-dies-from-the-coronavirus/|title=Andy Koutsoudakis Sr., owner of Tribeca's Kitchen, dies from the coronavirus|date=March 29, 2020|work=Tribeca Citizen|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529070429/https://tribecacitizen.com/2020/03/29/andy-koutsoudakis-sr-owner-of-tribecas-kitchen-dies-from-the-coronavirus/|archive-date=May 29, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Maria Mercader]], a news producer at CBS, died on March 29, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/29/us/maria-mercader-death-trnd/index.html|title=CBS journalist Maria Mercader dies at 54 of coronavirus|date=March 30, 2020|work=CNN|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414065702/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/29/us/maria-mercader-death-trnd/index.html|archive-date=April 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Remembering CBS News journalist Maria Mercader|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/video/remembering-cbs-news-journalist-maria-mercader/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330235009/https://www.cbsnews.com/video/remembering-cbs-news-journalist-maria-mercader/|archive-date=March 30, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020|work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Yasharoff|first=Hannah|title=CBS mourns longtime journalist Maria Mercader, who died at 54 from coronavirus|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/03/29/coronavirus-cbs-news-maria-mercader-dies-covid-19-age-54/2936246001/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331021320/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/03/29/coronavirus-cbs-news-maria-mercader-dies-covid-19-age-54/2936246001/|archive-date=March 31, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> Musician [[Alan Merrill]] died on March 29, 2020, at Mount Sinai Hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/the-new-yorkers-lost-to-coronavirus/|title=These are just a handful of the New Yorkers lost to coronavirus|date=April 6, 2020|work=New York Post|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528160130/https://nypost.com/2020/04/06/the-new-yorkers-lost-to-coronavirus/|archive-date=May 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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===Variants=== |
===Variants=== |
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By March 2021, the [[Lineage B.1.526|B.1.526 variant]] (believed to have developed locally in NYC) accounted for over 45% of new cases in the city. The variant first appeared in samples collected in the city in November 2020 and accounted for an alarming rise of variants in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=A New Coronavirus Variant Is Spreading in New York, Researchers Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/health/coronavirus-variant-nyc.html |website=nytimes.com |access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=variants>https://abcnews.go.com/Health/covid-19-cases-plateaued-york-city-experts-find/story?id=76472072</ref> |
By March 2021, the [[Lineage B.1.526|B.1.526 variant]] (believed to have developed locally in NYC) accounted for over 45% of new cases in the city. The variant first appeared in samples collected in the city in November 2020 and accounted for an alarming rise of variants in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=A New Coronavirus Variant Is Spreading in New York, Researchers Report |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/health/coronavirus-variant-nyc.html |website=nytimes.com |access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=variants>https://abcnews.go.com/Health/covid-19-cases-plateaued-york-city-experts-find/story?id=76472072</ref> |
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The first case of [[P.1 variant]] (Brazil) was identified on March 20. The [[UK variant]] has also been spreading. While the UK variant was becoming dominant in the rest of the United States, in NYC the New York variant has been spreading even faster.<ref name=variants/> |
The first case of [[P.1 variant]] (Brazil) was identified on March 20. The [[UK variant]] has also been spreading. While the UK variant was becoming dominant in the rest of the United States, in NYC the New York variant has been spreading even faster.<ref name=variants/> |
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In total, the three variants accounted for 65.1% of new cases by late March.<ref name=variants/> |
In total, the three variants accounted for 65.1% of new cases by late March 2021.<ref name=variants/> By July, the more-severe [[Delta variant]] became the dominant strain.<ref name=delta/> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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On April 5, 2020, it was reported that 51% of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in NYC involved people at least 50 years old.<ref name=april6/> In previous weeks, the dominant cohort of cases had been men between 18 and 49 years of age.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/03/20/majority-of-nycs-coronavirus-cases-are-men-between-18-and-49-years-old/|title=Majority of NYC's coronavirus cases are men between 18 and 49 years old|date=March 20, 2020|publisher=New York Post|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531043321/https://nypost.com/2020/03/20/majority-of-nycs-coronavirus-cases-are-men-between-18-and-49-years-old/|archive-date=May 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7ny.com/cuomo-new-york-coronavirus-in/6038951/|title=Coronavirus Updates: People 18–49 represent 53% of coronavirus cases in New York|publisher=ABC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502124219/https://abc7ny.com/cuomo-new-york-coronavirus-in/6038951/|archive-date=May 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
On April 5, 2020, it was reported that 51% of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in NYC involved people at least 50 years old.<ref name=april6/> In previous weeks, the dominant cohort of cases had been men between 18 and 49 years of age.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/03/20/majority-of-nycs-coronavirus-cases-are-men-between-18-and-49-years-old/|title=Majority of NYC's coronavirus cases are men between 18 and 49 years old|date=March 20, 2020|publisher=New York Post|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531043321/https://nypost.com/2020/03/20/majority-of-nycs-coronavirus-cases-are-men-between-18-and-49-years-old/|archive-date=May 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abc7ny.com/cuomo-new-york-coronavirus-in/6038951/|title=Coronavirus Updates: People 18–49 represent 53% of coronavirus cases in New York|publisher=ABC|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502124219/https://abc7ny.com/cuomo-new-york-coronavirus-in/6038951/|archive-date=May 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In April, |
In April 2020, ''The New York Times'' reported that the virus was twice as deadly for Black and Latino people than whites in New York City.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last1=Mays|first1=Jeffery C.|last2=Newman|first2=Andy|date=April 8, 2020|title=Virus Is Twice as Deadly for Black and Latino People Than Whites in N.Y.C.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/nyregion/coronavirus-race-deaths.html|access-date=September 6, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200757/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/nyregion/coronavirus-race-deaths.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Officials attribute this difference to longstanding inequalities of health care access, economic status, prevalence of chronic health issues or other co-morbidities, and the fact that Black and Latino people might be over represented among essential workers.<ref name="auto"/> 75% of front line workers are minorities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/new-york-citys-frontline-workers/|title=New York City's Frontline Workers|access-date=September 6, 2020|website=comptroller.nyc.gov|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200756/https://comptroller.nyc.gov/reports/new-york-citys-frontline-workers/|url-status=live}}</ref> By early May, over 5,200 Latinos in the city had died of COVID-19, making them the ethnic group with the highest number of deaths from the disease.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This New York pastor says his parish lost 44 people to coronavirus|url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2020/05/us/new-york-church-coronavirus-deaths-cnnphotos/|last1=Shoichet|first1=Catherine E.|last2=Burke|first2=Daniel|date=May 2020|website=www.cnn.com|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514011201/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2020/05/us/new-york-church-coronavirus-deaths-cnnphotos/|archive-date=May 14, 2020|access-date=May 14, 2020}}</ref> |
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COVID-19 is also considered to disproportionately affect low-income immigrants, who may have higher risk of exposure, misinformation, and be hesitant to access care.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ross|first1=Jonathan|last2=Diaz|first2=Chanelle M.|last3=Starrels|first3=Joanna L.|date=August 1, 2020|title=The Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 for Immigrants in the Bronx, New York|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2765826|journal=JAMA Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=180|issue=8|pages=1043–1044|doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2131|pmid=32383754|issn=2168-6106|doi-access=free|access-date=September 6, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200803/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2765826|url-status=live}}</ref> |
COVID-19 is also considered to disproportionately affect low-income immigrants, who may have higher risk of exposure, misinformation, and be hesitant to access care.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ross|first1=Jonathan|last2=Diaz|first2=Chanelle M.|last3=Starrels|first3=Joanna L.|date=August 1, 2020|title=The Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 for Immigrants in the Bronx, New York|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2765826|journal=JAMA Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=180|issue=8|pages=1043–1044|doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2131|pmid=32383754|issn=2168-6106|doi-access=free|access-date=September 6, 2020|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200803/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2765826|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Adapted from nyc.gov.<ref name="nyc_gov_data" /> Note that the cases are by date of diagnosis, and deaths are by date of death. Due to delays in reporting, historical counts may be subject to change and ''recent data may be incomplete.'' |
Adapted from nyc.gov.<ref name="nyc_gov_data" /> Note that the cases are by date of diagnosis, and deaths are by date of death. Due to delays in reporting, historical counts may be subject to change and ''recent data may be incomplete.'' |
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=== |
=== COVID-19 cases over time === |
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<!-- Data lives on Commons. Per talk page, do NOT add counts for the current or previous day, since they are incomplete and can throw off the charts --> |
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{{Graph:Lines |
{{Graph:Lines |
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=== COVID-19 deaths over time === |
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{{Graph:Lines |
{{Graph:Lines |
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| table=COVID-19 cases in New York City.tab |
| table=COVID-19 cases in New York City.tab |
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=== All-cause deaths === |
=== All-cause deaths over time === |
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Weekly all-cause deaths in New York City |
Weekly all-cause deaths in New York City:<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/excess_deaths.htm "Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19"], CDC.</ref> |
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{{Graph:Chart |
{{Graph:Chart |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[List of disasters in New York City by death toll]] |
* [[List of disasters in New York City by death toll]] |
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*[[Healthcare in New York City]] |
* [[Healthcare in New York City]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{Commons category|COVID-19 pandemic in New York City}} |
{{Commons category|COVID-19 pandemic in New York City}} |
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* [https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-main.page |
* [https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-main.page "COVID-19"], NYC Department of Health – advice, guidance, data. |
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* [https://www.schools.nyc.gov/school-life/health-and-wellness/coronavirus-update NYC Department of Education |
* [https://www.schools.nyc.gov/school-life/health-and-wellness/coronavirus-update "COVID Information"], NYC Department of Education – for school parents. |
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⚫ | |||
* [https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page Official COVID-19 Data collected by the NYC Health Department] |
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⚫ | |||
{{COVID-19 pandemic|locations}} |
{{COVID-19 pandemic|locations}} |
Revision as of 11:37, 28 August 2021
COVID-19 pandemic in New York City | |
---|---|
![]() | |
![]() Confirmed cases per 100,000 residents in the greater New York City area, as of July 3, 2020 | |
Disease | COVID-19 |
Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
Standort | New York City, New York, United States New York Metropolitan Area (depending on criteria of study) |
First outbreak | Wuhan, Hubei, China |
Index case | Manhattan |
Arrival date | mid-February[1] (first case found March 1)[2] |
Confirmed cases | |
Hospitalized cases | 118,891[4] |
Deaths | 33,779 (28,618 confirmed, 5,161 probable)[4] |
Government website | |
www |
The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City was confirmed on March 1, 2020, though later research showed the virus had been circulating in New York City since January, with cases of community transmission confirmed as early as February. By March 29, over 30,000 cases were confirmed, and New York City had become the worst-affected area in the United States. There were over 2,000 deaths by April 6; at that stage, the city had more confirmed coronavirus cases than China, the U.K., or Iran. Bodies of the deceased were picked up from their homes by the US Army, National Guard, and Air National Guard.
On March 20, the governor's office issued an executive order closing "non-essential" businesses. The city's public transportation system remained open, but service was substantially reduced. By April, hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers were out of work, with lost tax revenues estimated to run into the billions of dollars. Low-income jobs in the retail, transportation, and restaurant sectors were especially affected. Over the course of the year, average residential and commercial rents both declined more than 10% in Manhattan, and vacancies surged.
The first phase of reopening began in June 2020 with reduced occupancy ceilings. Schools reopened in September. The police department was ordered to enforce public health measures and conduct emergency inspections at private schools. Spikes in infection rates were observed in some neighborhoods, prompting tighter restrictions in ZIP codes that were identified as "cluster" areas. Public schools were closed again to in-person learning in November, as the seven-day rolling average positivity rate continued to rise over 3%. Indoor dining was suspended again on December 14. COVID-19 vaccinations began at nursing homes on December 21. Public health researchers estimated that 44% of all metro New York residents had been infected by December 31.
Face masks in public areas were mandated throughout New York State by an executive order on April 15, 2020. The ongoing pandemic is the deadliest disaster by death toll in the history of New York City.[5][6][7] As of August 13, 2021[update], confirmed deaths exceeded 28,000 and probable deaths exceeded 5,000.[4]
As of August 2, 2021[update], New York City has administered 10,616,315 COVID-19 vaccine doses.[8]
Timeline
Before March 2020
The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in New York State on March 1, 2020, in a 39-year-old health care worker who had returned home to Manhattan from Iran on February 25.[9][10] Genomic analyses suggest the disease had been introduced to New York as early as January, and that most cases were linked to Europe, rather than Asia.[1]
A Queens man contracted COVID-19 via community transmission in late February, falling ill on February 29.[11]
March 2020
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/One_Grand_Central_Place_on_March_3%2C_2020.jpg/220px-One_Grand_Central_Place_on_March_3%2C_2020.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Interim_MTA_NYCT_President_Sarah_Feinberg%27s_First_Day_%2849639838632%29.jpg/220px-Interim_MTA_NYCT_President_Sarah_Feinberg%27s_First_Day_%2849639838632%29.jpg)
On March 3, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that the first recorded case of person-to-person spread in New York State had been confirmed via a New Rochelle man who was working at a law firm within One Grand Central Place in Midtown Manhattan.[12] Six days later, on March 9, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in New York City.[13] Cuomo announced a New Rochelle "containment area" on March 10,[14] and the World Health Organization declared a global COVID–19 pandemic on March 11.[15]
The virus then grew exponentially; by March 25, over 17,800 cases had been confirmed in New York City, with 199 deaths.[16] At the time, the city's infection rate was five times higher than the rest of the country, and its cases were one-third of total confirmed US cases.[17] The reasons for the high infection rate continue to be discussed.[18] On March 27, infection in New York City surpassed 23,000, with 365 deaths. Queens was the worst-affected borough by number of deaths, with over a third of total deaths; the majority of the deceased had underlying health issues.[19] Between March 28 and 29, the number of deaths in New York City tripled from the previous 24-hour period; 222 people died of the virus, bringing the city's fatalities to 672, with 30,765 confirmed cases.[20]
New York City also saw the first case of an animal in North America testing positive for COVID-19. After the Bronx Zoo closed in mid-March, two Malayan tigers at the zoo showed signs of COVID-19 toward the end of the month. Nadia and her sister Azul both had a dry cough, wheezing, and neglected meals. Nadia and her sister both tested positive for COVID-19, while seven other large cats at the zoo also showed signs of COVID. It was assumed that the Bronx Zoo cats may have contracted the virus from humans. The area around the Zoo had been hit by the virus in high numbers.[21][22]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mortuary_Trucks_in_New_York_City_by_Archer_West.jpg/220px-Mortuary_Trucks_in_New_York_City_by_Archer_West.jpg)
The USNS Comfort hospital ship arrived in New York Harbor on March 30.[23] Field hospitals were also set up in several places citywide.[24][25] Refrigerator trucks were set up on city streets outside hospitals to accommodate the overflow of bodies of the deceased.[26] On March 31, the first death of a child from COVID-19 in New York City was recorded.[27]
April 2020
On April 4, Governor Cuomo announced that the Chinese government had arranged for a donation of 1,000 ventilators to be sent to New York through foundations run by Jack Ma and Joseph Tsai.[28] The state of Oregon was reported to be sending 140 ventilators.[29] Trump announced that 1,000 additional federal medical soldiers would be deployed to New York City.[30] It was reported that "Urban Area Medical Task Forces" made up of army reservists would be working in the New York City field hospitals and other parts of the country.[31] As of April 4[update], there were 1,200 medical military personnel serving on the USNS Comfort. 2,700 New York State National Guard forces had also been deployed.[28]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/COVID-19_Closed_Retailers_-_Morris_Park_The_Bronx.jpg/220px-COVID-19_Closed_Retailers_-_Morris_Park_The_Bronx.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Victoria_mask_dummies_jeh.jpg/220px-Victoria_mask_dummies_jeh.jpg)
On April 5, it was reported that a tiger at the Bronx Zoo had contracted COVID-19, the first known case of a tiger anywhere being infected with the disease. Several other "big cats" were found to have COVID-19, the first of which had started showing symptoms on March 27; they were believed to have contracted COVID-19 from an infected zookeeper who was not yet showing symptoms.[32] This was also the first known case of an animal contracting the disease from human contact in the US.[33] On April 22 it was reported that four additional tigers plus three lions had tested positive.[34]
On April 6, there were 72,181 confirmed cases, with at least 2,475 deaths. NYC accounted for 25% of COVID-19 deaths in the United States.[35] The next day Gothamist reported that the death toll in New York City was undercounted.[36] It was estimated that 1,125 people had died at home or on the street in NYC in the first five days of April, an eight-fold increase compared with FDNY figures for 2019. Due to the large increase, many of the deaths were presumed to be caused by COVID-19, but only residents with confirmed infections had been recorded in the official count. Due to the crisis circumstances of the pandemic, the real death toll was unknown. Bodies of those who had died at home, around 280 per day, were being picked up by the US Army, National Guard, and Air National Guard.[37]
Some of the communities most affected by the pandemic included densely-populated neighborhoods in north-central Queens with high immigrant populations, including Corona, East Elmhurst, Elmhurst, and Jackson Heights. As of April 8[update], these communities, with a cumulative 600,000 residents, had recorded 7,260 COVID-19 cases.[38] On April 23, state officials said that based on preliminary antibody testing results, they estimated around 21.2% of city residents had contracted COVID-19.[39]
May 2020
On May 10, de Blasio said 38 children were known to be affected by an inflammatory syndrome believed to be linked to an immune response to COVID-19.[40] Known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), this life-threatening condition resembles Kawasaki disease and other pediatric inflammatory conditions, such as toxic shock syndrome.[41] Symptoms include high fevers that can last for days, rash, racing heart beat, changes in skin color, redness of the tongue, and severe abdominal pain.[40] At least one child had died in New York City, and two additional deaths were reported statewide. The link with COVID-19 has not yet been proven.[42] On May 19, Cuomo confirmed 137 cases of the illness, stating it was "the tip of the iceberg" with 90% of the cases testing positive for the virus or antibodies.[43] By May 26, three deaths and 89 cases of MIS-C had been confirmed in the city, mostly affecting children and teenagers. Doctors reported that the risk of death or serious illness for MIS-C was mitigated by early detection. Hospitals were instructed to prioritize kids for testing.[44]
A survey conducted May 5–12 and reported in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report found that 42% of 286 respondents residing in the New York City metropolitan area knew someone who had tested positive for COVID-19, and 23.1% knew someone who had died.[45]
During May, COVID-19 cases started to decline.[46] After the George Floyd protests in New York City started in late May, public officials expressed concern about the spread of COVID-19 via the crowded events.[47]
June 2020
On June 8, the city commenced the first phase of its reopening plan after meeting seven conditions of the stay-at-home order, which had been put in place three months earlier.[48] Safety protocols were put in place to limit occupancy of confined spaces, like elevators, to one person at a time, and occupancy ceilings were reduced to under 50% of their usual capacity.[49] On June 24, New York state, along with New Jersey and Connecticut, began requiring travelers to self-quarantine for 14 days if traveling from an area with high infection rates.[50]
July 2020
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Masked_Prometheus_jeh.jpg/220px-Masked_Prometheus_jeh.jpg)
Patience and Fortitude, the lion statues outside the New York Public Library Main Branch, were masked as a symbol of the city's resilience.[51] Health experts noted that the effectiveness of contact tracing in preventing resurgence would depend on careful monitoring of hospitalizations and targeted testing of high-risk populations to screen for asymptomatic carriers.[51] COVID hospitalizations fell below 700, the lowest levels since mid-March, but more cases were reported in the age group between 21 and 30.[52]
Plans to open indoor dining during the Phase 3 reopening were postponed due to the heightened risks posed by customers refusing to wear face masks and the uncertain role of air conditioning on spread in indoor spaces. Indoor dining in other states has resulted in superspreading at certain venues. To compensate in part, outdoor space was expanded by shutting down certain areas to create more space for outdoor eating.[53][54] Plans to reopen museums in Phase 4 were also postponed.[55]
The governor's office announced that malls would be allowed to reopen only after installation of antiviral air filtration systems, which was opposed by mall owners and their tenants.[56]
In late July, over 130 bars were cited for violations of COVID related regulations. The governor warned bars would be shut down again if compliance did not improve. At least 40 businesses lost their liquor licenses between March and August. Some restaurants reported difficulty controlling the crowds gathered outside, despite hiring security.[57]
On July 11, a seven-year-old German Shepherd named Buddy died of COVID-19. He tested positive back in mid-April when his owners noticed he was having trouble breathing. He was the first dog in the United States to test positive for COVID-19.[58][59]
August 2020
By August 1, the total number of establishments who had their liquor licenses suspended for not following social distancing guidelines had risen to 52.[60] In mid-August, Cuomo announced that bowling alleys would be able to reopen on August 17, and museums and other cultural institutions on August 24, at reduced capacity.[61][62]
September 2020
On the nineteenth anniversary ceremony of the September 11 attacks at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, the reading of names of victims, usually by family members, was instead recorded in advance. Mask protocols and social distance measures were also in place. The Tunnels to Towers foundation held a simultaneous memorial nearby at Zuccotti Park where around 125 family members took part in reading names.[63]
In late September, parents of yeshiva students in Brooklyn were texted "DO NOT test your child for Covid," advised not to report symptoms consistent with COVID-19 and told that it was "up to parents" to prevent the school from being closed.[64]
On September 25, 37 people tested positive for COVID-19 after a sweet sixteen party at the Miller Place Inn. The inn was fined $10,000 for violating COVID restrictions.[65]
By the end of September, de Blasio had ordered the police department to enforce public health guidelines in several Orthodox Jewish neighborhoods and conduct emergency inspections at private religious schools.[66] President Trump's views on masks were embraced by residents of these neighborhoods, who refused to wear masks or follow the social distancing restrictions. The rate of infection in some predominantly Orthodox neighborhoods rose to six times higher than the rest of the city. City health officials said another lockdown might be needed, similar to the one imposed in Israel, which at the time had the highest per-capita rate of new cases of any country.[67]
October 2020
In early October, the city was still in Phase 4 of reopening, which included museums, gardens, botanical gardens and gyms. Twenty ZIP Codes were identified as cluster areas, with an average 5.2% of positive tests, relatively high compared to the rest of New York State. These 20 ZIP Codes contained 26% of all positive cases in the state on October 2.[68] In response, the governor's office announced what they called "direct enforcement" of COVID-19 related restrictions in high-risk neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens. The mayor's office proposed closing businesses deemed "non-essential" and on-site dining. In-person schooling would have to shut down in nine ZIP Codes with 14-day positivity rates over 3%, while another eleven ZIP Codes were placed on a "watch list" because their positivity rates were 1–3%.[69][70] A twelfth ZIP Code was placed on the "watch list" on October 5, the same day that the governor's office rejected the mayor's plan to close non-essential businesses.[71][72]
Community leaders from the Jewish communities in Queens, including the neighborhoods of Rego Park, Kew Gardens, and Kew Gardens Hills, expressed concerns that singling out neighborhoods and ZIP Codes was unfairly targeting the Jewish community.[73][74][75] Barry Grodenchik said that, "One of the worst things is Jews being blamed for outbreaks and epidemics...slander is akin to murder." Councilwoman Karen Koslowitz said Kew Gardens and Rego Park are diverse neighborhoods and that it was unnecessary to single out Orthodox Jewish communities.[76]
On October 6, Governor Andrew Cuomo introduced a "micro-cluster strategy." The new plan places new restrictions in cluster areas that have spikes in COVID-19 cases. The first areas to experience these new restrictions were parts of Brooklyn and Queens. On October 7, protesters opposing the micro-cluster strategy burned masks in the street and set a fire in Borough Park.[77][78][79] Clusters have been added and removed since October 6.
There were 779 hospitalizations on October 9, the highest number reported since July 15. Significant fines of up to $15,000 per day were put in place for mass gatherings, and up to $1,000 per day for violations of social distancing and mask-wearing rules. Over the first weekend under the new rules the city issued over $150,000 in fines.[80] Religious communities have protested the restrictions. A federal judge denied to grant an injunction to prevent restrictions on mass gatherings in houses of worship in red zones, ruling that the state had a compelling state interest to protect the "health and life of all New Yorkers" and that the restrictions were not motivated by any animus.[81][82] The United States Supreme Court declined to hear similar cases on appeal from two other states.[83]
The New York Sheriff's Office broke up a rave party with over 100 attendees in Queens on October 11. The organizers were charged with multiple criminal offenses, as well as violations of the park and health codes.[84]
On October 17, a wedding at North Fork Country Club with 91 guests resulted in at least 30 positive cases.[85] Suffolk County Executive Steven Bellone recommended the country club be fined $17,000 for having a non-essential gathering of more than 50 people. In Bellport, a birthday party with 50 attendees resulted in at least 26 positive cases.[85]
November 2020
On November 10, Governor Cuomo stated that starting November 13 for the entirety of New York state, gatherings were to be limited to 10 people, and gyms, bars, and restaurants must close by 10 pm, with local municipalities handling enforcement responsibility. This came as the positivity rate in the city climbed back up to 2.52%, levels not seen since early June, according to Mayor de Blasio.[86][87]
Public schools were closed indefinitely on November 19 after the rolling seven-day average reached 3%.[88] Despite calls from health experts to close indoor dining before it was too late "to reverse the tide of new infections," the governor's office declined to impose restrictions until the statistical thresholds were met. The mayor's office took charge of closing schools only. Some epidemiologists and public health officials have criticized the decision to close schools, while allowing indoor dining to continue.[88] The school-closure policy was partly reversed less than two weeks later, with de Blasio announcing that elementary schools would resume in-person learning from December 7.[89][90] However, intermediate and high schools would remain closed through 2021.[91]
By late November, the governor's office was warning that the entire city was approaching the threshold for the "orange zone" designation that would close indoor dining, salons and gyms.[92]
On November 29, New York City police shut down an illegal bottle club with nearly 400 people in attendance. The four party organizers were arrested and charged with holding a mass gathering against health orders and not having a liquor license.[93]
December 2020
In the first week of December, there was controversy when a Staten Island tavern, Mac's Public House, publicized its violation of restrictions on bars and restaurants. The bar had continued to offer indoor dining despite Cuomo's prohibition on indoor dining, and continued to serve liquor after the New York State Liquor Authority had suspended its liquor license.[94][95][96] After the New York City Sheriff's Office shut down Mac's on December 1 and arrested its owner,[97] several hundred people gathered to protest the shutdown.[94][95][98]
After warning it was likely,[99] Governor Cuomo announced that indoor dining would be suspended on December 14.[100]
COVID-19 vaccinations at nursing homes began on December 21.[101]
A video of 50 members of maskless dancers at a Republican Club party in Queens went viral on December 22. At the time, gatherings of more than ten people were prohibited.[102]
On December 23, following concerns over a new SARS-CoV-2 variant from the United Kingdom, de Blasio issued an order for travelers from the UK to quarantine or otherwise face fines of $1,000.[103]
On December 27, New York State announced a criminal investigation into ParCare Community Health Network for "fraudulently" obtaining vaccine doses and administering them to persons who were not within the designated priority groups to receive the first doses of vaccine. ParCare is owned and operated by Hasidic business owner Gary Schlesinger. The clinic denies the allegations.[104][105]
Public health researchers estimated that 44 percent of metro New York residents had been infected by December 31, 2020, based on a combination of virus testing, antibody testing, fatality counts, and population mobility data.[106][107]
January 2021
![Flyer posted on Roosevelt Island, offering help in scheduling COVID-19 vaccine appointments for individuals belonging to vulnerable populations in March 2021.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Help_with_Vaccine_Scheduling_in_March_2021.jpg/220px-Help_with_Vaccine_Scheduling_in_March_2021.jpg)
New York State lowered its vaccine age from 75 to 65 on January 11, 2021.[108] As of January 25, 2021, 628,831 vaccines had been administered in New York City.[109] During the last week of the month, the city was averaging 5,000 new cases per day and around 60 deaths per day.[110] Brooklyn's Bensonhurst and Brighton Beach neighborhoods, Queens's South Ozone Park and Flushing neighborhoods, Staten Island's South Beach area, and Manhattan's Washington Heights neighborhood were the hardest hit areas at the time, with positive test results in the 10% range.[111]
February 2021
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mask_vending_Turnstile_shopping_2021_jeh.jpg/220px-Mask_vending_Turnstile_shopping_2021_jeh.jpg)
In February 2021, New York City expanded its Phase 1b to include restaurant workers (including delivery workers) and taxi drivers (including FHV drivers).[112][113]
On February 8, it was announced that public middle schools would reopen for in-person learning on February 25.[114]
The MTA announced that overnight subway service, suspended since May 2020, would be partially restored as long as hospitalization and infection rates continued to decrease. On February 14, the closing times for restaurants, bars, gyms and other establishments was extended to 11 p.m.[115]
March 2021
On March 8, it was announced that public high schools would reopen for in-person learning on March 22.[116]
The "cluster zone" restrictions were lifted in late March. Indoor fitness classes resumed. Vaccine eligibility was expanded to New Yorkers over the age of 50. The first case of the Brazilian P.1 variant was confirmed.[117]
April 2021
On April 29, de Blasio announced that New York City would fully reopen on July 1.[118]
May 2021
In early May 2021, Cuomo announced that the overnight subway closures would end on May 17, 2021, with 24-hour service resuming on that date.[119][120]
On May 12, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority launched a five-day pilot project of walk-up COVID-19 vaccination sites in eight of its subway, Metro-North and Long Island Rail Road stations.[121] This pilot project was subsequently extended another week at Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal.[122][123] Over 11,000 people received the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine as part of the program.[124]
June 2021
By June, the city's overall testing positivity rate had reached its lowest since the pandemic began. Since the first vaccines arrived in December, over 8,408,000 doses have been administered.[125] Governor Cuomo reopened the entirety of New York State on June 15, two weeks ahead of Mayor Bill de Blasio's planned July 1 reopening.[126]
July 2021
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Essential_Worker_Parade_NYC_7_July_2021.jpg/220px-Essential_Worker_Parade_NYC_7_July_2021.jpg)
On July 7, 2021, the city held a "Hometown Heroes" ticker tape parade to honor healthcare professionals and essential workers for their work during the pandemic.[127] The Uniformed Firefighters Association asked its members to boycott the event, however, saying that COVID-related risks to firefighters had not yet ended, citing the case of a union member who was in the ICU with COVID-related pneumonia at the time of the parade.[128] The Uniformed EMS Officers Union also asked its members not to attend the parade due to an ongoing dispute with the city over a lack of hazard pay during the pandemic.[129]
On July 23, 2021, the city's health department announced that daily average cases were 32% higher than the prior week and that the Delta variant had become the dominant COVID strain, accounting for 57% of citywide samples over a four-week period. Mayor Bill de Blasio responded to the new data by pleading with private employers to "move immediately to some form of mandate" for COVID-19 vaccination.[130]
August 2021
On August 2, 2021, de Blasio recommended that vaccinated people wear masks in indoor settings, following CDC guidance and a continued uptick in positive COVID cases due to the Delta variant.[131] The next day, it was announced that masks would be required indoors beginning August 16.[132]
On August 3, de Blasio announced that New York City would become the first in the United States to require proof of vaccination for workers and customers at all indoor dining establishments, gyms, entertainment venues, and performances. As of August 16, patrons would be expected to show either their vaccination cards or one of two authorized vaccine passport apps: the city's NYC COVID Safe app or the state's Excelsior app.[133] The requirement will start to be enforced in September.[134]
Following the announcement of the citywide vaccination requirement, the New York Young Republican Club began to organize an opposition movement. A march on Gracie Mansion took place on August 15, featuring speakers such as Curtis Sliwa, Guardian Angels founder and 2021 New York Republican mayoral candidate, and Andrew Giuliani, the eldest child of Rudy Giuliani and 2022 New York Republican gubernatorial candidate.[135]
On August 23, de Blasio said that all Department of Education employees—including teachers, principals, and other staff—must receive at least the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine by September 27.[136]
Government response
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coronavirus_sign_in_Brooklyn_%2860539%29.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_sign_in_Brooklyn_%2860539%29.jpg)
On March 2, de Blasio tweeted that people should ignore the virus and "go on with your lives + get out on the town despite Coronavirus."[137] At a press conference the next day, New York City Commissioner of Health Oxiris Barbot said, "We are encouraging New Yorkers to go about their everyday lives."[138] On March 4, she said, "There's no indication that being in a car, being in the subways with someone who's potentially sick is a risk factor."[139] New York City Council members Robert Holden and Eric Ulrich wrote to Mayor de Blasio asking him to relieve Barbot of her position.[139] (She ultimately resigned on August 4.)[140]
On March 7, Cuomo declared a state of emergency in New York State after 89 cases had been confirmed in the state, 70 of them in Westchester County, 12 in New York City, and 7 elsewhere.[141]
On April 20, de Blasio announced that major events had been cancelled through June, including the Pride March and the Puerto Rican Day Parade.[142]
On August 5, de Blasio announced that COVID-19 checkpoints would be set up at major crossings and tunnels to help enforcement of a mandatory 14-day quarantine for travelers from areas of a high transmission rate per Cuomo's order, in coordination with the New York's Sheriff department.[143] Failure to comply with this order would result in fines ranging from $2,000 to $10,000 with de Blasio adding, "We're not going to let our hard work slip away and will continue to do everything we can to keep New Yorkers safe and healthy."[144][145]
Stay-at-home order
On March 14, before the statewide stay-at-home order (also known as the "New York State on PAUSE" executive order) was put in place, all New York Public Library branches in the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island were temporarily closed. The Queens Public Library and Brooklyn Public Library were also closed.[146][147][148] Theaters, concert venues, and nightclubs in NYC have been shut down since March 17, and restaurants were restricted to take-out and delivery only. Schools were closed until at least April 20.[149] Gyms were closed as well.[150]
On March 17, despite de Blasio's message to New Yorkers that they should be "prepared right now" for the possibility of "shelter in place" orders, Cuomo expressed doubts about whether the policy would be effective. The governor's office issued a statement that the shelter in place order could only be put in place by the governor's office; the Mayor's office agreed.[150][151] On March 20, with 5,683 confirmed cases in NYC, the governor's office issued the PAUSE order that would go into effect on March 22 at 8 PM. The order put in place the following restrictions, summarized in the executive order in ten points:[152]
- Effective at 8pm on Sunday, March 22, all non-essential businesses statewide will be closed;
- Non-essential gatherings of individuals of any size for any reason (e.g. parties, celebrations or other social events) are canceled or postponed at this time;
- Any concentration of individuals outside their home must be limited to workers providing essential services and social distancing should be practiced;
- When in public individuals must practice social distancing of at least six feet from others;
- Businesses and entities that provide other essential services must implement rules that help facilitate social distancing of at least six feet;
- Individuals should limit outdoor recreational activities to non-contact and avoid activities where they come in close contact with other people;
- Individuals should limit use of public transportation to when absolutely necessary and should limit potential exposure by spacing out at least six feet from other riders;
- Sick individuals should not leave their home unless to receive medical care and only after a telehealth visit to determine if leaving the home is in the best interest of their health;
- Young people should also practice social distancing and avoid contact with vulnerable populations;
- Use precautionary sanitizer practices such as using isopropyl alcohol wipes.
The governor said the provisions would be enforced. Businesses that violated the order faced fines and closure.[153][154] Businesses that qualified as "essential businesses" under the stay-at-home order included but were not limited to:[153]
- utility companies
- banks
- pharmacies
- laundromats
- gas stations
- grocers, restaurants, and convenience stores
- liquor stores
- hardware stores
- auto repair shops
- delivery services
- skilled contractors like plumbers
- health care providers
- warehouses
- manufacturers
- construction companies
- animal-care providers
On April 6, the statewide PAUSE order was extended through April 29. The rate of increase had slowed from 10,000 new confirmed cases daily to 8,700. Intubation and ICU admission rates were slowing. Fines for violating social distancing protocols were increased from $500 to $1,000.[35] On April 16, the statewide PAUSE order was extended through May 15, in coordination with the newly established "Eastern States Multi-state Council".[155]
Four-phase reopening plan
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Street_dining_on_W51_jeh.jpg/220px-Street_dining_on_W51_jeh.jpg)
Governor Andrew Cuomo first announced a four-phase reopening plan for businesses on May 7. In order for the New York City region to begin reopening in Phase 1, it needed to meet these seven metrics:
- 14-day decline in hospitalizations or under 15 new hospitalizations (3-day average)
- 14-day decline in hospitalized deaths or under 5 new (3-day average)
- New hospitalizations — under 2 per 100,000 residents (3-day rolling average)
- Share of total beds available (threshold of 30 percent)
- Share of ICU beds available (threshold of 30 percent)
- 30 per 1,000 residents tested monthly (7-day average of new tests per day)
- 30 contact tracers per 100,000 residents or to meet current infection rate.
As of July 20, the four-phase reopening plan for New York City was detailed as follows:[156]
- Phase 1: construction, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and select retail that can offer curbside pickup.
- Phase 2: outdoor dining at restaurants, hair salons and barber shops, offices, real estate firms, in-store retail, vehicle sales, retail rental, repair services, cleaning services, and commercial building management.
- Phase 3: indoor dining at restaurants and bars at 50% capacity (excluding New York City) and personal care services.
- Phase 4: low-risk outdoor activities at 33% capacity (outdoor zoos, botanical gardens, nature parks, historical sites, outdoor museums, etc.); low-risk indoor activities at 25% capacity are allowed in Phase 4 regions outside of New York City.[157]
Some types of businesses, such as drive-in theaters, landscaping and gardening, and places of worship, were allowed to reopen regardless of the phase as part of a separate executive order. On May 14, Governor Cuomo issued an executive order to extend the PAUSE order through May 28 for New York City and other regions that did not meet the state's requirements to begin Phase 1 of reopening.[158][159] A week later, it still had only met four of seven reopening conditions.[160]
Phase 1 of reopening in New York City began on June 8.[48][161][162] In total, between 200,000 and 400,000 people were expected to return to work during Phase 1.[163] On June 22, the region moved to Phase 2 with an expected 300,000 returning to work. Cuomo announced in late June that shopping malls would need to install virus-filtering air conditioning systems before reopening.[164] On July 6, New York City entered Phase 3, excluding indoor dining.[53] On July 20, the region entered Phase 4.[165][166]
On August 17, Cuomo announced gyms and fitness centers would be able to reopen starting August 24 and no later than September 2. Gyms would be required to limit their capacity to 33%, mandate mask wearing at all times, and maintain proper ventilation systems.[167][168]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Cafe_du_Soleil_bubble_%282%29_jeh.jpg/220px-Cafe_du_Soleil_bubble_%282%29_jeh.jpg)
In a press conference on September 9, Cuomo announced New York City would be permitted to resume indoor dining services at 25 percent capacity on September 30.
Social distancing and face masks
Social distancing has been recommended nationwide by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization since COVID-19 was first declared a national health emergency back in March 2020.[169] It was mandated by Cuomo on March 20 as part of the statewide stay-at-home order.[152]
In early March, the New York Legislature granted Cuomo the power to temporarily suspend laws or create new laws to fight the pandemic.[170] Face masks were first mandated by law via an executive order issued by Cuomo on April 15. The order states that face masks must be in all public places when social distancing is not possible, as when people are within six feet of others.[171][172] On May 28, another executive order gave business owners the authority to decide whether patrons must wear a face covering to enter.[173]
On May 17, 2021, Governor Cuomo announced the adoption of the new CDC guidelines on mask and social distancing for vaccinated people by May 19.[174] On May 21, 2021, the NYC Health Department issued guidelines on face coverings for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Fully vaccinated people can forego wearing a mask during certain situations, especially outdoor activities. However, face coverings are still required when riding public transportation, in schools or health care facilities, in certain residential facilities, and in stores and restaurants at the discretion of the owner, among other activities.[175]
Micro-cluster strategy
Governor Andrew Cuomo introduced a micro-cluster strategy on October 6, 2020. The new plan places new restrictions in cluster areas that have spikes in COVID-19 cases. The first areas to experience these new restrictions were parts of Brooklyn and Queens. The cluster areas are further zoned with three levels of restrictions, which consist of the following as of January 13, 2021:
- Red zone (most extreme): prohibits all social gatherings, closes all non-essential businesses (except places of worship), and limits schools to remote only
- Orange zone (warning zone): limits social gatherings to 10 people, dining to 4 people per table and 50% capacity, requires mandatory weekly testing for schools, and reduced capacity and increased testing for salons
- Yellow zone (precautionary zone): limits social gatherings to 25 people, dining to 4 people per table and 50% capacity, and requires mandatory weekly testing for schools
The original micro-cluster strategy introduced on October 6, 2020 applied additional restrictions until various lawsuits lifted them. Court rulings ended the harshest restrictions for places of worship on November 26, for schools on December 1, for gyms and salons on December 11, and for restaurants and bars on January 13, 2021.
Public transport
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/NYC_Bus_with_%22masks_required%22_sign.jpg/220px-NYC_Bus_with_%22masks_required%22_sign.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NYC_Subway_Covid-19_Distancing_Sticker.jpg/220px-NYC_Subway_Covid-19_Distancing_Sticker.jpg)
New York City issued new commuter guidelines following the start of the outbreak, asking sick individuals to stay off public transit, and encouraging citizens to avoid densely packed buses, subways, and trains.[176] Beginning March 25, service on buses, subways, and commuter rail was reduced due to decreased ridership.[177][178] Ridership had decreased by 92% on April 8, when 41 Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) workers had died.[179] By April 22, 2020, COVID-19 had killed 83 agency employees; that number had increased to 131 by late August.[180] The agency announced that their families would be eligible for $500,000 in death benefits.[181][182]
On April 20, four City Council members requested that subway service be temporarily suspended, saying that reduced service had resulted in crowding on the subway and that entire cars had been taken over by homeless people. Their request to shut down the subway was initially rejected by the governor's office[183] and criticized by interim New York City Transit President Sarah Feinberg.[184][185] City officials made efforts to place high-risk homeless persons in hotels serving as emergency shelters.[186][187]
Starting in May 2020, subway service and stations were closed overnight for cleaning, as a temporary measure that would end when the pandemic improved sufficiently.[188] On June 8, 2020, regular subway and bus service resumed with Phase 1 of the city's reopening, though the overnight subway closure remained in place.[189][190] Although officials stated that only one percent of subway ridership occurred at night, there were complaints that essential workers were being unnecessarily inconvenienced. Internal MTA sources stated that it was theoretically possible for the MTA to clean the system without closing it.[191] In February 2021, the overnight closures were shortened to between 2 and 4 a.m.[192][193] An app feature was added to the MYmta app in July 2020 to give riders real time information about the number of riders on buses.[194]
By September 2020, over 170 transit workers had reported being assaulted or harassed for asking passengers to wear face masks, including a 62-year-old bus driver who was knocked unconscious on his route through East New York, Brooklyn,[195] prompting officials to implement a $50 fine for riders who refused to wear a face mask. Sarah Feinberg says the fine is "a last resort" for people who refuse masks after they are offered.[196]
Jeffrey E. Harris, a member of the economics faculty at MIT, said service cuts "most likely accelerated the spread of coronavirus." In his study published on April 15, 2020, he argued that public transportation was a "major disseminator" of novel coronavirus in New York City. The MTA said the study was "flawed – period."[197] The advice to continue taking public transportation given by city officials during the early stages of the pandemic is now believed to have contributed to the intensity of the outbreak in New York City.[198][199]
Α report published by the Daily News on September 29 asserted that there was "no correlation" between mass transit and COVID-19 infection rates. The MTA did not report any deaths between June and September, but lost at least 131 employees to COVID-19 during the first three months of the pandemic.[200] On October 4, the Daily News reported that an epidemiologist affiliated with Yale University recommended that the MTA should advise riders not to talk to reduce the risk from spreading infectious aerosols. The MTA issued a statement that they were considering "all options".[196]
Subway ridership increased slowly in the early months of 2021 but not enough to reach pre-pandemic levels.[201]
Bildung
On March 8, 2020, all NYC school trips were canceled.[202] On March 13, de Blasio stated that he would keep the schools open, citing the need for school meal programs and child care to continue.[203] On March 15, all schools in the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) system closed until at least mid-April.[204]
On April 11, de Blasio ordered all schools to remain closed for the rest of the academic year, while Cuomo insisted that the authority to close and reopen schools throughout the state belonged to himself as the governor, not to de Blasio or any other mayor.[205][206] On May 1, Governor Cuomo announced that all schools would be closed for the academic year and continue to provide distance education.[207]
On July 2, de Blasio announced that schools would be opening in September. Cuomo's office said the final decision will be made by the governor's office,[208] based on the infection rate in the state: "You can't open a school if the virus is on the increase." New York City said that full remote learning would be an option even if schools do reopen.[209]
As of July 30, the city was planning for 2 to 3 days of classroom instruction, with remote learning on other days. School staff would be tested for COVID-19 before the start of the school year. There were plans for confirmed cases:[210]
- If there were one to two confirmed cases in the same class, the class would switch to full-time remote learning while the students and staff self-quarantined for two weeks.
- If there were two or more confirmed cases in multiple classes in one school, the entire school would close and switch to full-time remote learning. Contact tracers would investigate.
On August 7, Cuomo announced schools could open in the fall if they publicly disclosed plans to address remote learning, testing of virus, and tracing procedures. Of the state's 749 school districts, 127 had not submitted plans, and 50 had submitted incomplete or deficient ones to the Department of Health, including the New York City region, which "disappointed" the Governor. This came the same day for a deadline for parents in New York City to choose entirely blended or entirely remote learning for their children.[211] On August 10, de Blasio with officials from NYCDOE gave details on their reopening plan in a news conference before the August 14 deadline set by the State.[212]
In preparation of the first day of classes, the city deployed School Ventilation Teams to inspect public school buildings for problems with windows and supply and exhaust fans. Any rooms that did not meet the ventilation requirements would not be used. Some schools applied for outdoor learning space.[213] Around 25% of students opted for all-remote learning.[214]
On September 1, Mayor de Blasio and teacher unions reached an agreement to start remote and in-person classes on September 21, ten days later than originally scheduled.[215]
On September 17, de Blasio announced the shift of the start of the school year again, opting for a phased approach, due to continued obstacles including teacher shortages. Pre-K and students with special needs would begin on September 21, elementary schools on September 29, and middle/high schools on October 1.[216]
New targeted closures were put in place in October as clusters with daily rates above city thresholds were identified. All public and private schools in "red zones" were ordered to switch to remote learning for 14 days, but some private schools refused to comply with the order, prompting the governor's office to issue an executive order that schools refusing to comply with closures would lose their funding.[217]
Schools were closed again on November 19 after the city reached a seven-day rolling average positivity rate of 3%. Some criticized the decision to close schools without also restricting indoor dining and gyms.[218]
For the 2021–2022 academic year, teachers and staff are required to be vaccinated.[219]
Colleges and universities
During the pandemic, the majority of New York City colleges and universities transitioned to primarily virtual or hybrid instructional programs. In-person classes were possible following New York State instructions and safety protocols.[220]
Parks
On April 1, 2020, Cuomo ordered all playgrounds in the city to be shut down in order to promote social distancing. Parks would mostly remain open.[221] The exceptions were Fort Totten in Queens, which was closed to provide a staging area for first responders, and the High Line, which was closed because it is a linear park with few means to spread out. Sports fields and facilities were also closed, as were the historic-house museums operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.[222] With the start of the summer season in May, public beaches remained closed as well.[223]
On May 7, de Blasio said that entry to public parks may be limited to prevent overcrowding and to promote social distancing.[224] It was later announced that access might also be limited within parts of parks, such as Sheep Meadow at Central Park.[225] On July 1, the city's public beaches were opened.[226] On July 16, the High Line reopened to the public with free timed-entry passes in order to limit capacity and allow social distancing.[227] For the summer 2020 season, several pools reopened with limited capacity in July and August.[228]
Open space
Open streets
On April 27, 2020, de Blasio announced plans to convert 40 to 100 miles (64 to 161 km) of streets to open streets. The affected streets would be closed to through traffic and blocked-off by temporary wooden or metal barricades with DOT signage. The purpose of the Open Streets is to provide "the space for essential workers to pursue safer commuting options, provide outdoor opportunities for vulnerable New Yorkers, and give families the chance to play beyond the four walls of their home".[229] The totals reached 44 miles (71 km) in May and 67 miles (108 km) in June.[230]
The program has been largely successful, but has received some criticism from transit activists due to the poor enforcement and upkeep of barricades, the choice of segments which are too-short or border existing parks, and racial and socio-economic disparity in street choice and upkeep.[231]
Open restaurants
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Street_Restaurant_%2850296229191%29.jpg/220px-Street_Restaurant_%2850296229191%29.jpg)
On June 22, 2020, the city initiated the Open Restaurants program, permitting restaurants to apply to use the sidewalk or curb lane adjacent to their business for outdoor dining, in order to promote open space, encourage social distancing, and help businesses economically recover.[232][233] By September 5, 10,000 restaurants had participated.[232] Additionally, starting in July, some of the open streets were made available for outdoor dining from Friday through Sunday.[234]
On September 25, de Blasio in an interview with WNYC announced the outdoor dining and open streets programs would be extended indefinitely. The Open Restaurants program had been set to expire on October 31.[235]
Temporary burials
On April 6, 2020, The New York Times reported that the city's overall death rate had tripled and that morgues were overwhelmed. After councilman Mark D. Levine tweeted that temporary internment "likely will be done by using a NYC park for burials", NYC officials said they were not considering temporary burials in city parks.[236][237]
The mayor's press secretary said that a next resort could be to store or bury bodies on Hart Island off the coast of the Bronx in the Long Island Sound.[238] Following reports that mass burials had begun there,[239][240] the mayor clarified that Hart Island was only being used for unclaimed bodies or for those who chose it as a burial place.[241] Bodies are ordinarily held at the city's morgues anywhere from 30 to 60 days, but to make room for the influx of deceased individuals during the pandemic, the city's medical examiner's office announced a new policy of holding unclaimed bodies for only up to 15 days before they are transferred to the island.[242]
On April 29, authorities discovered dozens of decomposing bodies in two trucks parked outside a funeral home in Brooklyn.[243]
Economic impact
Unemployment and loss of revenue
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/New_York_City_hourly_weekday_electricity_demand%2C_February-April_2020_monthly_averages_%2849922955002%29.png/220px-New_York_City_hourly_weekday_electricity_demand%2C_February-April_2020_monthly_averages_%2849922955002%29.png)
By April 2020, The New York Times reported that hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers were unemployed, with at least $7.4 billion lost tax revenue projected over the year. Broadway theaters, restaurants, hotels, and the transit system were among the most affected, while construction and real estate development activities halted, Millions of renters are uncertain as to how their rents will be paid. Low-income and formal workers such as canners and street vendors faced severe loss of income, even as they are ineligible for government support.[244][245] Law firms, financial services companies, and other white collar businesses expect declining profits or losses. Between 475,000 and 1.2 million jobs, mostly low-wage positions in the retail, transportation, and restaurant sectors, were expected to be cut by the end of April.[246]
By August 2020, the city had an unemployment rate of 16.3%, nearly twice the citywide rate. A significant percentage of populations in all five boroughs were estimated to be receiving unemployment insurance benefits, with rates ranging from 22% of the workforce in Manhattan to 41% in the Bronx.[247] Officially, the Bronx had an unemployment rate of 17.5% in October, the highest of any county in the state at the time. The city's most badly affected neighborhood was West Farms, Bronx, where 26% of the workforce was unemployed in October 2020, several times higher than in wealthy neighborhoods such as the Upper West Side and Upper East Side of Manhattan.[248]
The drop in income, sales tax, and tourism revenues including hotel tax revenue may cost the city up to $10 billion according to the Mayor's office. De Blasio said "We're not going to be able to provide basic services and actually have a normal society if we don't get help from the federal government."[249] According to the New York City Independent Budget Office, a full economic recovery might not be achieved until 2024.[250]
Business closures
Some stores and restaurants have closed permanently. Record Mart, the oldest record store in the city, announced that its shop in the Times Square–42nd Street station's mezzanine would not be reopening.[251] A quarter of retail businesses operating in the subway permanently closed between March and November 2020.[252] Other businesses that have closed permanently include Momofuku,[253] the Copacabana nightclub, the Gem Spa, and two locations of Gimme! Coffee.[254] As of July 16, 2020[update], four Michelin starred restaurants had announced permanent closures: Gotham Bar and Grill, Nix, Jewel Bako and Ukiyo.[255] In August 2020, The New York Times estimated that up to 80,000 small businesses might never reopen, eliminating jobs for up to 520,000 people and representing one-third of the total number of small businesses in operation before the pandemic. At the time, 2,800 small businesses had already closed, a third of which were restaurants.[256]
Real estate
Before the pandemic, a demographic study by the Brookings Institute had found that the largest metropolitan areas in the U.S., including New York City, had been losing population for several years. High rents and cost of living in the city contributed to slowing growth by the mid-2010s as salary in the city was no longer competitive after adjusting for the cost of living. Some residents have questioned whether the high rents can be justified while public spaces, theaters and other event venues remain closed. Employees who have been furloughed from corporate jobs at institutions like Macy's may not renew their lease agreements.[249] Realtors have reported an increase in inquiries about suburban home purchases and rentals from residents of Manhattan and other densely populated urban centers.[257]
In July 2020, according to StreetEasy, there were more than 67,300 vacant rental units in New York City, the highest number since 2010. The median rental price in Manhattan dropped 10% from July 2019 to $3,167.[258][259] Although there was an increase in people moving out of the city during the pandemic, the increase in vacancies was also attributed to the fact that real estate agents were also unable to show houses between March and June.[260] A smaller number of buyers and renters decided to move in during the pandemic as well; between April and July, market data showed that almost 700 buyers from around the world finalized contracts for apartments in Manhattan.[261]
The pandemic also affected commercial real estate, as office workers started telecommuting. Even after office buildings were allowed to reopen in June 2020 during Phase 2 of reopening, less than one-tenth of the city's office workers had gone back to their workplaces by August. According to a New York Times article in September 2020, only one-fourth of large employers anticipated that their employees would return to their offices by December, while 54% expected their employees to return by the following July. Commercial office leases in the first eight months of 2020 also decreased sharply compared to in the first eight months of 2019.[262] As a result of the pandemic, some office workers had decided to telecommute permanently. By December 2020, commercial rents along retail corridors in Manhattan had declined 13 percent from the previous year, and 14 percent of Midtown Manhattan office space was vacant.[263]
The moratorium on residential eviction for tenants with a COVID-related hardship was extended until May 2021, and required documentation to show hardship to prevent eviction.[264]
Recovery
One year into the pandemic the city's economic recovery was about halfway to early March 2020 levels.[201]
Social impact
Social distancing
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Line_at_Costco_%2890265%29.jpg/220px-Line_at_Costco_%2890265%29.jpg)
On March 30, the mayor announced that most religious buildings had shut down in accordance with quarantine regulations. However, he warned that some churches and synagogues were not in compliance and would be shut down by authorities if they remained open.[265] Several summonses and arrests were made for violating social distancing rules. On March 28, a Brooklyn bar owner was arrested for defying Cuomo's ban on bars and restaurants.[266] On April 3, the NYPD broke up a party in the Bronx where several dozen people had gathered in violation of social distancing rules.[267] On April 7, NBC News reported violations of the statewide PAUSE order throughout the city, and de Blasio said violations of the order could be reported to 311.[268]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Social_distancing_marker_inside_an_elevator_in_a_building_in_Manhattan_-_July_2020.jpg/220px-Social_distancing_marker_inside_an_elevator_in_a_building_in_Manhattan_-_July_2020.jpg)
One epidemiologist at Columbia University noted "Social distancing is a privilege that not everybody has equal opportunity to practice." Of the five boroughs, Manhattan had reported the lowest number of confirmed cases. Epidemiologists have observed that low income communities were being disproportionately affected. Many residents of these neighborhoods work in essential jobs where it may not be possible to work from home.[269]
After some arrests for violations of social distancing protocols turned violent, the city relaxed enforcement. As the weather warmed large groups began gathering at parks and beaches. Some non-compliant bars and restaurants, limited to take out service during the pandemic, continued to allowing customers to dine in or to gather outside bars with drinks. De Blasio said non-compliant establishments risk closure.[270]
During May and June 2020, there were mass arrests due to the George Floyd protests, and due to close confinement of those detained along with poor rates of mask wearing by law enforcement, the probability of a second wave of COVID-19 increased significantly.[271][272] Several outlets criticized police working the events for failing to wear face masks as required by policy and by order of the governor.[273] As the number of arrests during the protests increased, many people were detained for longer periods and, as of June 5, hundreds were still waiting to see a judge, being held in close quarters in the meantime.[274] Some of the arrested also had inadequate access to water to wash their hands.[275]
Police and crime
At the beginning of March, prior to the confirmation of the first case of COVID-19, and the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in New York City, a 20 percent spike in crime for the first two months of 2020 was reported.[276] After movement in the city became restricted, New York City Police Commissioner Dermot Shea stated that the pandemic had curtailed crime.[277] At the end of March, Shea said that crime had decreased sharply during the pandemic (other than car theft, which increased markedly), though there is concern that domestic violence was not being reported.[278][279]
By the end of the month, 911 calls were at a record high, and 1,048 officers and 145 civilian employees had tested positive for COVID-19. 5,657 uniformed officers, or more than 15% of the force, called out sick on March 31.[280] The percentage of officers out sick rose to nearly 20 percent, as reported on April 6.[281] By April 30, 4,959 members of the NYPD had tested positive for the virus, and 37 had died.[282]
Xenophobia and racism against Asians in the city increased due to the pandemic. Police investigated 11 anti-Asian hate crimes between January 1 and March 29, 2020, up from three during the same time period in the previous year.[283]
Shootings have nearly doubled in 2020 from 748 to 1,480, the highest number in 14 years. There were 436 murders, an increase of 40%. The cause is still being debated. Longtime city residents have complained of an increase in gang activity of the Bloods and Crips that has worsened since the city's stop-and-frisk program was ruled unconstitutional in Floyd v. City of New York.[284] Members of the police force say it's a combination of factors including bail reforms and the impact of body cameras and other forms of public pressure on police officers.[284] Some scholars believe the pandemic has worsened underlying social and economic instability in the city.[284]
Many residents expressed reluctance to go back on the city's transit system, citing crime rates. In a survey that the MTA conducted in April 2021, 72 percent of 17,000 self-identified frequent riders said they were more concerned with increased crime than with COVID-19 transmission in the subway, while 36 percent of riders who stopped using the system since the pandemic said they were reluctant to return to the system due to their concerns over crime.[285][286] There had been six murders in the system in 2020, more than in the previous three years combined,[287] and the number of rapes, robberies, and burglaries was also recorded as having increased that year.[288] In February 2021, the MTA requested an additional 1,500 police after two subway riders were killed, and MTA workers and riders continued to experience harassment and physical attacks, including being spit on.[289][290]
Deaths
Several prominent restaurant owners and chefs have died of COVID-19, including Indian chef Floyd Cardoz[291] and Andreas Koutsoudakis (who opened the Gee Whiz diner in Tribeca in 1989).[292] Maria Mercader, a news producer at CBS, died on March 29, 2020.[293][294][295] Musician Alan Merrill died on March 29, 2020, at Mount Sinai Hospital.[296]
Nursing homes have had high fatality rates, accounting for at least 2,056 deaths in the city as of April 20, 2020. New York State Health Commissioner Howard Zucker stated that the policy was for nursing home residents who test positive back to be readmitted to nursing homes.[297]
An excess mortality analysis found more than double as many deaths as expected in New York City between March 4 and April 4, 2020.[298] Between March 11, 2020, and May 2, 2020, there were 32,107 deaths in the city; based on past data, this number was higher than expected by 24,172. According to official figures, COVID-19 is linked with 18,879 of the excess deaths (including probable cases that were not confirmed with testing).[299]
A study published in JAMA Network Open found New York City's COVID-19 death rates in the spring of 2020 were comparable to the peak of the Spanish flu, per capita.[300]
Public health impact
Hospitals
New York City usually has about 20,000 hospital beds and 5,000 ventilators, many of which are routinely in use to keep ICU patients alive. Social distancing measures were implemented to slow the spread of the virus and prevent the hospital system from collapsing.[301] In the early days of the crisis, on March 14, 2020, the Health and Hospitals Corporation and New York-Presbyterian cancelled non-emergency surgeries. Northwell Health put out a call for retired nurses to return. The Tisch Hospital of NYU Langone converted a pediatric emergency ward into a respiratory ward. Personal protective equipment (PPE) was rationed due to shortages.[301] By March 25 the situation at Elmhurst Hospital, one of the worst-affected hospitals in the city, had deteriorated to the point that staff described it as "apocalyptic."[302] Dr. David Reich, President and COO of Mount Sinai Hospital, announced in March that the hospital was converting its lobbies into extra patient rooms to "meet the growing volume of patients" suffering from coronavirus.[303][304]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/New_York_National_Guard_-_49738408268.jpg/220px-New_York_National_Guard_-_49738408268.jpg)
In response to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases at the end of March 2020, several temporary field hospitals were built or proposed, including the Javits Center in Manhattan (2,500 beds),[25][305] USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Queens (350 beds),[306] and in Central Park in Manhattan (68-bed COVID respiratory care unit).[307][308] Field hospitals were also proposed at the New York Expo Center in the Bronx, Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal, and the College of Staten Island.[309] At the request of the Mayor, veterinary clinics sent their ventilators to human hospitals.[310]
The USTA field hospital only treated 79 COVID-19 patients until it closed on May 13, while costing the city at least $52 million.[311] Due to rules constraining transfers and preventing 911 calls from going there, it remained mostly empty as at least three COVID-19 patients quarantining at home died and nearby hospitals exceeded capacity. USTA also had its own ambulances it could not use to pick up transfers due to exclusivity agreements between hospitals and ambulance companies.[311] During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, private hospitals had spare beds while some public hospitals were unable to offload enough patients to stay within normal capacity, unlike during Hurricane Sandy, when patients were actively balanced across the region.[311]
Although the number of new patients admitted to the hospitals started to slow in early April, Cuomo stated that social distancing protocols would continue to be enforced to prevent a rise in these figures that could overwhelm the strained healthcare system.[312] The USNS Comfort was originally intended to take non-COVID patients to ease the burden on city hospitals, but most New Yorkers remained isolated in their homes and non-COVID admissions decreased dramatically; the admission processes for patients who did present at the emergency room was cumbersome.[313] On April 21, when Cuomo told Trump that the Comfort was no longer needed, the ship had treated 179 patients.[314] Another field hospital, built in Brooklyn for $21 million during April, was closed the next month without ever seeing any patients.[315][316]
The Senior Director of the System-wide Special Pathogens Program at NYC Health + Hospitals Syra Madad, who worked through the first wave in spring, said, "We never want this to happen again," referring to the nearly 20,000 deaths from COVID-19 in New York City.[317]
Shortages and policy changes
The New York City healthcare system continued to experience major shortages with its COVID-19 testing capacity. An alert sent out on April 11, 2020, by the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene stated that the city's hospitals are close to running out of cotton swabs used for COVID-19 testing. The same alert reminded the providers that only those patients admitted for hospitalization should be given COVID-19 tests.[318]
Some doctors have been trying to crowdsource tablets so patients can say goodbye to loved ones. The last contact patients have with their families was when they were dropped off at the hospital or taken by ambulance.[319]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Central_Park_tent_hospital_%281%29_jeh.jpg/220px-Central_Park_tent_hospital_%281%29_jeh.jpg)
Due to the demand from the pandemic on New York City hospitals, emergency medical services (EMS) personnel were ordered not to transport adult cardiac arrest cases to the hospital, if the EMS personnel were unable to restart the patient's heart at the scene.[320] On April 21, this order was modified to "do not resuscitate," meaning EMS should no longer try to revive persons on scene.[321]
Guidelines
On April 5, a state Health Department official confirmed that seriously ill patients were being treated with hydroxychloroquine. The effects are being observed by the University of Albany's School of Public Health.[322] On April 23, Cuomo said that based on one study the drug "didn't really have much on an effect on the recovery rate." Although studies are still ongoing, hospitals have stopped using the drug as treatment.[323]
On May 1, 2020, the New York State Department of Health issued fresh COVID-19 guidelines for the Medicaid providers who are serving low-income families, nursing homes (including adult care facilities), and physically disabled individuals.[324] These guidelines were directed towards the providers of the following home and community-based services — social daycare (SDC) services which also included the elderly (PACE) organizations and providers of Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program (CDPAP).[325][326] However, just a month ago, New York State signed a 2021 fiscal budget to cap Medicaid long-term care (LTC) enrollment at 3% under the managed long-term care (MLTC) plans.[327] In the long run, the 3% capping will gradually reduce the number of individuals served by current Medicaid LTC plans, and also reduce the number of provider organizations able to contract with MLTC plans. However, the LTC recipients are a substantial population at risk for COVID-19 and there are cost involved to make sure the LTC facilities are adequately staffed and that infection control protocols are closely followed.[328]
Variants
By March 2021, the B.1.526 variant (believed to have developed locally in NYC) accounted for over 45% of new cases in the city. The variant first appeared in samples collected in the city in November 2020 and accounted for an alarming rise of variants in January 2021.[329][330]
The first case of P.1 variant (Brazil) was identified on March 20. The UK variant has also been spreading. While the UK variant was becoming dominant in the rest of the United States, in NYC the New York variant has been spreading even faster.[330]
In total, the three variants accounted for 65.1% of new cases by late March 2021.[330] By July, the more-severe Delta variant became the dominant strain.[130]
Demographics
On April 5, 2020, it was reported that 51% of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in NYC involved people at least 50 years old.[35] In previous weeks, the dominant cohort of cases had been men between 18 and 49 years of age.[331][332]
In April 2020, The New York Times reported that the virus was twice as deadly for Black and Latino people than whites in New York City.[333] Officials attribute this difference to longstanding inequalities of health care access, economic status, prevalence of chronic health issues or other co-morbidities, and the fact that Black and Latino people might be over represented among essential workers.[333] 75% of front line workers are minorities.[334] By early May, over 5,200 Latinos in the city had died of COVID-19, making them the ethnic group with the highest number of deaths from the disease.[335]
COVID-19 is also considered to disproportionately affect low-income immigrants, who may have higher risk of exposure, misinformation, and be hesitant to access care.[336]
Data
Graphs
Adapted from nyc.gov.[4] Note that the cases are by date of diagnosis, and deaths are by date of death. Due to delays in reporting, historical counts may be subject to change and recent data may be incomplete.
COVID-19 cases over time
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
COVID-19 deaths over time
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
All-cause deaths over time
Weekly all-cause deaths in New York City:[338]
![]() | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See also
References
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- ^ "COVID-19: Data on Vaccines - NYC Health". www1.nyc.gov.
- ^ Goldstein, Joseph; McKinley, Jesse (March 1, 2020). "Coronavirus in N.Y.: Manhattan Woman Is First Confirmed Case in State". The New York Times. p. A24. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ "New York City, U.S. Epicenter, Braces For Peak". NPR. March 24, 2020. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
- ^ Lewis, Caroline (April 24, 2020). "Officially, NYC Had One COVID-19 Case. New Research Suggests It Was Actually 10,000". Gothamist. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "COVID-19", NYC Department of Health – advice, guidance, data.
- "COVID Information", NYC Department of Education – for school parents.
- "Elmhurst Hospital After the Coronavirus Surge: From Chaos to 'Scary Silence' " on YouTube – video from The New York Times.