List of political parties in Taiwan: Difference between revisions
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This article lists the '''political parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan)''' from 7 December 1949. |
This article lists the '''political parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan)''' from 7 December 1949. |
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The organization of political parties in the Republic of China (ROC), are governed by the Political Parties Act, enacted on 6 December 2017. Prior to the passage of the Political Parties Act, political organizations in Taiwan followed the Civil Associations Act, promulgated in 1989. The Political Parties Act defines political parties as "political groups consisting of [[Taiwanese nationality law|ROC citizens]] with a common political ideology who safeguard the free, democratic, constitutional order, assist in shaping the political will of the people, and nominate candidates for election to public office."<ref name="cnappapass">{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Chun-hua |last2=Liu |first2=Kuan-lin |title=Legislature passes Political Party Act |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201711100020.aspx |access-date=18 November 2019 |agency=Central News Agency |date=10 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="cnappa2019">{{cite news |last1=Ku |first1=Chuan |last2=Kao |first2=Evelyn |title=46 groups yet to transition to political parties as required by law |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201911170012.aspx |access-date=18 November 2019 |agency=Central News Agency |date=17 November 2019}} Republished as: {{cite news |title=2020 ELECTIONS: MOI says 46 political groups have yet to make shift |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/19/2003726123 |access-date=19 November 2019 |work=Taipei Times |date=19 November 2019}}</ref> |
The organization of political parties in the [[Republic of China]] ([[ROC]]), are governed by the Political Parties Act, enacted on 6 December 2017. Prior to the passage of the Political Parties Act, political organizations in Taiwan followed the Civil Associations Act, promulgated in [[1989]]. The Political Parties Act defines political parties as "political groups consisting of [[Taiwanese nationality law|ROC citizens]] with a common political ideology who safeguard the free, democratic, constitutional order, assist in shaping the political will of the people, and nominate candidates for election to public office."<ref name="cnappapass">{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Chun-hua |last2=Liu |first2=Kuan-lin |title=Legislature passes Political Party Act |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201711100020.aspx |access-date=18 November 2019 |agency=Central News Agency |date=10 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="cnappa2019">{{cite news |last1=Ku |first1=Chuan |last2=Kao |first2=Evelyn |title=46 groups yet to transition to political parties as required by law |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201911170012.aspx |access-date=18 November 2019 |agency=Central News Agency |date=17 November 2019}} Republished as: {{cite news |title=2020 ELECTIONS: MOI says 46 political groups have yet to make shift |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/19/2003726123 |access-date=19 November 2019 |work=Taipei Times |date=19 November 2019}}</ref> |
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Groups established when the Civil Associations Act was in effect should have revised their charters to comply with the Political Parties Act by 7 December 2019. To be compliant with the Political Parties Act, political groups must additionally convene a representative assembly or party congress for four consecutive years and have followed relevant laws and regulations governing the nomination of candidates to campaign in elections for public office for the same time period. Within one year of filing for political party status, a political group must complete legal person registration. The [[Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)|Ministry of the Interior]] requires that political parties submit annual property and financial statements. Political organizations that do not meet these regulations were dissolved and removed from the registry of political parties.<ref name="cnappapass"/><ref name="cnappa2019"/> |
Groups established when the Civil Associations Act was in effect should have revised their charters to comply with the Political Parties Act by 7 December 2019. To be compliant with the Political Parties Act, political groups must additionally convene a representative assembly or party congress for four consecutive years and have followed relevant laws and regulations governing the nomination of candidates to campaign in elections for public office for the same time period. Within one year of filing for political party status, a political group must complete legal person registration. The [[Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)|Ministry of the Interior]] requires that political parties submit annual property and financial statements. Political organizations that do not meet these regulations were dissolved and removed from the registry of political parties.<ref name="cnappapass"/><ref name="cnappa2019"/> |
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|align=center|'''Ruling party'''<br>61||align=center|6||align=center|238 |
|align=center|'''Ruling party'''<br>61||align=center|6||align=center|238 |
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| [[Tsai Ing-wen]] |
| [[Tsai Ing-wen]] |
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| Status quo, [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwanese statehood]] |
| [[Status quo]], [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwanese statehood]] |
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| [[Liberalism and progressivism in Taiwan|Progressivism]], [[Taiwanese nationalism]] |
| [[Liberalism and progressivism in Taiwan|Progressivism]], [[Taiwanese nationalism]] |
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|Member of [[Liberal International]] |
|Member of [[Liberal International]] |
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|align=center|38||align=center|15||align=center|394 |
|align=center|38||align=center|15||align=center|394 |
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| [[Johnny Chiang]] |
| [[Johnny Chiang]] |
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|Status quo, [[Chinese unification|Chinese reunification under ROC]] |
|[[Status quo]], [[Chinese unification|Chinese reunification under ROC]] |
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|[[Conservatism]], [[Chinese nationalism]], [[Three Principles of the People]] |
|[[Conservatism]], [[Chinese nationalism]], [[Three Principles of the People]] |
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|Member of [[International Democrat Union]] |
|Member of [[International Democrat Union]] |
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|align=center|5||align=center| 1 ||align=center| — |
|align=center|5||align=center| 1 ||align=center| — |
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| [[Ko Wen-je]] |
| [[Ko Wen-je]] |
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| Status quo |
| [[Status quo]] |
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|[[Pluralism (political philosophy)|Pluralism]], [[Centrism]] |
|[[Pluralism (political philosophy)|Pluralism]], [[Centrism]] |
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| |
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|[[Taiwan Statebuilding Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=台灣基進|p=Táiwān Jījìn|m=Tâi-oân Ki-chìn}} |
|[[Taiwan Statebuilding Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=台灣基進|p=Táiwān Jījìn|m=Tâi-oân Ki-chìn}} |
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|align=center|1||align=center| — ||align=center| — |
|align=center|1||align=center| — ||align=center| — |
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| Chen Yi-chi |
| [[Chen Yi-chi]] |
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| Taiwanese statehood |
| Taiwanese statehood |
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| [[Taiwanese nationalism]] |
| [[Taiwanese nationalism]] |
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|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 8 |
|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 8 |
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| [[James Soong]] |
| [[James Soong]] |
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|Status quo, Chinese reunification under ROC |
|[[Status quo]], Chinese reunification under ROC |
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|[[Liberal conservatism]], [[Chinese nationalism]] |
|[[Liberal conservatism]], [[Chinese nationalism]] |
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|bgcolor=00FF00| ||[[Green Party Taiwan]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=台灣綠黨|p=Táiwān Lǜ Dǎng|m=Tâi-ôan Le̍k Tóng}} |
|bgcolor=00FF00| ||[[Green Party Taiwan]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=台灣綠黨|p=Táiwān Lǜ Dǎng|m=Tâi-ôan Le̍k Tóng}} |
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|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 3 |
|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 3 |
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| Lee Keng-cheng<br>Chang Yu-jing |
| [[Lee Keng-chengChang Yu-jing|Lee Keng-cheng<br>Chang Yu-jing]] |
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| Status quo |
| [[Status quo]] |
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| [[Green politics]] |
| [[Green politics]] |
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|Member of the Social Welfare National Alliance in [[Taiwan]], also a member of [[Global Greens]] |
|Member of the Social Welfare National Alliance in [[Taiwan]], also a member of [[Global Greens]] |
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|[[Labor Party (Taiwan)|Labor Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=勞動黨|p=Láodòng Dǎng|m=Lô-tōng Tóng}} |
|[[Labor Party (Taiwan)|Labor Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=勞動黨|p=Láodòng Dǎng|m=Lô-tōng Tóng}} |
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|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 2 |
|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 2 |
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| Wu Rong-yuan |
| [[Wu Rong-yuan]] |
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| Chinese reunification |
| Chinese reunification |
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| [[Socialism]], [[Chinese nationalism]] |
| [[Socialism]], [[Chinese nationalism]] |
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|[[:zh:中華民族致公黨|For Public Good Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=中華民族致公黨|p=Zhōnghuá Mínzú Zhìgōng Dǎng|m=Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k Tì-kong Tóng}} |
|[[:zh:中華民族致公黨|For Public Good Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=中華民族致公黨|p=Zhōnghuá Mínzú Zhìgōng Dǎng|m=Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k Tì-kong Tóng}} |
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|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 1 |
|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 1 |
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| Tsai Chun-sheng |
| [[Tsai Chun-sheng]] |
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| Chinese reunification |
| Chinese reunification |
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| [[Chinese nationalism]] |
| [[Chinese nationalism]] |
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|[[Social Democratic Party (Taiwan)|Social Democratic Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=社會民主黨|p=Shèhuì Mínzhǔ Dǎng|m=Siā-hōe Bîn-chú Tóng}} |
|[[Social Democratic Party (Taiwan)|Social Democratic Party]]{{efn native lang|tw|t=社會民主黨|p=Shèhuì Mínzhǔ Dǎng|m=Siā-hōe Bîn-chú Tóng}} |
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|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 1 |
|align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| 1 |
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| Ting Yung-yan |
| [[Ting Yung-yan]] |
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| Status quo |
| [[Status quo]] |
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| [[Social democracy]] |
| [[Social democracy]] |
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|Member of the Social Welfare National Alliance in [[Taiwan]] |
|Member of the Social Welfare National Alliance in [[Taiwan]] |
Revision as of 09:07, 15 September 2021
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This article lists the political parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 7 December 1949.
The organization of political parties in the Republic of China (ROC), are governed by the Political Parties Act, enacted on 6 December 2017. Prior to the passage of the Political Parties Act, political organizations in Taiwan followed the Civil Associations Act, promulgated in 1989. The Political Parties Act defines political parties as "political groups consisting of ROC citizens with a common political ideology who safeguard the free, democratic, constitutional order, assist in shaping the political will of the people, and nominate candidates for election to public office."[1][2]
Groups established when the Civil Associations Act was in effect should have revised their charters to comply with the Political Parties Act by 7 December 2019. To be compliant with the Political Parties Act, political groups must additionally convene a representative assembly or party congress for four consecutive years and have followed relevant laws and regulations governing the nomination of candidates to campaign in elections for public office for the same time period. Within one year of filing for political party status, a political group must complete legal person registration. The Ministry of the Interior requires that political parties submit annual property and financial statements. Political organizations that do not meet these regulations were dissolved and removed from the registry of political parties.[1][2]
Current parties
Parties with national or local representation
- National representation includes the President, the Vice President, and the 113 national legislator seats in the Legislative Yuan.
- Local representation includes the 22 mayors/magistrates executive positions and 912 local legislator (councils) seats of the 6 special municipalities, 3 cities and 13 counties.
Full list of registered political parties
The following is a full list of registered political parties according to the Ministry of the Interior, by order of registration. Dates indicate date of founding.
Historical parties
Taiwan under Japanese rule
Political party movements in Taiwan started in the late 1910s after World War I, during the Taishō period (Taishō Democracy). Taiwanese political movements at this time were to modify the discriminatory colonial laws established in earlier years, and to setup local autonomy systems like in Mainland Japan. The largest political movement at this time was the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament. At the same time, the International Communist Movement also influenced Taiwan, many Left-wing parties and organizations were also established.
Notable Taiwanese parties during this time are:
- Taiwan Dōkakai (臺灣同化會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Tông-hòa-hōe, Japanese: Taiwan Dōkakai)
- New People Society (新民會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Sin-bîn-hōe, Japanese: Shinminkai)
- Taiwanese Cultural Association (臺灣文化協會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe, Japanese: Taiwan Bunka Kyōkai)
- Taiwanese Federation of Workers' Unions (臺灣工友總聯盟, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Kang-iú Chóng Liân-bêng, Japanese: Taiwan Kōyū Sōrenmei)
- Taiwanese Peasants Union (臺灣農民組合, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Lông-bîn Cho͘-ha̍p, Japanese: Taiwan Nōmin Kumiai)
- Taiwanese Communist Party (臺灣共產黨, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Kiōng-sán Tóng, Japanese: Taiwan Kyōsan-tō)
- Taiwanese People's Party (臺灣民眾黨, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng, Japanese: Taiwan Minshu-tō)
- Taiwan Local Autonomy Union (臺灣地方自治聯盟, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Tē-hng Chū-tī Liân-bêng, Japanese: Taiwan Tihō-jiti Renmei)
At the same time, the political parties in Mainland Japan also affected Taiwan. Those who served as Governor-General of Taiwan were also members of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet (帝国議会). Party affiliations of the Governor-Generals were:
- Rikken Seiyūkai (立憲政友会, Taiwanese Hokkien: Li̍p-hiàn Chèng-iú-hōe)
- Kenseikai (憲政会, Taiwanese Hokkien: Hiàn-chèng-hōe)
- Rikken Minseitō (立憲民政党, Taiwanese Hokkien: Li̍p-hiàn Bîn-chèng Tóng)
In the late 1930s, the Empire of Japan joined the Second World War. To prepare for the Pacific War, all political parties in Mainland Japan were merged into a single organization
- Imperial Rule Assistance Association (大政翼贊會, Taisei Yokusankai, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tāi-chèng-i̍k-chàn-hōe)
with its Taiwanese branch
- Kōmin Hōkōkai (皇民奉公會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe, Japanese: Kōmin Hōkōkai)
was the only legal political party-like organization in Taiwan until the end of World War II.
Taiwan under the Republic of China
Taiwan was ceded back to the Republic of China, founded in 1912 on the mainland, on 25 October 1945. From 1945 until 1949, political parties in China which had operated covertly under Japanese rule were permitted to operate in Taiwan province. The ruling Kuomintang set up formal branches in Taiwan, and so did other major political parties including the Communist Party of China (in 1946). Although it had no formal connection with the Taiwanese Communist Party suppressed by Japanese authorities in the 1930s (which was instead affiliated with the Communist Party of Japan), the Taiwan branch of the Communist Party of China absorbed many former members of the Taiwanese Communist Party. However, against the backdrop of the Chinese Civil War which erupted soon after the retrocession of Taiwan, the Kuomintang-controlled Republic of China government attempted to restrict the operation of Communist Party of China cells in Taiwan, and other opposition parties.
With the Republic of China government rapidly losing the Chinese Civil War against the Communist Party of China, the ruling Kuomintang began preparing to move the government to Taiwan in 1949. Taiwan was placed under martial law from 19 May 1949 to 15 July 1987. The Taiwan provincial branch of the Communist Party of China was particularly targeted, and by 1952 had been completely destroyed.
During this time, all forms of opposition were forbidden by the government, only three political parties that retreated to Taiwan were allowed to participate the elections.
- Kuomintang (Chinese: 中國國民黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Taiwanese Hokkien: Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng)[note 2]
- Chinese Youth Party (中國青年黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó Qīngniándǎng; Taiwanese Hokkien: Tiong-kok Chheng-liân-tóng)
- China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨 pinyin: Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Shèhuìdǎng, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tiong-kok Bîn-chú Siā-hoē-tóng)[note 3]
All other oppositions who were not allowed not form a political party could only be listed as "independent candidate". These movements were called Tangwai movement (黨外, literally outside of Kuomintang). A notable exception in this era was
- Democratic Progressive Party (民主進步黨; Taiwanese Hokkien: Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng; pinyin: Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng).
It was established "illegally" in 28 September 1986, then was legalized in the next year by the lifting of the martial law.
As Taiwan democratized in the late 1980s, the number of legally registered political parties in Taiwan had increased exponentially and continued to increase year by year, indicating a liberal democracy and high political freedom in Taiwan.
Year | 1990 | 1992 | 1994 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
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No. parties | 60 | 72 | 75 | 82 | 87 | 94 | 99 | 110 | 122 | 145 | 177 | 234 | 264 | 310 | 334 | 220 |
In recent decades, Taiwan's political campaigns can be classified to two ideological blocs
- The Pan-Green Coalition, led by Democratic Progressive Party, favors Taiwanization and the Taiwan independence movement, eventually aiming to establish a Taiwanese sovereign state.
- The Pan-Blue Coalition, led by Kuomintang, is in favor of building closer ties with mainland China and the eventual Chinese unification under the Government of the Republic of China.
The majority in both coalitions state a desire to maintain the status quo for now. Many minor parties in Taiwan are unaligned with either coalition.
On December 6, 2017, the Political Parties Act (政黨法) was enforced. The Act requires the political parties to maintain a number of compliance, including
- File a declaration to the Ministry of the Interior, AND register as a legal person to a District Court,
- Convene representative assembly or party congress at least once in a four-year period,
- Nominate candidates in national or local elections at least once in a four-year period, and
- Compliance on funding source, accounting, and financial transparency.
By the end of 2018, among the 343 existing political party declarations: 220 have met the new compliance, 56 chose to dissolve or transformed to a national political association.
See also
- Conservatism in Taiwan
- Progressivism in Taiwan
- February 28 Incident
- History of Taiwan
- Economic history of Taiwan
- Politics of the Republic of China
- Political parties of the Empire of Japan
- History of political parties in China
- List of political parties by country
- List of rulers of Taiwan
- Elections in Taiwan
Notes
- ^ named after the vision 天下為公 (about the Great Unity) in the Book of Rites
- ^ KMT's prior body was Revive China Society (興中會; xīngzhōnghuì), founded on 24 November 1894. It officially renamed itself as China Nationalist Party (中國國民黨) in 1919.
- ^ The prior body of China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨) was China National Socialist Party (中國國家社會黨), which was founded on 16 April 1932. It renamed itself as China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨) on 15 August 1946.
Words in native languages
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 民主進步黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Mínzhǔ Jìnbù Dǎng
- Hokkien: Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 中國國民黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng
- Hokkien: Tiong-kok Kok-bîn-tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 台灣民眾黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Mínzhòng Dǎng
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 時代力量
- Mandarin Pinyin: Shídài Lìliàng
- Hokkien: Sî‑tāi Le̍k‑liōng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 台灣基進
- Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Jījìn
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân Ki-chìn
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 親民黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Qīnmín Dǎng
- Hokkien: Chhin-bîn Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 無黨團結聯盟
- Mandarin Pinyin: Wúdǎng Tuánjié Liánméng
- Hokkien: Bû-tóng Thoân-kiat Liân-bêng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 台灣團結聯盟
- Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Tuánjié Liánméng
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân Thoân-kiat Liân-bêng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 台灣綠黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Lǜ Dǎng
- Hokkien: Tâi-ôan Le̍k Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 勞動黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Láodòng Dǎng
- Hokkien: Lô-tōng Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 新黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Xīn Dăng
- Hokkien: Sin Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 中華民族致公黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínzú Zhìgōng Dǎng
- Hokkien: Tiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k Tì-kong Tóng
- ^
- Traditional Chinese script: 社會民主黨
- Mandarin Pinyin: Shèhuì Mínzhǔ Dǎng
- Hokkien: Siā-hōe Bîn-chú Tóng
References
- ^ a b Chen, Chun-hua; Liu, Kuan-lin (10 November 2017). "Legislature passes Political Party Act". Central News Agency. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
- ^ a b Ku, Chuan; Kao, Evelyn (17 November 2019). "46 groups yet to transition to political parties as required by law". Central News Agency. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Republished as: "2020 ELECTIONS: MOI says 46 political groups have yet to make shift". Taipei Times. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.