Foreign relations of North Macedonia: Difference between revisions
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* The government of North Macedonia recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on June 25, 1995.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-02-27|title=Azerbaijan - Macedonia relations|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062347/http://www.mfa.gov.az/files/file/Azerbaijan_-_Macedonia_relations_17.09.2014.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-24|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> |
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* Diplomatic relations were established on June 28, 1995.<ref name=":1" /> |
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|{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started-->12 October 1993|| |
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Revision as of 14:30, 24 September 2021
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The foreign relations of North Macedonia since its independence in 1991 have been characterized by the country's efforts to gain membership in international organizations such as NATO and the European Union and to gain international recognition under its constitutional name, overshadowed by a long-standing, dead-locked dispute with neighboring Greece. Greek objections to the country's name have led to it being admitted to the United Nations and several other international fora only under the provisional designation Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
Diplomatic relations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diplomatic_relations_of_North_Macedonia.svg/500px-Diplomatic_relations_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png)
North Macedonia became a member state of the United Nations on April 8, 1993, eighteen months after its independence from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was referred within the UN as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", pending a resolution, to the long-running dispute about the country's name. Unusually, the country's flag was not raised at UN Headquarters when the state joined the UN.[1] It was not until after the country's flag was changed that it was raised at the UN Headquarters.[1] Other international bodies, such as the European Union,[2] European Broadcasting Union,[3] and the International Olympic Committee[4] had adopted the same naming convention. NATO also used that name in official documents but added an explanation on which member countries recognise the constitutional name.[5]
All UN member states currently recognise North Macedonia as a sovereign state. A number of countries recognised the country by its former constitutional name – the Republic of Macedonia – rather than the UN reference, notably four of the five permanent UN Security Council members (the United Kingdom, the United States,[6]
List of countries
List of countries with North Macedonia has diplomatic relations with:[7]
Slowenien – 17 March 1992
Kroatien – 30 March 1992
Türkei – 26 August 1992
Weißrussland – 20 January 1993
Neuseeland – 8 April 1993
Armenien – 27 April 1993
Bosnien und Herzegowina – 12 May 1993
Indonesien – 25 May 1993
Malaysia – 22 July 1993
Pakistan – 12 August 1993
China – 12 October 1993
North Korea – 2 November 1993
Angola – 10 November 1993
Deutschland – 16 December 1993
Niederlande – 16 December 1993
Dänemark – 16 December 1993
Vereinigtes Königreich – 16 December 1993
Italien – 16 December 1993
Norwegen – 20 December 1993
Bulgarien – 20 December 1993
Schweden – 20 December 1993
Albanien – 24 December 1993
Frankreich – 27 December 1993
Finnland – 27 December 1993
Island – 29 December 1993
Polen – 30 December 1993
Schweiz – 31 January 1994
Liechtenstein – 31 January 1994
Russland – 31 January 1994
Belgien – 14 February 1994
Japan – 1 March 1994
Tschechische Republik – 2 March 1994
Slowakei – 4 March 1994
Kirgisistan – 6 June 1994
Vietnam – 10 June 1994
Bolivien – 15 June 1994
Spanien – 20 July 1994
Ungarn – 29 August 1994
Luxemburg – 19 September 1994
Ägypten – 14 November 1994
Portugal – 5 November 1994
Irland – 13 December 1994
Holy See – 21 December 1994
Österreich – 23 December 1994
Usbekistan – 31 December 1994
Saudi-Arabien – 11 January 1995
Rumänien – 11 January 1995
Moldawien – 27 January 1995
Indien – 9 February 1995
Antigua und Barbuda – 21 February 1995
Iran – 10 March 1995
Estland – 10 March 1995
Libyen – 14 April 1995
Ukraine – 20 April 1995
Singapur – 8 May 1995
Kasachstan – 1 June 1995
Mongolei – 27 June 1995
Aserbaidschan – 28 June 1995
Litauen – 17 July 1995
Vereinigte Staaten – 13 September 1995
Griechenland – 13 October 1995
Australien – 20 October 1995
Israel – 7 December 1995
Oman – 28 December 1995
Tadschikistan – 4 January 1996
Belize – 25 January 1996
Ghana – 7 February 1996
Lettland – 13 February 1996
Bangladesch – 14 February 1996
Laos – 6 March 1996
Nicaragua – 28 March 1996
Serbien – 8 April 1996
Ruanda – 18 April 1996
Honduras – 25 April 1996
Sudan – 26 April 1996
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate – 27 May 1996
Turkmenistan – 21 June 1996
Katar – 26 June 1996
Kanada – 4 July 1996
Afghanistan – 17 July 1996
Bahrain – 11 September 1996
Costa Rica – 15 October 1996
Dominica – 18 October 1996
El Salvador – 28 October 1996
Kambodscha – 29 October 1996
Tansania – 22 January 1997
Mosambik – 28 February 1997
Dschibuti – 12 June 1997
Kuwait – 16 June 1997
Guinea – 28 November 1997
Nepal – 7 January 1998
Sambia – 30 March 1998
Sri Lanka – 10 April 1998
Togo – 14 April 1998
Sierra Leone – 17 July 1988
Lesotho – 3 September 1998
Gambia – 29 September 1998
Jemen – 6 October 1998
Brasilien – 14 October 1998
Argentinien – 24 September 1999
Democratic Republic of the Congo – 27 September 1999
Malawi – 27 September 1999
Tschad – 13 October 1999
Burundi – 7 February 2000
Cuba – 5 May 2000
Kolumbien – 22 June 2000
Ecuador – 22 June 2000
Komoren – 29 June 2000
Guinea-Bissau – 29 October 2000
Sao Tome und Principe – 11 July 2000
Äthiopien – 17 July 2000
Uganda – 26 July 2000
St. Lucia – 24 August 2000
Eritrea – 13 September 2000
Ivory Coast – 14 September 2000
Jordanien – 15 September 2000
Dominikanische Republik – 18 September 2000
Malediven – 13 November 2000
Gabun – 13 November 2000
Niger – 15 November 2000
Seychellen – 7 February 2001
Mauritius – 7 February 2001
Republic of the Congo – 7 February 2001
Kamerun – 6 April 2001
Haiti – 11 April 2001
Mexiko – 4 October 2001
Guatemala – 16 November 2001
Vanuatu – 16 November 2001
Algerien – 21 March 2002
Panama – 18 April 2002
Venezuela – 18 April 2002
Uruguay – 17 May 2002
Äquatorial-Guinea – 9 July 2002
Marokko – 18 September 2002
Madagaskar – 18 October 2002
Senegal – 20 October 2002
Zentralafrikanische Republik – 20 October 2002
Marshallinseln – 19 March 2003
Timor-Leste – 25 March 2003
Jamaika – 1 April 2003
Nigeria – 24 April 2003
St. Vincent und die Grenadinen – 15 May 2003
Myanmar – 9 July 2003
Guyana – 22 September 2003
Benin – 26 November 2004
Burkina Faso – 27 November 2004
Federated States of Micronesia – 30 November 2004
Nauru – 2 December 2004
Cabo Verde – 10 December 2004
Thailand – 23 January 2005
Somalia – 17 February 2005
Mauretanien – 23 March 2005
Iraq – 10 June 2005
Peru – 29 June 2005
Samoa – 18 August 2005
Kenia – 1 February 2006
Montenegro – 14 June 2006[8]
Surinam – 12 April 2007
Eswatini – 6 July 2007
Brunei – 1 August 2007
Paraguay – 26 October 2007
Chile – 15 September 2008
Andorra – 31 July 2009
Botswana – 4 September 2010
Fidschi – 17 October 2010
Kosovo – 15 March 2010
Syria – 23 September 2010
Simbabwe – 13 January 2011
Tuvalu – 29 June 2011[9]
Namibia – 21 December 2011[9]
Malta – 25 January 2017[10]
Georgien – 15 March 2019[9]
Südkorea – 18 July 2019[9]
Zypern – 30 August 2019[9]
St. Kitts und Nevis – 12 September 2019[11]
Monaco – 26 September 2019[9]
San Marino – 26 September 2019[12]
Tunesien – 27 September 2019[9]
Philippinen – 23 September 2021[13]
Bilateral relations
Africa
Land | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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No diplomatic relations[15] |
South Africa is represented in North Macedonia by its embassy in Athens, Greece.[15] |
Americas
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1998 | |
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4 July 1996 | |
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4 October 2001 |
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See North Macedonia–United States relations
![]() The United States and North Macedonia enjoy excellent bilateral relations.[24] The United States formally recognized North Macedonia on February 8, 1994, and the two countries established full diplomatic relations on September 13, 1995. The U.S. Liaison Office was upgraded to an embassy in February 1996, and the first U.S. Ambassador to Skopje arrived in July 1996. The development of political relations between the United States and North Macedonia has ushered in a whole host of other contacts between the two states. In 2004, the United States recognized the country under its constitutional name of that time – Republic of Macedonia.
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Asia
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28 June 1995 | See Azerbaijan–North Macedonia relations |
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12 October 1993 |
On October 12, 1993, the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) established diplomatic relations with North Macedonia expressly declaring that the Government of the PRC is the sole legal government of China, and Taiwan as an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. The Government of North Macedonia affirmed it would not establish any form of official relations with Taiwan.[26]
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16 February 2019 | See Georgia–North Macedonia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on February 16, 2019.[27] |
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1996 | See India–North Macedonia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1996.[28]
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Indonesia is represented in North Macedonia by its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria.[29]
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7 December 1995 | See Israel–North Macedonia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 7, 1995.
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March 1994 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations in March 1994. North Macedonia opened its first resident embassy in Tokyo in 2013 and the first resident ambassador of North Macedonia to Japan is H.E. Dr. Andrijana Cvetkovik[30]
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The two countries hold regular political consultations on subjects of political, economic, cultural, humanitarian issues.[31]
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11 October 1993 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 11, 1993. They enjoy friendly relations. DPRK is represented in North Macedonia through its embassy in Sofia. |
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18 July 2019 | |
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27 January 1999 |
Notwithstanding the above, North Macedonia and the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC) established diplomatic relations on January 27, 1999.[33] This development increased the number of the ROC's diplomatic allies in Europe from one to two (the other being the Holy See). The PRC was opposed to this and in retaliation vetoed the UN resolution renewing the mandate of the UNPREDEP (a peacekeeping force) in North Macedonia. On April 28, 1999, North Macedonia opened an embassy in Taipei, ROC.[34] The Republic of North Macedonia and the PRC normalized their relations on June 18, 2001.[35] On the same day, the ROC severed diplomatic relations with North Macedonia.[34] In the joint communiqué between North Macedonia and People's Republic of China, North Macedonia recognized "emphatically that there is but one China in the world, that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory".[35] |
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See North Macedonia–Turkey relations
Due to historical and cultural mutualities and human bonds North Macedonia and Turkey have very close and friendly relations.[36] Shortly after North Macedonia declared its independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991, Turkey was among the first countries to recognise North Macedonia's sovereignty.[37] Bilateral relations were established on August 26, 1992.[38] North Macedonia has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate–general in Istanbul, while Turkey has an embassy in Skopje and a consulate-general in Bitola.
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10 June 1994 |
Europa
Land | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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See Albania–North Macedonia relations
Recently (Aug. 2008) they signed a treaty enabling visa-free movement between the countries. Both countries support each other's ethnic minorities in cultural, political and educational aspects. During the ethnic conflict in 2001, the Albanian government did not interfere and supported peaceful resolution. Albania had recognized Skopje under the UN provisional reference of the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia",[41][42] abbreviated as FYROM.[43][44] Both countries are full members of the NATO and Council of Europe. On 26 November 2019, an earthquake struck Albania. North Macedonia sent €100,000 in financial aid,[45] drones with thermal cameras, rescue teams and mechanical equipment for relief operations.[46][47] Both countries EU Accession negotiations in 24 March 2020.
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See Bosnia and Herzegovina–North Macedonia relations
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See Bulgaria–North Macedonia relations
Bulgaria–North Macedonia relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bulgaria and North Macedonia. Rules for governing good neighbourly relations were agreed between Bulgaria and North Macedonia in the Joint Declaration of February 22, 1999 and reaffirmed by a joint memorandum signed on January 22, 2008 in Sofia.[48] The governments of Bulgaria and North Macedonia signed a friendship treaty to bolster the relations between the two Balkan states in August 2017.[49] The treaty was ratified by the parliament of the Republic of North Macedonia on the 15th of and of Bulgaria on 18 January 2018.[50] | |
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29 August 2019 | See Cyprus–North Macedonia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 29, 2019.[51][52][53] |
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See Denmark–North Macedonia relations
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2 March 1995 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 2, 1995.[54] |
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See Greece–North Macedonia relations
North Macedonia and Greece have excellent economic and business relations, with Greece being the largest investor in the country. Until the Prespa Agreement (2019), the indeterminate status of North Macedonia's former name arose from a long-running dispute with Greece. The main points of the dispute were:[55]
The naming issue was "parked" in a compromise agreed at the United Nations in 1993. However, Greece refused to grant diplomatic recognition to the Republic and imposed an economic blockade that lasted until the flag and constitutional issues were resolved in 1995. The naming issue was resolved with the Prespa Agreement, signed in 2018, and entered into force in February 2019. | |
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See Kosovo–North Macedonia relations
North Macedonia and Kosovo have very friendly and cordial neighbourly relations[citation needed] which mainly are due to the ethnic Albanian populations that live inside North Macedonia. In October 2008, North Macedonia recognized Kosovo as an independent state with plan to establish diplomatic relations. Kosovo recognized the neighbouring country under its former constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia.[59] Also in October 2008, a bilateral agreement was signed between the two countries after the border between the two was physically marked by a joint committee.[60] Kosovo and North Macedonia have signed a Free Trade Agreement in 2005 to facilitate trade opportunities, investment conditions and improve good-neighbourly relations. North Macedonia's investments are the largest in Kosovo since its independence on February 17, 2008 year.[61]
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18 July 1995 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 18, 1995.[62]
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14 June 2006 | See North Macedonia–Montenegro relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 14, 2006.[63] |
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1993 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993.[64] |
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11 January 1995 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 11, 1995.[65] |
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See North Macedonia–Russia relations
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See North Macedonia–Serbia relations
North Macedonia and Serbia traditionally have friendly relations. Serbia is a main trading partner and recognized its neighbour under its former constitutional name – Republic of Macedonia. Macedonians in Serbia are a recognized national minority, same as Serbs in North Macedonia. However, the non-recognition of the Macedonian Orthodox Church by the Serbian Orthodox Church and North Macedonia's recognition of Kosovo as an independent state are disturbing the relations of these two countries.
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12 February 1992 | See North Macedonia–Slovenia relations
North Macedonia and Slovenia have very close political and economic relations. Once part of SFR Yugoslavia, the two republics declared independence in 1991 (Slovenia in June, North Macedonia in September) and recognised each other's independence on February 12, 1992.[66] Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on March 17, 1992.[67] Slovenia supports North Macedonia's sovereignty, territorial integrity, its Euro-integration and visa liberalisation.[66][68] A significant number of Slovenian investments ended up in North Macedonia. In 2007, about 70 million euros were invested.[69] In January 2009, the Macedonian prime minister Nikola Gruevski announced, that he expects more Slovenian investments in infrastructure and energy projects.[69] Over 70 Slovenian companies are present on the Macedonian market.[66] |
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See North Macedonia–Spain relations | |
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31 January 1994 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 31, 1994.[70]
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See North Macedonia–Ukraine relations
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See North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations |
Oceania
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15 February 1994 | |
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2004 |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 30, 2004.[74] |
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Both countries established diplomatic relations on August 18, 2005.[77] |
Issues
Flag issue
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Macedonia_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Macedonia_%281992%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png)
North Macedonia's first post-independence flag caused a major controversy when it was unveiled. The use of the Vergina Sun on the flag was seen by Greece as territorial claim to the northern Greek region of Macedonia, where the golden larnax containing the symbol was unearthed in 1977 during excavations in Vergina by Greek archaeologist Manolis Andronikos. The Greek viewpoint was summed up in an FAQ circulated on the Internet in the late 1990s:
- The Vergina Sun, the emblem of Philip's dynasty, symbolizes the birth of our nation. It was the first time (4th century BC) that the Greek mainland (city-states and kingdoms) with the same language, culture, and religion were united against the enemies of Asia in one league. At the same time the fractured Greek world grew conscious of its unity. And, in this sense, we have never been apart since then. The "Sun" was excavated in Greece in 1978, and it is sacred to us.[78]
The Vergina Sun, claimed by Greece as an exclusive state symbol, was removed from the flag under an agreement reached between the Republic of Macedonia and Greece in September 1995. The Republic agreed to meet a number of Greek demands for changes to its national symbols and constitution, while Greece agreed to establish diplomatic relations with the Republic and end its economic blockade.[79]
Constitutional issue
North Macedonia's first post-independence constitution, adopted on November 17, 1991 included a number of clauses that Greece interpreted as promoting secessionist sentiment among the Slavophone population of northern Greece, and making irredentist claims on Greek territory. Article 49 of the constitution caused particular concern. It read:
- (1) The Republic cares for the status and rights of those persons belonging to the Macedonian people in neighboring countries, as well as Macedonian expatriates, assists their cultural development and promotes links with them. In the exercise of this concern the Republic will not interfere in the sovereign rights of other states or in their internal affairs.
- (2) The Republic cares for the cultural, economic and social rights of the citizens of the Republic abroad.[80]
The Greek government interpreted this as a licence for North Macedonia to interfere in Greek internal affairs. Given long-standing Greek sensitivities over the position of the country's minority groups, the government saw this as being the most serious of the three main issues affecting relations between the two countries; the issue of the republic's symbols, by contrast, was seen as being of much less substantive importance, even though it aroused the loudest political controversy. The Greek prime minister at the time, Constantine Mitsotakis, later commented that
- What concerned me from the very first moment was not the name of the state. The problem for me was that [we should not allow] the creation of a second minority problem in the area of western [Greek] Macedonia [the first minority being the Turkish-speaking Greeks of western Thrace]. My main aim was to convince the Republic to declare that there is no Slavomacedonian minority in Greece. This was the real key of our difference with Skopje.[81]
The offending articles were removed under the 1995 agreement between the two sides.
See also
- List of diplomatic missions in North Macedonia
- List of diplomatic missions of North Macedonia
- List of state visits made by Gjorge Ivanov
- Passport of North Macedonia
References
- ^ a b Article on Former Yugoslav states Archived June 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ European Commission. "Background information – The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia". Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- ^ European Broadcasting Union. "Members' Logos". Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- ^ International Olympic Committee. "LIST OF NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEES PARTICIPATING IN THE XIX OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES IN SALT LAKE CITY" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2008. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
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- ^ "US snubs Greece over Macedonia". BBC News Online. November 4, 2004. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
- ^ "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on April 17, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Diplomatic relations between North Macedonia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "25 January 2017". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
- ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of the Philippines established diplomatic relations". September 23, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
- ^ "Home Africa". www.mfa.gov.mk. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
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- ^ a b "Azerbaijan - Macedonia relations" (PDF). web.archive.org. February 27, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China". Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ "Georgia, North Macedonia establish diplomatic ties". Agenda.ge. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
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- ^ "Japan-Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
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- ^ a b "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China". Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ Republic of Turkey – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived June 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in English)
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- ^ admin. "- General Information about Countries and Regions". www.mofa.gov.vn. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ United Nations, A/RES/47/225, April 8, 1993
- ^ United Nations Security Council Resolutions 817 of April 7 and 845 June 18, 1993, see UN resolutions made on 1993
- ^ "Diplomatic Representative of Albania, 30, FYROM". Retrieved February 29, 2012.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania
- ^ FYROM on un.org
- ^ "Maqedonia e Veriut jep 100 mijë Euro për Shqipërinë" (in Albanian). TV Klan. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Земјотрес во Албанија - Македонија прати помош [Earthquake in Albania, Macedonia sends help]" (in Macedonian). Gevgelijanet. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ "Albania hit by a devastating earthquake, North Macedonia to send rescue teams". Nezavisen Vesnik. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ Bulgarian Policies on the Republic of Macedonia: Recommendations on the development of good neighbourly relations following Bulgaria’s accession to the EU and in the context of NATO and EU enlargement in the Western Balkans. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2008. 80 pp. (Trilingual publication in Bulgarian, Macedonian and English) ISBN 978-954-92032-2-6
- ^ "Bulgaria pledges to champion Macedonia's EU and NATO dreams". August 2, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ "Macedonian Parliament Ratifies The Declaration of Cooperation With Bulgaria". Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- ^ https://www.tornosnews.gr/en/tourism-businesses/markets/36249-cyprus-republic-to-establish-full-diplomatic-relations-with-north-macedonia.html
- ^ http://www.ekathimerini.com/242689/article/ekathimerini/news/cyprus-to-establish-diplomatic-relations-with-north-macedonia
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- ^ "Macedonia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". www.vm.ee. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ Floudas, Demetrius Andreas; "A Name for a Conflict or a Conflict for a Name? An Analysis of Greece's Dispute with FYROM". 24 (1996) Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 285. 1996. Archived from the original on January 27, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2008.
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- ^ "Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova i evropskih integracija". www.mvpei.gov.me. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ "Norway in Serbia". Norgesportalen. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
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- ^ a b c Republic of Slovenia – Government Communication Office[permanent dead link]
- ^ Macedonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Established full diplomatic relations with the Republic of North Macedonia Archived September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ a b Vecer Online Archived February 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Switzerland and Macedonia celebrate 25th anniversary of diplomatic relations".
- ^ "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia country brief". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ "Australian Consulate in Skopje, Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
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- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Embassy of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "New Zealand Embassy". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ "Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa - Samoa Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Retrieved November 2, 2018.
- ^ Never Say Never Again (November 15, 1998). "Macedonian FAQ (Hellenic)". Newsgroup: alt.religion.christian.east-orthodox. Usenet: #oVovmKE#[email protected]. Retrieved November 19, 2006.
- ^ Floudas, Demetrius A. (2002). "'Pardon? A Conflict for a Name?' FYROM's Dispute with Greece Revisited". in: Kourvetaris et al. (eds.), The New Balkans, East European Monographs: Columbia University Press, 2002, p. 85.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia Archived June 16, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, adopted November 17, 1991, amended on January 6, 1992
- ^ Constantine Mitsotakis, quoted in Tom Gallagher, The Balkans in the New Millennium: in the shadow of war and peace, p. 6. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0-415-34940-0
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
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