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{{Short description|1941 treaty between Nazi Germany and Romania on the region of Transnistria}} |
{{Short description|1941 treaty between Nazi Germany and Romania on the region of Transnistria}} |
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[[File:ROMANIA MAI 1942.png|thumb|Romanian territory in May 1942]] |
[[File:ROMANIA MAI 1942.png|thumb|Romanian territory in May 1942]] |
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The '''Tighina Agreement''' ({{lang-de|Tighiner Abkommen}}; {{lang-ro|Acordul de la Tighina}}) was an agreement between [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] about administration, [[economy]] and security issues of the [[Transnistria Governorate]] that entered into force on 30 August 1941. It was signed during [[World War II]], while the [[Axis powers|Axis]] [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion]] of the [[Soviet Union]] was taking place. The [[Tiraspol Agreement]] |
The '''Tighina Agreement''' ({{lang-de|Tighiner Abkommen}}; {{lang-ro|Acordul de la Tighina}}) was an agreement between [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] about administration, [[economy]] and security issues of the [[Transnistria Governorate]] that entered into force on 30 August 1941. It was signed during [[World War II]], while the [[Axis powers|Axis]] [[Operation Barbarossa|invasion]] of the [[Soviet Union]] was taking place. The [[Tiraspol Agreement]] through which Romania received the region had entered in force shortly before, on 19 August.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309415043|title=The beginning of war in the East and hastening the approaches against the Jewish population|first1=Adina|last1=Babeș|first2=Alexandru|last2=Florian|journal=Holocaust. Studii și Cercetări|issue=7|year=2014|pages=30–44}}</ref> |
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Discussions to make an agreement began on 17 August, and they were concluded by the German [[General]] [[Arthur Hauffe]] and the Romanian [[Major general|General]] [[Nicolae Tătăranu]] in the [[city]] of Tighina (now [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]], [[Moldova]], under [[Transnistria]]n control). Before the agreement, the region had remained under German military occupation. Furthermore, it was agreed that until military operations ended, Romania could not evacuate |
Discussions to make an agreement began on 17 August, and they were concluded by the German [[General]] [[Arthur Hauffe]] and the Romanian [[Major general|General]] [[Nicolae Tătăranu]] in the [[city]] of Tighina (now [[Bender, Moldova|Bender]], [[Moldova]], under [[Transnistria]]n control). Before the agreement, the region had remained under German military occupation. Furthermore, it was agreed that until military operations ended, Romania could not evacuate [[History of the Jews in Romania|its Jews]] east of the [[Southern Bug]] (that is, to lands under German control as the river marked the eastern boundary of Transnistria). Therefore, they were to be placed under labor camps until then. This is probably because of the inability of the ''[[Einsatzgruppe D]]'' to deal with all of the [[Jews]], as it operated over a very large area. It was intended to kill them or to put them under hard labor conditions permanently.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article-abstract/19/2/252/630455|title=The German-Romanian relationship and the Final Solution|first=Jean|last=Ancel|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|volume=19|issue=2|year=2005|pages=252–275|doi=10.1093/hgs/dci022|s2cid=143758335}}</ref> |
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The agreement also allowed the German army to establish naval and air bases in Transnistria and periodically enter the region to "perform special jobs", referring to actions against the Jewish population. Transnistria would later become the destination of many Jews from the recently recovered [[Northern Bukovina]] and [[Bessarabia]]. [[Ion Antonescu]], ''[[Conducător]]'' (leader) of Romania, planned to colonize Transnistria with Romanian settlers once the invasion of the Soviet Union and the extermination of the Jewish and [[Romani people|Romani]] population in the region was completed to formally annex it.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmnoCwAAQBAJ|title=Memory unbound: tracing the dynamics of memory studies|first1=Lucy|last1=Bond|first2=Stef|last2=Craps|first3=Pieter|last3=Vermeulen|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2016|pages=1–302|isbn=9781785333019}}</ref> The agreement had 9 articles.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpEsAAAAIAAJ|title=Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression|author=Office of Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|location=[[Washington D. C.]]|volume=6|pages=1–1120|year=1946}}</ref> |
The agreement also allowed the German army to establish naval and air bases in Transnistria and periodically enter the region to "perform special jobs", referring to actions against the Jewish population. Transnistria would later become the destination of many Jews from the recently recovered [[Northern Bukovina]] and [[Bessarabia]]. [[Ion Antonescu]], ''[[Conducător]]'' (leader) of Romania, planned to colonize Transnistria with Romanian settlers once the invasion of the Soviet Union and the extermination of the Jewish and [[Romani people|Romani]] population in the region was completed to formally annex it.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmnoCwAAQBAJ|title=Memory unbound: tracing the dynamics of memory studies|first1=Lucy|last1=Bond|first2=Stef|last2=Craps|first3=Pieter|last3=Vermeulen|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2016|pages=1–302|isbn=9781785333019}}</ref> The agreement had 9 articles.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xpEsAAAAIAAJ|title=Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression|author=Office of Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|location=[[Washington D. C.]]|volume=6|pages=1–1120|year=1946}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:11, 15 October 2021
The Tighina Agreement (German: Tighiner Abkommen; Romanian: Acordul de la Tighina) was an agreement between Nazi Germany and Romania about administration, economy and security issues of the Transnistria Governorate that entered into force on 30 August 1941. It was signed during World War II, while the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union was taking place. The Tiraspol Agreement through which Romania received the region had entered in force shortly before, on 19 August.[1]
Discussions to make an agreement began on 17 August, and they were concluded by the German General Arthur Hauffe and the Romanian General Nicolae Tătăranu in the city of Tighina (now Bender, Moldova, under Transnistrian control). Before the agreement, the region had remained under German military occupation. Furthermore, it was agreed that until military operations ended, Romania could not evacuate its Jews east of the Southern Bug (that is, to lands under German control as the river marked the eastern boundary of Transnistria). Therefore, they were to be placed under labor camps until then. This is probably because of the inability of the Einsatzgruppe D to deal with all of the Jews, as it operated over a very large area. It was intended to kill them or to put them under hard labor conditions permanently.[2]
The agreement also allowed the German army to establish naval and air bases in Transnistria and periodically enter the region to "perform special jobs", referring to actions against the Jewish population. Transnistria would later become the destination of many Jews from the recently recovered Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia. Ion Antonescu, Conducător (leader) of Romania, planned to colonize Transnistria with Romanian settlers once the invasion of the Soviet Union and the extermination of the Jewish and Romani population in the region was completed to formally annex it.[3] The agreement had 9 articles.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Babeș, Adina; Florian, Alexandru (2014). "The beginning of war in the East and hastening the approaches against the Jewish population". Holocaust. Studii și Cercetări (7): 30–44.
- ^ Ancel, Jean (2005). "The German-Romanian relationship and the Final Solution". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 19 (2): 252–275. doi:10.1093/hgs/dci022. S2CID 143758335.
- ^ Bond, Lucy; Craps, Stef; Vermeulen, Pieter (2016). Memory unbound: tracing the dynamics of memory studies. Berghahn Books. pp. 1–302. ISBN 9781785333019.
- ^ Office of Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality (1946). Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression. Vol. 6. Washington D. C.: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 1–1120.