List of governors-general of India: Difference between revisions
Rockcodder (talk | contribs) Added Prime Ministers and Secretaries of State for India. |
Rockcodder (talk | contribs) Rearranged elements of the table. |
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!'''Secretary of State for India''' |
!'''Secretary of State for India''' |
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!Prime Minister |
!Prime Minister |
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!Appointer |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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! colspan=" |
! colspan="7" | Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947 |
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|- |
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! colspan="7" |[[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by [[Queen Victoria|'''Victoria''']] <small>(1837–1901)</small> |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Lord Viscount Canning.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Lord Viscount Canning.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>21 March</small><br />1862 |
| <small>21 March</small><br />1862 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* '''[[Government of India Act 1858| |
* '''[[Government of India Act 1858|The Government of India Act, 1858]]''' |
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* |
*[[Union budget of India|System of Budget]] introduced |
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* |
* Formation of [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Imperial Civil Services]] |
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* |
* [[Indigo revolt|Indigo Revolt in Bengal]] in 1859–60 |
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* |
* Enactment of [[Indian Penal Code]] in 1860 |
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* |
* Indian Councils Act 1861 |
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* |
* Indian civil service act 1861 |
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* |
* Establishment of [[Archaeological Survey of India]] |
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* |
*Introduced Portfolio System which gave foundation for Cabinet System |
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|[[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby| |
|[[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley]] |
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[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax| |
[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Sir Charles Wood]] |
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|[[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby| |
|[[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby|The 14th Earl of Derby]] |
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[[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston| |
[[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |
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| rowspan="15" style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Queen Victoria|'''Victoria''']]<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|65px]]<br /><small>(1837–1901)</small> |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Elgin.png|80px]] |
| [[File:Elgin.png|80px]] |
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| <small>20 November</small><br />1863 |
| <small>20 November</small><br />1863 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* |
* Establishment of [[Calcutta High Court]] ({{small|2 July}}), [[Bombay High Court]] ({{small|14 August}}) and [[Madras High Court]] ({{small|15 August}}) in 1862 |
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* |
*Wahabi movement suppressed |
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| rowspan="3" |[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax| |
| rowspan="3" |[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Sir Charles Wood]] |
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| rowspan="3" |[[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston| |
| rowspan="3" |[[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | [[File:Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala - Project Gutenberg eText 16528.png|80px]] |
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | [[File:Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala - Project Gutenberg eText 16528.png|80px]] |
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| <small>12 January</small><br />1869 |
| <small>12 January</small><br />1869 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* |
* [[Bhutan War|Bhutan War (1864–65)]] (The [[British Empire|British]] defeated an undefended [[Bhutan]] and annexed [[Assam]] and [[Bengal]] [[Dooars|Duars]]) |
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* |
* Establishment of [[Shimla]] as India's summer capital in 1863 |
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* |
*[http://www.thebrahmosamaj.net/history/chronology.html The Tabernacle of New Dispensation], a new Church established by [[Keshub Chandra Sen]] |
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* |
* Establishment of [[Allahabad High Court]] in 1866 |
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* |
*punjab tenancy act was passed |
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|[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax| |
|[[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Sir Charles Wood]] |
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[[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon| |
[[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|The Earl de Grey]] |
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[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Viscount Cranborne]] |
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[[Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh| |
[[Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh|Sir Stafford Northcote]] |
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[[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll| |
[[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll|The Duke of Argyll]] |
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|[[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston| |
|[[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |
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[[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell| |
[[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|The Earl Russell]] |
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[[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby| |
[[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby|The 14th Earl of Derby]] |
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[[Benjamin Disraeli |
[[Benjamin Disraeli]] |
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[[William Ewart Gladstone |
[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>8 February</small><br />1872 |
| <small>8 February</small><br />1872 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* |
* Assassinated by a Pathan [[Sher Ali Afridi]] |
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* |
* Started the [[Census of India before independence|Census]]. |
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* |
* Opening of [[Rajkumar College, Rajkot|Rajkumar college in Rajkot]] and [[Mayo College|Mayo College at Ajmer]] for political training of Indian Princes |
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* |
* Started Financial decentralization |
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* |
* Enacted IPC amendment-Sedition Act 1870 to tackle Wahabi Movement |
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* |
*He established the department of commerce and agriculture |
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* |
*[[Keshub Chandra Sen]] establishes [[Indian Reform Association]] |
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| rowspan="3" |[[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll| |
| rowspan="3" |[[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll|The Duke of Argyll]] |
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| rowspan="3" |[[William Ewart Gladstone |
| rowspan="3" |[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | [[File:John Strachey (civil servant) (cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | [[File:John Strachey (civil servant) (cropped).jpg|80px]] |
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|<small>12 April</small><br />1876 |
|<small>12 April</small><br />1876 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* |
* [[Jyotirao Phule|Jyotiba Phule]] launches [[Satyashodhak Samaj|The Satyashodhak Samaj]] in [[Maharashtra]] in 1873 against the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] and [[Untouchability]]. |
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* [[Dramatic Performances Act| |
* [[Dramatic Performances Act| Dramatic Performances Act, 1876]] |
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* |
*Kuka rebellion led by ram Singh in Punjab |
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* |
* he was resigned over Afghanistan question |
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* |
*trial of gaekwads of baroda |
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|[[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll| |
|[[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll|The Duke of Argyll]] |
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[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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|[[William Ewart Gladstone |
|[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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[[Benjamin Disraeli |
[[Benjamin Disraeli]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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|[[File:Robert Bulwer-Lytton by Nadar.jpg|80px]] |
|[[File:Robert Bulwer-Lytton by Nadar.jpg|80px]] |
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|<small>8 June</small><br />1880 |
|<small>8 June</small><br />1880 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* [[Great Famine of 1876–1878 |
* [[Great Famine of 1876–1878]] |
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* |
*decreased the maximum age of ICS from 21 to 19 |
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* |
*famine commission under starchy was appointed by him |
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* |
*Deccan agrarian relief act was passed in 1876 |
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* |
* [[Vernacular Press Act]], 1878 |
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*[[Arms Act, 1878 |
*[[Arms Act, 1878]] |
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* |
* [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], (1878–80) |
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* |
*[[Delhi Durbar|1st Delhi Durbar]] out of 3 |
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* |
*Royal Titles Act, 1876 by which Queen Victoria assumed the title of 'Empress of India' |
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|[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
|[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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[[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook| |
[[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook|The Viscount Cranbrook]] |
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[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire| |
[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Marquess of Hartington]] |
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|[[Benjamin Disraeli |
|[[Benjamin Disraeli]] |
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[[William Ewart Gladstone |
[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:George Robinson 1st Marquess of Ripon.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:George Robinson 1st Marquess of Ripon.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>13 December</small><br />1884 |
| <small>13 December</small><br />1884 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* |
* First Factory Act (1881) |
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* [[Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 |
* [[Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881]] |
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* |
* Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882) |
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* |
* [[Ilbert Bill]] (1883) |
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* |
*foundation of Punjab university |
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* |
* Government resolution on local self-government (1882) |
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* |
* Appointment of Education Commission under Sir William Hunter |
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* |
*First complete Census |
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* |
*Father of local self-government in India (Ripon's Resolution of 1882) |
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|[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire| |
|[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Marquess of Hartington]] |
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[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley| |
[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|The Earl of Kimberley]] |
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|[[William Ewart Gladstone |
|[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Young Lord Dufferin.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Young Lord Dufferin.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>10 December</small><br />1888 |
| <small>10 December</small><br />1888 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* |
* [[Indian National Congress|Formation of Indian National Congress]] (1885) |
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* |
*Bengal tenancy act 1885 |
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* |
*INC was called a "microscopic minority" by Dufferin |
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* |
* [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] (1885) |
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|[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley| |
|[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|The Earl of Kimberley]] |
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[[Lord Randolph Churchill |
[[Lord Randolph Churchill]] |
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[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley| |
[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|The Earl of Kimberley]] |
||
[[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross| |
[[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross|The Viscount Cross]] |
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|[[William Ewart Gladstone |
|[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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[[William Ewart Gladstone |
[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
||
[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Marquess of Lansdowne crop.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Marquess of Lansdowne crop.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>11 October</small><br />1894 |
| <small>11 October</small><br />1894 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* [[Indian Councils Act 1892| |
* [[Indian Councils Act 1892|Indian Council Act 1892]] |
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* |
*in 1891, age of consent act in which the marriage of below 12 years girl is prohibited |
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*[https://www.examrace.com/Study-Material/History/National-Movement-in-India/Factories-Acts-Industrial-Disputes-Famine-Co-operative-Society.html |
*[https://www.examrace.com/Study-Material/History/National-Movement-in-India/Factories-Acts-Industrial-Disputes-Famine-Co-operative-Society.html Factory Act 1891] |
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* |
* Setting up of [[Durand Line|Durand Commission]] in 1893 (India-Afghanistan) |
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|[[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross| |
|[[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross|The Viscount Cross]] |
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[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley| |
[[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley|The Earl of Kimberley]] |
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[[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton| |
[[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] |
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|[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
|[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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[[William Ewart Gladstone |
[[William Ewart Gladstone]] |
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[[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery| |
[[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|The Earl of Rosebery]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:9thEarlOfElgin.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:9thEarlOfElgin.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>6 January</small><br />1899 |
| <small>6 January</small><br />1899 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* [[Indian famine of 1896–1897 |
* [[Indian famine of 1896–1897]] |
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* |
* Establishment of [[Ramakrishna Mission]] by [[Swami Vivekananda]] at [[Belur Math]] in 1897 |
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* |
*santhal uprisings 1899 |
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* |
*munda uprisings 1899 |
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* |
*lyall commission appointed after famine |
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* |
*plague spread in bombay |
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* |
*Assassination of two British officials by the Chapekar brothers 1897 |
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|[[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton| |
|[[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] |
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[[Lord George Hamilton |
[[Lord George Hamilton]] |
||
|[[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery| |
|[[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|The Earl of Rosebery]] |
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[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:George Curzon2.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:George Curzon2.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>18 November</small><br />1905 |
| <small>18 November</small><br />1905 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
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* [[Indian famine of 1899–1900 |
* [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]] |
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* '''[[Partition of Bengal (1905) |
* '''[[Partition of Bengal (1905)]]''' |
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* |
* Official Secrets Act 1904 to curb free press |
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* |
* 2nd Delhi Durbar out of 3 (1903) |
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* |
* Appointment of Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer |
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* |
* Appointment of [[Indian Universities Commission 1902|Raleigh University Commission (1902)]] |
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* |
*famine commission under Macdonell |
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* |
* new department commerce and industry was established |
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* |
*The risings of the frontier tribes in 1897-98 led him to create the Northwestern frontier province |
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* |
*PUSA agriculture institute in 1903 |
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* |
* Passing of Indian Universities Act 1904 |
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* |
*[[2nd Swadeshi Movement]] (1905–1911) against [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition of Bengal]] by [[Lal Bal Pal]]-[[Sri Aurobindo|Aurbindo Ghosh]]) |
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* |
* [[Central Hindu Girls School|Benaras Hindu Girl's School]] was established by [[Annie Besant]] in 1904 |
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* |
* He said, "India is the pivot of our Empire.... If the Empire loses any other part of its Dominion we can survive, but if we lose India, the sun of our Empire will have set."<br /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Day B.|first1=Richard & Gaido Daniel|title=Witnesses to Permanent Revolution: The Documentary Record|date=2009|publisher=LEIDEN • BOSTON|isbn=978 90 04 167704|location=London|page=406}}</ref> |
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|[[Lord George Hamilton |
|[[Lord George Hamilton]] |
||
[[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton| |
[[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|William St John Brodrick]] |
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|[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury| |
|[[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] |
||
[[Arthur Balfour |
[[Arthur Balfour]] |
||
|- |
|||
! colspan="7" |[[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[Edward VII]]''' <small>(1901–1910)</small> |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Earl Minto.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Earl Minto.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>23 November</small><br />1910 |
| <small>23 November</small><br />1910 |
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| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
*[[Morley–Minto reforms]] 1909, or the Indian Councils Act 1909 |
||
* |
* Split in Congress in 1907 |
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* |
* Seditious meetings (prohibition) Act 1907 to curb the extremist movement |
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* |
* Establishment of [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] by [[Aga Khan III]] (1906) |
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* [[Indian Press Act, 1910 |
* [[Indian Press Act, 1910]] |
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* |
* [[Jamsetji Tata]] established [[Tata Steel|TISCO]] in 1907 |
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|[[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton| |
|[[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|William St John Brodrick]] |
||
[[John Morley |
[[John Morley]] |
||
[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe| |
[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|The Earl of Crewe]] |
||
|[[Arthur Balfour |
|[[Arthur Balfour]] |
||
[[Henry Campbell-Bannerman| |
[[Henry Campbell-Bannerman|Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman]] |
||
[[H. H. Asquith |
[[H. H. Asquith]] |
||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Edward VII]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|65px]]<br /><small>(1901–1910)</small> |
|||
! colspan="7" |[[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[George V]]''' <small>(1910–1936)</small> |
|||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Charles Hardinge01 crop.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Charles Hardinge01 crop.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>4 April</small><br />1916 |
| <small>4 April</small><br />1916 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* Third [[Delhi Durbar]] (1911) |
||
* |
*Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa in 1915 |
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* |
* bomb was thrown at him near Chandni chowk but escaped unhurt |
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* |
* Transfer of capital from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]] (1911) |
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* |
* Partition of Bengal to form Bihar province (1912) |
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* |
* [[McMahon Line|McMahon border line]] was created between India and China in 1914 |
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* |
* [[Ghadar Mutiny]] (1915) |
||
|[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe| |
|[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|The Earl of Crewe]] |
||
[[John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn| |
[[John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn|The Viscount Morley of Blackburn]] |
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[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe| |
[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|The Marquess of Crewe]] |
||
[[Austen Chamberlain |
[[Austen Chamberlain]] |
||
|[[H. H. Asquith |
|[[H. H. Asquith]] |
||
| rowspan="5" style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[George V]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|65px]]<br /><small>(1910–1936)</small> |
|||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| [[File:Chelmsford Governor.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Chelmsford Governor.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>2 April</small><br />1921 |
| <small>2 April</small><br />1921 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* Formation of [[Indian Home Rule movement]] (1916) |
||
* |
* [[Lucknow Pact]] (1916) |
||
* |
* [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms]] (1919) |
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* |
*saddler commission on education reforms |
||
* [[Government of India Act 1919 |
* [[Government of India Act 1919]] |
||
* |
* [[Rowlatt Act]] (1919) |
||
* |
* '''[[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]''' (1919) |
||
* |
*[[Imperial Bank of India]] (now [[State Bank of India]] established in 1921) |
||
|[[Austen Chamberlain |
|[[Austen Chamberlain]] |
||
[[Edwin Montagu |
[[Edwin Montagu]] |
||
|[[H. H. Asquith |
|[[H. H. Asquith]] |
||
[[David Lloyd George |
[[David Lloyd George]] |
||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:Rufus Isaacs.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Rufus Isaacs.jpg|80px]] |
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| <small>3 April</small><br />1926 |
| <small>3 April</small><br />1926 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* [[Malabar rebellion]] (also known as ''Moplah Rebellion''), first Ethnic Rebellion (1921) |
||
* ''' |
* '''[[Non-cooperation movement]] (1921–22)''' |
||
* |
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]] founded [[Visva-Bharati University]] in 1921 |
||
* |
*Lee commission for public services |
||
* |
* RSS founded in 1925 |
||
* |
* Royal commission on agriculture |
||
* |
* [[Chauri Chaura incident]] (1922) |
||
|[[Edwin Montagu |
|[[Edwin Montagu]] |
||
[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel| |
[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|The Viscount Peel]] |
||
[[Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier| |
[[Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier|The Lord Olivier]] |
||
[[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead| |
[[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead|The Earl of Birkenhead]] |
||
|[[David Lloyd George |
|[[David Lloyd George]] |
||
[[Bonar Law |
[[Bonar Law]] |
||
[[Stanley Baldwin |
[[Stanley Baldwin]] |
||
[[Ramsay MacDonald |
[[Ramsay MacDonald]] |
||
[[Stanley Baldwin |
[[Stanley Baldwin]] |
||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg|80px]] |
||
Line 583: | Line 585: | ||
| <small>18 April</small><br />1931 |
| <small>18 April</small><br />1931 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* [[Simon Commission]] (1928) |
||
* |
* [[Nehru Report]] (1928) |
||
* |
* Death of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] (1928) |
||
* |
* [[Fourteen Points of Jinnah]] (1929) |
||
* |
* '''[[Purna Swaraj]] declaration''' (1929) |
||
* |
* [[Salt March]] (1930) |
||
* |
* [[Dharasana Satyagraha]] (1930) |
||
* |
* First [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]]s (1930) |
||
* |
* [[Allahabad Address]] (1930) |
||
* |
* [[Chittagong armoury raid]] in 1930 |
||
* |
* [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]] (1931) |
||
* |
* Execution of [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Shivaram Rajguru]], and [[Sukhdev Thapar]] (1931) |
||
|[[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead| |
|[[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead|The Earl of Birkenhead]] |
||
[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel| |
[[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|The Viscount Peel]] |
||
[[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate| |
[[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate|William Wedgwood Benn]] |
||
|[[Stanley Baldwin |
|[[Stanley Baldwin]] |
||
[[Ramsay MacDonald |
[[Ramsay MacDonald]] |
||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:Freeman Freeman-Thomas by Henry Walter Barnett.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Freeman Freeman-Thomas by Henry Walter Barnett.jpg|80px]] |
||
Line 607: | Line 609: | ||
| <small>18 April</small><br />1936 |
| <small>18 April</small><br />1936 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* [[Poona Pact]] between [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[B. R. Ambedkar]] in 1932 |
||
* |
* [[Pakistan Declaration]] (1933) |
||
* '''[[Government of India Act 1935 |
* '''[[Government of India Act 1935]]''' |
||
* |
* '''[[Reserve Bank of India]]''' established by passing [[Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934|The Reserve Bank of India Act 1934]]. |
||
* |
* Foundation of [[Congress Socialist Party]] in 1934 |
||
|[[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate| |
|[[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate|William Wedgwood Benn]] |
||
[[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood| |
[[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Sir Samuel Hoare]] |
||
[[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland| |
[[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland|The Marquess of Zetland]] |
||
|[[Ramsay MacDonald |
|[[Ramsay MacDonald]] |
||
[[Stanley Baldwin |
[[Stanley Baldwin]] |
||
|- |
|||
! colspan="7" |[[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[Edward VIII]]''' <small>(1936)</small> |
|||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow.jpg|80px]] |
||
Line 624: | Line 628: | ||
| <small>1 October</small><br />1943 |
| <small>1 October</small><br />1943 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* [[1937 Indian provincial elections|Indian provincial elections]] (1937) |
||
* |
* [[India in World War II|Indian entry into World War II]] (1939) |
||
* |
* [[Day of Deliverance (India)|Day of Deliverance]] (1939) |
||
* |
* [[Lahore Resolution]] (1940) |
||
* |
* [[Cripps Mission]] (1942) |
||
* |
* Formation of [[Indian Legion]] (1942) |
||
* |
* '''[[Quit India Movement]]''' (1942) |
||
* |
* Formation of '''[[Indian National Army]]''' (1942) |
||
* |
* [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal famine]] (1943) |
||
|[[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland| |
|[[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland|The Marquess of Zetland]] |
||
[[Leo Amery |
[[Leo Amery]] |
||
|[[Stanley Baldwin |
|[[Stanley Baldwin]] |
||
[[Neville Chamberlain |
[[Neville Chamberlain]] |
||
[[Winston Churchill |
[[Winston Churchill]] |
||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[Edward VIII]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|65px]]<br /><small>(1936)</small> |
|||
! colspan="7" |[[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[George VI]]''' <small>(1936-1947)</small> {{small|(As [[Emperor of India]])}} |
|||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:Archibald Wavell2.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Archibald Wavell2.jpg|80px]] |
||
Line 646: | Line 651: | ||
| <small>21 February</small><br />1947 |
| <small>21 February</small><br />1947 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* |
* [[C. R. formula]] (1944) |
||
* |
* [[Simla Conference]] (1945) |
||
* |
* [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission]] (1946) |
||
* |
* [[Direct Action Day]] (1946) |
||
* |
* [[Interim Government of India|Interim Government]] was formed in 1946 |
||
* |
* [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny]] (1946) |
||
|[[Leo Amery |
|[[Leo Amery]] |
||
[[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence| |
[[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence|The Lord Pethick-Lawrence]] |
||
|[[Winston Churchill |
|[[Winston Churchill]] |
||
[[Clement Attlee |
[[Clement Attlee]] |
||
| rowspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0" | '''[[George VI]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|65px]]<br /><small>(1936–1947)</small><br />{{small|(As [[Emperor of India]])}}<br /><br /> |
|||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]] |
||
Line 663: | Line 667: | ||
| <small>15 August</small><br />1947 |
| <small>15 August</small><br />1947 |
||
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
| style="font-size:90%;" | |
||
* [[Indian Independence Act 1947 |
* [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] |
||
|[[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence| |
|[[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence|The Lord Pethick-Lawrence]] |
||
[[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel| |
[[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel|The Earl of Listowel]] |
||
|[[Clement Attlee |
|[[Clement Attlee]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 675: | Line 679: | ||
!Notable events |
!Notable events |
||
!Prime Minister |
!Prime Minister |
||
!Appointer |
|||
|- align="center-" |
|- align="center-" |
||
! colspan=" |
! colspan="6" | Governors-General of the [[Dominion of India]], 1947–1950 |
||
|- |
|||
⚫ | |||
|- align="center-" |
|- align="center-" |
||
| [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]] |
||
Line 686: | Line 691: | ||
* First Governor-General of Independent India |
* First Governor-General of Independent India |
||
| rowspan="2" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] |
| rowspan="2" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] |
||
⚫ | |||
|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
||
| [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|80px]] |
| [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|80px]] |
Revision as of 05:38, 30 November 2021
The Regulating Act of 1773 created the office with the title of Governor-General of Presidency of Fort William, or Governor-General of Bengal to be appointed by the Court of Directors of the East India Company (EIC).The Court of Directors assigned a Council of Four (based in India) to assist the Governor General, and decision of council was binding on the Governor General during 1773–1784.
The Saint Helena Act 1833 (or Government of India Act 1833) re-designated the office with the title of Governor-General of India. Lord William Bentinck was first to be designated as the Governor general of India in 1833.
After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, but the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the British Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.
Following the adoption of the Government of India Act of 1858, the Governor-General as representing the Crown became known as the Viceroy. The designation 'Viceroy', although it was most frequently used in ordinary parlance, had no statutory authority, and was never employed by Parliament. Although the Proclamation of 1858 announcing the assumption of the government of India by the Crown referred to Lord Canning as "first Viceroy and Governor-General", none of the Warrants appointing his successors referred to them as 'Viceroys', and the title, which was frequently used in Warrants dealing with precedence and in public notifications, was basically one of ceremony used in connection with the state and social functions of the Sovereign's representative. The Governor-General continued to be the sole representative of the Crown, and the Government of India continued to be vested in the appointments of Governor-General of India which were made by the British Crown upon the advice of Secretary of State for India. The office of Governor-General continued to exist as a ceremonial post in each of the new dominions of India and Pakistan, until they adopted republican constitutions in 1950 and 1956 respectively.
List of governors-general
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Notable events | Appointer | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before 1773 The Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal) was named as Governor of Bengal, which was in existence from 1757 to 1772.
For the list of Governors of Bengal see List of governors of Bengal. | |||||
Governors-General of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), 1773–1833 | |||||
![]() |
Warren Hastings (1732–1818) |
20 October 1773 [nb 1] |
8 February 1785 |
|
East India Company ![]() (1773–1858) |
![]() |
Sir John Macpherson, Bt (acting) (1745–1821) |
8 February 1785 |
12 September 1786 |
||
![]() |
The Earl Cornwallis[nb 2] (1738–1805) |
12 September 1786 |
28 October 1793 |
| |
![]() |
John Shore (1751–1834) |
28 October 1793 |
18 March 1798 |
| |
![]() |
Lt. Gen Sir Alured Clarke (acting) (1744–1832) |
18 March 1798 |
18 May 1798 |
||
The Marquess Wellesley[nb 3] (1760–1842) |
18 May 1798 |
30 July 1805 |
| ||
![]() |
The Marquess Cornwallis (1738–1805) |
30 July 1805 |
5 October 1805 |
||
![]() |
Sir George Barlow, Bt (acting) (1762–1847) |
10 October 1805 |
31 July 1807 |
| |
![]() |
The Lord Minto (1751–1814) |
31 July 1807 |
4 October 1813 |
||
![]() |
The Marquess of Hastings [nb 4] (1754–1826) |
4 October 1813 |
9 January 1823 |
| |
![]() |
John Adam (acting) (1779–1825) |
9 January 1823 |
1 August 1823 |
| |
![]() |
The Earl Amherst[nb 5] (1773–1857) |
1 August 1823 |
13 March 1828 |
| |
![]() |
William Butterworth Bayley (acting) (1782–1860) |
13 March 1828 |
4 July 1828 |
||
Governors-General of India, 1833–1858 | |||||
![]() |
Lord William Bentinck (1774–1839) |
4 July 1828 |
20 March 1835 |
|
East India Company ![]() (1773–1858) |
![]() |
Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt (acting) (1785–1846) |
20 March 1835 |
4 March 1836 |
| |
![]() |
The Earl of Auckland[nb 6] (1784–1849) |
4 March 1836 |
28 February 1842 |
| |
![]() |
The Lord Ellenborough (1790–1871) |
28 February 1842 |
June 1844 |
| |
![]() |
William Wilberforce Bird (acting) (1784–1857) |
June 1844 |
23 July 1844 |
||
![]() |
Henry Hardinge[nb 7] (1785–1856) |
23 July 1844 |
12 January 1848 |
| |
![]() |
The Earl of Dalhousie[nb 8] (1812–1860) |
12 January 1848 |
28 February 1856 |
| |
![]() |
The Viscount Canning[nb 9] (1812–1862) |
28 February 1856 |
31 October 1858 |
|
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Notable events | Secretary of State for India | Prime Minister | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947 | ||||||
![]() | ||||||
![]() |
The Viscount Canning[nb 9] (1812–1862) |
1 November 1858 |
21 March 1862 |
|
Lord Stanley | The 14th Earl of Derby |
![]() |
The Earl of Elgin (1811–1863) |
21 March 1862 |
20 November 1863 |
|
Sir Charles Wood | Viscount Palmerston |
![]() |
Robert Napier (acting) (1810–1890) |
21 November 1863 |
2 December 1863 |
|||
![]() |
William Denison (acting) (1804–1871) |
2 December 1863 |
12 January 1864 |
|||
![]() |
Sir John Lawrence, Bt (1811–1879) |
12 January 1864 |
12 January 1869 |
|
Sir Charles Wood | Viscount Palmerston |
![]() |
The Earl of Mayo (1822–1872) |
12 January 1869 |
8 February 1872 |
|
The Duke of Argyll | William Ewart Gladstone |
![]() |
Sir John Strachey (acting) (1823–1907) |
9 February 1872 |
23 February 1872 |
|||
![]() |
The Lord Napier (acting) (1819–1898) |
24 February 1872 |
3 May 1872 |
|||
![]() |
The Lord Northbrook (1826–1904) |
3 May 1872 |
12 April 1876 |
|
The Duke of Argyll | William Ewart Gladstone |
![]() |
The Lord Lytton (1831–1891) |
12 April 1876 |
8 June 1880 |
|
The Marquess of Salisbury | Benjamin Disraeli |
![]() |
The Marquess of Ripon (1827–1909) |
8 June 1880 |
13 December 1884 |
|
Marquess of Hartington | William Ewart Gladstone |
![]() |
The Earl of Dufferin (1826–1902) |
13 December 1884 |
10 December 1888 |
|
The Earl of Kimberley | William Ewart Gladstone |
![]() |
The Marquess of Lansdowne (1845–1927) |
10 December 1888 |
11 October 1894 |
|
The Viscount Cross | The Marquess of Salisbury |
![]() |
The Earl of Elgin (1849–1917) | 11 October 1894 |
6 January 1899 |
|
Henry Fowler | The Earl of Rosebery |
![]() |
The Lord Curzon of Kedleston[nb 10] (1859–1925) |
6 January 1899 |
18 November 1905 |
|
Lord George Hamilton | The Marquess of Salisbury |
![]() | ||||||
![]() |
The Earl of Minto (1845–1914) |
18 November 1905 |
23 November 1910 |
|
William St John Brodrick | Arthur Balfour |
![]() | ||||||
![]() |
The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst (1858–1944) |
23 November 1910 |
4 April 1916 |
|
The Earl of Crewe | H. H. Asquith |
![]() |
The Lord Chelmsford (1868–1933) |
4 April 1916 |
2 April 1921 |
|
Austen Chamberlain | H. H. Asquith |
![]() |
The Earl of Reading (1860–1935) |
2 April 1921 |
3 April 1926 |
|
Edwin Montagu | David Lloyd George |
![]() |
The Lord Irwin (1881–1959) |
3 April 1926 |
18 April 1931 |
|
The Earl of Birkenhead | Stanley Baldwin |
![]() |
The Earl of Willingdon (1866–1941) |
18 April 1931 |
18 April 1936 |
|
William Wedgwood Benn | Ramsay MacDonald |
![]() | ||||||
![]() |
The Marquess of Linlithgow (1887–1952) |
18 April 1936 |
1 October 1943 |
|
The Marquess of Zetland | Stanley Baldwin |
![]() | ||||||
![]() |
The Viscount Wavell (1883–1950) |
1 October 1943 |
21 February 1947 |
|
Leo Amery | Winston Churchill |
![]() |
The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979) |
21 February 1947 |
15 August 1947 |
The Lord Pethick-Lawrence | Clement Attlee |
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Notable events | Prime Minister | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governors-General of the Dominion of India, 1947–1950 | |||||
Appointed by George VI (1947-1950) (As King of India) | |||||
![]() |
The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma[nb 11] (1900–1979) |
15 August 1947 |
21 June 1948 |
|
Jawaharlal Nehru |
![]() |
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878–1972) |
21 June 1948 |
26 January 1950 |
|
- Notes
- ^ Originally joined on 28 April 1772
- ^ Earl Cornwallis from 1762; created Marquess Cornwallis in 1792.
- ^ Created Marquess Wellesley in 1799.
- ^ Earl of Moira prior to being created Marquess of Hastings in 1816
- ^ Created Earl Amherst in 1826.
- ^ Created Earl of Auckland in 1839.
- ^ Created Viscount Hardinge in 1846.
- ^ Created Marquess of Dalhousie in 1849.
- ^ a b Created Earl Canning in 1859.
- ^ The Lord Ampthill was acting Governor-General in 1904
- ^ Created Earl Mountbatten of Burma on 28 October 1947.
See also
- List of governors of Bengal Presidency
- Council of India
- Secretary of State for India
- List of presidents of India
- Governor-general
Citations
- ^ "Administrative Reforms of Robert clive". britannica.com. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
- ^ public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rohilla". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 461. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Clarke, John James (1 January 1997). Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter Between Asian and Western Thought. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415133753.
- ^ Reddy, Vinodh (28 October 2015). "Governors-General of India (1772–1857)". EduGeneral. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ^ Information Management Group, IIT Roorkee. "Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Index". www.iitr.ac.in.
- ^ Day B., Richard & Gaido Daniel (2009). Witnesses to Permanent Revolution: The Documentary Record. London: LEIDEN • BOSTON. p. 406. ISBN 978 90 04 167704.