Nitrostarch: Difference between revisions
Appearance
Content deleted Content added
made expansions |
Herravondure (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Chembox |
|||
'''Nitrostarch''' is a secondary [[explosive]]<ref name="Turkington2009">{{cite book|author=Robert Turkington|title=Chemicals Used for Illegal Purposes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pwMQM3PuyoC&pg=PA295|date=26 October 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-18780-7|pages=295–}}</ref> similar to [[nitrocellulose]] made by the [[nitration]] of [[starch]] by a mixture of [[sulfuric acid]] and [[nitric acid]]. |
|||
| Name = Nitrostarch |
|||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|||
| CASNo_Ref = |
|||
| CASNo = |
|||
| UNII_Ref = |
|||
| UNII = |
|||
| PubChem = |
|||
| SMILES = |
|||
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = |
|||
| ChemSpiderID = |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|||
| Formula = |C=6|H=6|N=4|O=13 |
|||
| MolarMass = |
|||
| Appearance = Light yellow powder |
|||
| Density = |
|||
| MeltingPtC = |
|||
| MeltingPt_notes = |
|||
| BoilingPt = |
|||
| Solubility = Insoluble |
|||
| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[ethanol]], [[diethyl ether]], [[acetone]], [[chloroform]], [[ethyl acetate]] |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section3 = |
|||
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
|||
| Thermochemistry_ref = |
|||
| HeatCapacity = |
|||
| Entropy = |
|||
| DeltaHform = |
|||
| DeltaGfree = |
|||
| DeltaHcombust = |
|||
| DeltaHfus = |
|||
| DeltaHvap = |
|||
| DeltaHsublim = |
|||
| HHV = 10797.65 J/g |
|||
| LHV = 9279.69 J/g |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section5 = {{Chembox Explosive |
|||
| ShockSens = |
|||
| FrictionSens = |
|||
| DetonationV = |
|||
| REFactor = |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section6 = {{Chembox Related |
|||
| OtherCompounds =[[Starch]]</br>[[Nitrocellulose]] |
|||
}} |
|||
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|||
| Hazards_ref = |
|||
| GHS_ref = |
|||
| GHSPictograms = |
|||
| GHSSignalWord = |
|||
| HPhrases = |
|||
| PPhrases = |
|||
| OHS_ref = |
|||
| MainHazards = |
|||
| IngestionHazard = |
|||
| InhalationHazard = |
|||
| EyeHazard = |
|||
| SkinHazard = |
|||
| NFPA-H = |
|||
| NFPA-F = |
|||
| NFPA-I = |
|||
| NFPA-S = |
|||
| NFPA_ref = |
|||
| FlashPt = |
|||
| FlashPtC = |
|||
| FlashPt_notes = |
|||
| FlashPt_ref = |
|||
| AutoignitionPt = |
|||
| AutoignitionPtC = |
|||
| AutoignitionPt_ref= |
|||
| AutoignitionPt_notes= |
|||
| ExploLimits = |
|||
| TLV = |
|||
| TLV-TWA = |
|||
| TLV-STEL = |
|||
| TLV-C = |
|||
| LD50 = |
|||
| LDLo = |
|||
| LC50 = |
|||
| LCLo = |
|||
| PEL = |
|||
| REL = |
|||
| IDLH = |
|||
| NIOSH_id = |
|||
| NIOSH_ref = |
|||
| ExternalSDS = |
|||
}} |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Nitrostarch''' is a secondary [[explosive]]<ref name="Turkington2009">{{cite book|author=Robert Turkington|title=Chemicals Used for Illegal Purposes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pwMQM3PuyoC&pg=PA295|date=26 October 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-18780-7|pages=295–}}</ref> similar to [[nitrocellulose]] made by the [[nitration]] of [[starch]]. Much like starch, it is made up of two components, nitrated amylose and nitrated amylopectin. Nitrated amylopectin generally has a greater solubility than amylose; however, it is less stable than nitrated amylose. The solubility of nitrostarch depends heavily on the nitrogen content<ref>{{Citation|last=Liu|first=Jiping|title=Nitrostarch|date=2019|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-6647-5_11|work=Nitrate Esters Chemistry and Technology|pages=581–598|place=Singapore|publisher=Springer Singapore|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-981-13-6647-5_11|isbn=978-981-13-6645-1|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> |
|||
==History== |
==History== |
||
Nitrostarch was discovered and invented by [[French people|French]] [[chemist]] and [[pharmacist]] [[Henri Braconnot]]. <ref name="Pichtel2016">{{cite book|author=John Pichtel|title=Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response, Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GD2LDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT207|date=15 September 2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-4987-3901-6|pages=207–}}</ref> |
Nitrostarch was discovered and invented by [[French people|French]] [[chemist]] and [[pharmacist]] [[Henri Braconnot]]. <ref name="Pichtel2016">{{cite book|author=John Pichtel|title=Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response, Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GD2LDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT207|date=15 September 2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-4987-3901-6|pages=207–}}</ref> |
Revision as of 04:56, 25 February 2022
Identifiers | |
---|---|
Properties | |
C6H6N4O13 | |
Molar mass | 342.129 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Light yellow powder |
Insoluble | |
Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate |
Thermochemistry | |
10797.65 J/g | |
9279.69 J/g | |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
|
Starch Nitrocellulose |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Nitrostarch is a secondary explosive[1] similar to nitrocellulose made by the nitration of starch. Much like starch, it is made up of two components, nitrated amylose and nitrated amylopectin. Nitrated amylopectin generally has a greater solubility than amylose; however, it is less stable than nitrated amylose. The solubility of nitrostarch depends heavily on the nitrogen content[2]
History
Nitrostarch was discovered and invented by French chemist and pharmacist Henri Braconnot. [3]
In World War I, it was used as a filler in hand grenades. [4]
References
- ^ Robert Turkington (26 October 2009). Chemicals Used for Illegal Purposes. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 295–. ISBN 978-0-470-18780-7.
- ^ Liu, Jiping (2019), "Nitrostarch", Nitrate Esters Chemistry and Technology, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 581–598, doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6647-5_11, ISBN 978-981-13-6645-1, retrieved 2022-02-25
- ^ John Pichtel (15 September 2016). Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis. pp. 207–. ISBN 978-1-4987-3901-6.
- ^ Zakaria Abdel-rahman Shalash (1955). Studies on nitration of starch stabilization and explosive prop...