Georgia Governorate

Georgian Governorate, 1823

The Georgian Governorate (Russian: Грузинская губерния; Georgian: საქართველოს გუბერნია) was one of the guberniyas of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Tiflis (Tbilisi). It was divided into uyezds of Gori, Dusheti (Its center was Tbilisi), Lori, Signakhi and Telavi.

The Georgia governorate was established in 1801 following the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. In 1840 it was expanded to form the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, incorporating the territory of the Imeretia Oblast (Its center was Kutaisi and was constituted from uzeyds of Kutaisi, Vakha, Rakvta (Raczyn during Russian rule), Sachkhere, Cheri and Bagdati) and Armenian Oblast (Its center was Erivan).

History

The province of Georgia was created as a result of the abolition of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti on September 12 , 1801 [1] on the basis of the Manifesto of Alexander I [K1] .

On April 11, 1801 , the Government Senate decided to take the following measures to maintain peace in the region:

To leave all Russian military units that were on the territory of Georgia at that time; Russian rule was established in the country and the province was divided into 7 provinces, the governors of which were appointed civil governors, who would combine civil and military affairs. In 1812 its borders were increased under the Treaty of Bucharest .

The abolition of the Georgian province was approved by order of Nicholas I [2] on April 10, 1840 , and entered into force on January 1, 1841 . Georgia -Imereti Province was established on the basis of the Province of Georgia, Imereti District and the District of Armenia .

Administrative Divisons

The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti included Dvaleti , Khevi , Mtiuleti , Pshav - Khevsureti , Tusheti , Shida Kartli , Trialeti , Armenian , Kakheti (excluding the Mtkvari-Alazani confluence and the Char-Belakan region), as well as the former kings of Kazakhstan , Borchalo , Shamash Mouravi ruled.

The province of Georgia was formed in the mentioned region, which was divided into 5 regions immediately after its establishment:

Gori Mazra Lori Mazra Dusheti Mazra Telavi Mazra Sighnaghi Mazra As of 1838, there were 4 distances (Kazakh, Shamshadil, Borchalo and Bombori-Shuragheli distances) and 3 sections (Tusheti, Pshavi and Khevsureti) parallel to 5 regions .

The leadership of the province was defined as follows:

Commander-in-Chief and Ruler ( Russian: Главнокомандующий и Правитель ). Carl Knorring was appointed First Commander-in-Chief . The Supreme Government of Georgia ( Russian: Верховное Грузинское Правительство ) - was founded on May 8 in Tbilisi. The previous day, the Tbilisi Commandant, accompanied by a police chief and a military detachment, blew a trumpet to inform the population that the grand opening of the Supreme Government of Georgia was planned for the next day at 8 am.

On May 8, the day started with gunfire from 7 a.m. By half past nine a festive service had begun in the town churches. Kovalensky, accompanied by the Georgian nobility, met with the Commander-in-Chief of Georgia, Knorring, and announced his readiness to begin the procession. Ioane Orbeliani, a first-degree official, delivered a solemn speech at the very beginning. At the end there was a procession to Zion. During the procession, Ioane Orbeliani and Andronikashvili accompanied the solemnly placed "Imperial Order for the Establishment of the Province" and the manifesto. Arriving in Zion, they placed the two documents on the tables in the pulpit and began their church service. The service was performed by Metropolitan Arsen of Tbilisi .

After the service, the participating nobility and the clergy gathered at the house of the Commander-in-Chief of Georgia to celebrate the event. The day passed in a solemn showcase. The sound of cannon fire was heard, and the city was fully lit.

The executive expedition was tasked with setting up police divisions in all five mazars, led by Russian captain-ispravniks, assisted by two Georgian nobles. It was these groups that were tasked with performing the executive functions in Mazrae. Mazri police stations were subject to specially appointed commanders in the cities of Mazra, who were also Russian officers and assisted by police chiefs (deputies) in the form of Georgian nobility. A police chancellery or city police division was created especially for them.

In addition, various state structures were set up in the provinces to maintain order in the province.

Knorring introduced a set of rules in the province that included rules for relationships between members of the community. These rules, along with the police charter, were presented to the emperor on July 12, 1802.

In 1802, the Supreme Government of Georgia received its final form and began to function. On June 19, 1803, the Government of the Russian Empire decided to appoint a prosecutor to oversee the activities of the Supreme Government of Georgia.