Dagestan Oblast: Difference between revisions
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From 1917 the power of the tsarist government ceased, control of the region from St. Petersburg was lost. In the same year the region joined the Highlanders of the Caucasus . For some time, the Bolsheviks, led by Jalal-edin Korkmasov, managed to establish themselves here. However, in 1918, with the support of first the British and then the Ottoman troops, power was taken over by the government of the Mountain Republic. In 1919, the power of the Denikinites was established here. In 1920, the Bolsheviks regained power. In 1921 it was transformed into the [[Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]]. |
From 1917 the power of the tsarist government ceased, control of the region from St. Petersburg was lost. In the same year the region joined the Highlanders of the Caucasus . For some time, the Bolsheviks, led by Jalal-edin Korkmasov, managed to establish themselves here. However, in 1918, with the support of first the British and then the Ottoman troops, power was taken over by the government of the Mountain Republic. In 1919, the power of the Denikinites was established here. In 1920, the Bolsheviks regained power. In 1921 it was transformed into the [[Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]]. |
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==Geography== |
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It was located in the northeastern part of the Caucasus Isthmus, north of the Main Caucasus Range. The border of the Dagestan region with Terskaya was drawn along the rivers Sulak and Andean Koysu. The northern border of the region ran along the Sulak River and, before reaching the Sulak River's confluence with the Caspian Sea, turned north and rested on the southern edge of Agrakhan Bay, where the Terek River flows. The eastern border of the region formed the shores of the Caspian Sea from the Agrakhan Peninsula (Uch spit) to the mouth of the Samurai. In the south it had a border with Shemakha province. |
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In 1861, the Avar and Ando-Cesian communities located on the left bank of the Kois (Gumbet, Andi, Technutsal, Chamalal, Unkratl) were included in the Dagestan region. At the same time, the Avar Salatavia remained in the Terek region together with the Kumyk districts between the Terek and Sulak rivers. The southern part of the former Caspian region (Cuban district) was transferred to Shemakha (Baku) province. As a result, the Lezgin-speaking areas were divided between the two administrative units of the empire. Until 1899, the territory of the Dagestan region continued to expand. |
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==Population== |
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The population density was highest in 1868 - 18 people per square mile. The population tended to grow systematically for two reasons: natural increase and migration. From 1866 to 1901, the population of the Dagestan region increased by 30%, and urban residents - by 50%. Population growth was mainly due to natural increase. |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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Revision as of 10:55, 4 March 2022
Dagestan Oblast
Дагестанская область | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 Administrative map of the Dagestan Oblast | |
| Land | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Established | 1860 |
| Abolished | 1917 |
| Capital | Temir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 29,740 km2 (11,480 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 4,466 m (14,652 ft) |
| Population (1916) | |
| • Total | 713,342 |
| • Density | 24/km2 (62/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 9.81% |
| • Rural | 90.19% |
The Dagestan Oblast (Russian: Дагестанская область) was an oblast (region) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation. With its administrative center in Temir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk), the Dagestan Oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate, bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the west, the Elisabethpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east.[1][2][3]
History
After the end of the Caucasus War in 1859 and the defeat of the Imamate led by Shamil, protests against imperial rule continued from time to time. Forced relocations of Dagestanis from the mountains to the plains remain one of the main methods of the Russian Empire to ensure control over the disloyal population and its territories. On May 30, 1860, the Caucasus military lines were abolished and by order of Emperor Alexander II "On the Establishment of the Dagestan Region and Zakatala District" the Dagestan Region was formed, which included Nagorno-Dagestan and the northern part of the Caspian Territory (Derbent Military District, Derbent Region). Initially, the capital was Derbent, and in 1866 it was moved to Temir-Khan-Shura (modern Buynaksk )[4].
In 1870 the Mangyshlak uezed was attached to the Dagestan Oblast. In 1882 it was subordinated to the Transcaspian Oblast .
From 1917 the power of the tsarist government ceased, control of the region from St. Petersburg was lost. In the same year the region joined the Highlanders of the Caucasus . For some time, the Bolsheviks, led by Jalal-edin Korkmasov, managed to establish themselves here. However, in 1918, with the support of first the British and then the Ottoman troops, power was taken over by the government of the Mountain Republic. In 1919, the power of the Denikinites was established here. In 1920, the Bolsheviks regained power. In 1921 it was transformed into the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Geography
It was located in the northeastern part of the Caucasus Isthmus, north of the Main Caucasus Range. The border of the Dagestan region with Terskaya was drawn along the rivers Sulak and Andean Koysu. The northern border of the region ran along the Sulak River and, before reaching the Sulak River's confluence with the Caspian Sea, turned north and rested on the southern edge of Agrakhan Bay, where the Terek River flows. The eastern border of the region formed the shores of the Caspian Sea from the Agrakhan Peninsula (Uch spit) to the mouth of the Samurai. In the south it had a border with Shemakha province.
In 1861, the Avar and Ando-Cesian communities located on the left bank of the Kois (Gumbet, Andi, Technutsal, Chamalal, Unkratl) were included in the Dagestan region. At the same time, the Avar Salatavia remained in the Terek region together with the Kumyk districts between the Terek and Sulak rivers. The southern part of the former Caspian region (Cuban district) was transferred to Shemakha (Baku) province. As a result, the Lezgin-speaking areas were divided between the two administrative units of the empire. Until 1899, the territory of the Dagestan region continued to expand.
Population
The population density was highest in 1868 - 18 people per square mile. The population tended to grow systematically for two reasons: natural increase and migration. From 1866 to 1901, the population of the Dagestan region increased by 30%, and urban residents - by 50%. Population growth was mainly due to natural increase.
Demographics
As of 1897, 571,154 people populated the oblast. Caucasian Avars constituted the largest minority of the population at 27.8% (see chart below). Significant minorities consisted of Dargins and Lezgins.
Ethnic groups in 1897
| TOTAL | 571,154 | 100% |
|---|---|---|
| Caucasian Avars | 158,550 | 27,8% |
| Dargins | 121,375 | 21,2% |
| Laks | 76,381 | 13,4% |
Caucasian Calendar of 1917
The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 713,342 residents in the Dagestan Oblast, including 369,737 men and 343,605 women, 659,976 of whom were the permanent population, and 53,366 were temporary residents.[6]
| Okrug (district) | Russians | Other Europeans | Georgians | Armenians | North Caucasians | Other Asian Nationalities | Jews | TOTAL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orthodox | Sectarian | Christian | Shia Muslim | Sunni Muslim | |||||||
| Avar | 642 | 24 | 91 | 0 | 4 | 34,957 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 35,749 |
| 1.8% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 97.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 100.0% | |
| Andi | 278 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 4 | 57,555 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57,875 |
| 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 99.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| Gunib | 74 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 76,088 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76,175 |
| 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 99.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| Dargin | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85,108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85,131 |
| 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| Kazikumukh | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 51,212 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51,250 |
| 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 99.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| Kaitag-Tabasaran | 1,577 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 37 | 78,978 | 0 | 193 | 0 | 1,316 | 82,154 |
| 1.9% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 96.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 11.5% | |
| Kiura | 8,158 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2,607 | 86,175 | 0 | 9,132 | 1,061 | 10,080 | 117,218 |
| 7.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.2% | 73.5% | 0.0% | 7.8% | 0.9% | 8.6% | 16.4% | |
| Samur | 306 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 7 | 68,432 | 0 | 2,761 | 0 | 1 | 71,556 |
| 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 95.6% | 0.0% | 3.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | |
| Temir-Khan-Shura | 24,751 | 249 | 748 | 179 | 2,086 | 7,109 | 785 | 3,529 | 90,916 | 5,882 | 136,234 |
| 18.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.1% | 1.5% | 5.2% | 0.6% | 2.6% | 66.7% | 4.3% | 100.0% | |
| TOTAL | 35,846 | 277 | 987 | 179 | 4,752 | 545,614 | 785 | 15,615 | 91,977 | 17,310 | 713,342 |
| 5.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 76.5% | 0.1% | 2.2% | 12.9% | 2.4% | 100.0% | |
References
- ^ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 59, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "ДАГЕСТАНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия". bigenc.ru. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
- ^ "ДАГЕСТАНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ — информация на портале Энциклопедия Всемирная история". w.histrf.ru. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
- ^ Мишина, Наталья Васильевна; Ермошин, Виктор Васильевич (2021). "Административно-территориальное деление юга Дальнего Востока России на картах начала ХХ в." Материалы XVI Совещания географов Сибири и Дальнего Востока Сборник научных статей. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Тихоокеанский институт географии Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук. doi:10.35735/9785604701119_230.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
- ^ a b Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1917. pp. 353–356.
42°49′00″N 47°07′00″E / 42.8167°N 47.1167°E
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