Trilled affricate: Difference between revisions
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Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same [[place of articulation]]. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless [[bilabial trill|bilabially post-trilled]] dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written {{IPA|[tᵖ]}}) is reported from [[Pirahã language#The bilabially trilled affricate|Pirahã]] and from a few words in the [[Chapacuran languages]] [[Wariʼ language|Wariʼ]] and [[Oro Win language|Oro Win]]. This sound also appears as an [[allophone]] of the labialized [[voiceless alveolar stop]] {{IPA|/tʷ/}} of [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] and [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]], but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop {{IPA|[t͡p]}}. In the Chapacuran languages, {{IPA|[tʙ̥]}} is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[y]}}. |
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same [[place of articulation]]. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless [[bilabial trill|bilabially post-trilled]] dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written {{IPA|[tᵖ]}}) is reported from [[Pirahã language#The bilabially trilled affricate|Pirahã]] and from a few words in the [[Chapacuran languages]] [[Wariʼ language|Wariʼ]] and [[Oro Win language|Oro Win]]. This sound also appears as an [[allophone]] of the labialized [[voiceless alveolar stop]] {{IPA|/tʷ/}} of [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] and [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]], but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop {{IPA|[t͡p]}}. In the Chapacuran languages, {{IPA|[tʙ̥]}} is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[y]}}. |
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Hydaburg Haida {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} is cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref> |
Hydaburg Haida {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} is cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref>http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 09:33, 14 March 2022
Trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,[1] as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wariʼ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.
| Sound (voiceless) | IPA | Languages | Sound (voiced) | IPA | Languages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate | [pʙ̥] | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced trilled bilabial affricate | [bʙ] | Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u] |
| Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate | [tr̥] | Ngkoth | Voiced trilled alveolar affricate | [dr] | Nias, Fijian and Avava also have this sound after [n]. |
| Voiceless epiglottal affricate | [ʡʜ] | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced epiglottal affricate | [ʡʢ] | Hydaburg Haida. Cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[2] |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.[3] In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, [ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝], be simple stops, [ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ], or standard affricates, [ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ].
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, [t̪͡ʙ̥] (occasionally written [tᵖ]) is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. This sound also appears as an allophone of the labialized voiceless alveolar stop /tʷ/ of Abkhaz and Ubykh, but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop [t͡p]. In the Chapacuran languages, [tʙ̥] is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as [o] and [y].
Hydaburg Haida [ʡʢ] is cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].[4]
References
- ^ Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
- ^ "Bessell 1993" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. p. 131
- ^ http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf [bare URL PDF]
