List of political parties in the United Kingdom: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 18:39, 26 March 2022
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2021) |
This article is part of a series on |
Politics of the United Kingdom |
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The Electoral Commission's Register of Political Parties[1] lists the details of political parties registered to fight elections in the United Kingdom, including their registered name. Under current electoral law, including the Registration of Political Parties Act 1998, the Electoral Administration Act 2006, and the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, only registered party names can be used on ballot papers by those wishing to fight elections. Candidates who do not belong to a registered party can use "independent" or no label at all. As of 2 August 2019[update], the Electoral Commission showed the number of registered political parties in Great Britain and Northern Ireland as 408.[2]
Before the middle of the 19th century, politics in the United Kingdom was dominated by the Whigs and the Tories. These were not political parties in the modern sense but somewhat loose alliances of interests and individuals. The Whigs included many of the leading aristocratic dynasties committed to the Protestant succession, and later drew support from elements of the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants, while the Tories were associated with the landed gentry, the Church of England and the Church of Scotland.
By the mid 19th century, the Tories had evolved into the Conservative Party, and the Whigs had evolved into the Liberal Party. The concept of right and left came originally from France, where the supporters of a monarchy (constitutional or absolute) sat on the right wing of the National Assembly, and republicans on the left. In the late 19th century, the Liberal Party began to lean towards the left. Liberal Unionists split off from the Liberals over Irish Home Rule and moved closer to the Conservatives over time.
The Liberals and Conservatives dominated the political scene until the 1920s, when the Liberal Party declined in popularity and suffered a long stream of resignations. It was replaced as the main anti-Tory opposition party by the newly emerging Labour Party, which represented an alliance between the labour movement, organised trades unions and various socialist societies.
Since then, the Conservative and Labour parties have dominated British politics, and have alternated in government ever since. However, the UK is not quite a two-party system as other parties have significant support. The Liberal Democrats were the third largest party until the 2015 general election when they were overtaken by the Scottish National Party in terms of seats and UK political party membership, and by the UK Independence Party in terms of votes.
The UK's first-past-the-post electoral system leaves small parties disadvantaged on a UK-wide scale. It can, however, allow parties with concentrations of supporters in the constituent countries to flourish. In the 2015 election, there was widespread controversy[3][4][5] when the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and the Green Party of England and Wales received 4.9 million votes[6] (12.6% of the total vote for UKIP and 3.8% for the Greens) yet only gained one seat each in the House of Commons. After that election, UKIP, the Liberal Democrats, and the Green Party of England and Wales, together with its Scottish and Northern Ireland affiliated parties, the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru, delivered a petition signed by 477,000[7] people to Downing Street demanding electoral reform.
Since 1997, proportional representation-based voting systems have been adopted for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), the Northern Ireland Assembly, the London Assembly and (until Brexit in 2020) the UK's seats in the European Parliament. In these bodies, other parties have had success.
Traditionally political parties have been private organisations with no official recognition by the state. The Registration of Political Parties Act 1998 changed that by creating a register of parties.
Membership of political parties has been in decline in the UK since the 1950s, falling by over 65% from 1983 (4% of the electorate) to 2005 (1.3%).[8]
House of Commons Parliamentary parties
Parties without representation in the House of Commons, but with representation in other UK legislatures
There are a number of political parties in the United Kingdom that do not have representation in the House of Commons, but have elected representatives in the Northern Ireland Assembly and Scottish Parliament These are:
Party | Gegründet | Political position | Ideology | Leader | House of Lords |
Holyrood | Stormont | Local government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulster Unionist Party | 1905 | Centre-right | British unionism Conservatism |
Doug Beattie | 2 / 824 [Note 13]
|
— | 10 / 90
|
74 / 19,698
| |
Scottish Greens | 1990 | Centre-left to left-wing |
Green politics Scottish independence Scottish republicanism Pro-Europeanism |
Patrick Harvie, Lorna Slater (job share) |
— | 7 / 129
|
— | 20 / 19,698 [9]
| |
Green Party Northern Ireland | 1983 | Centre-left | Green politics Nonsectarianism Pro-Europeanism |
Clare Bailey | — | — | 2 / 90
|
8 / 19,698 [10]
| |
Traditional Unionist Voice | 2007 | Right-wing | British unionism National conservatism Social conservatism Euroscepticism |
Jim Allister | — | — | 1 / 90
|
6 / 19,698
| |
People Before Profit | 2005 | Left-wing | Socialism Trotskyism Anti-capitalism Irish reunification |
Eamonn McCann[Note 14] | — | — | 1 / 90
|
4 / 19,698
|
Party descriptions
Party | Description | |
---|---|---|
Conservative and Unionist Party | A party loosely divided into three categories; the Thatcherites, who strongly support a free market with restrained government spending and tend to be Eurosceptic, the Cornerstone Group, who advocate for the preservation of established institutions and traditional principles, and the One Nation Conservatives. | |
Labour Party | A social democratic party with democratic socialist elements that has its roots in the trade union movement. The party has several internal factions, which include: Momentum, Open Labour, Progress, Blue Labour, and the Labour members on a split ticket with the Co-operative Party. | |
Scottish National Party | Scottish nationalist and social democratic party which supports Scottish independence and membership of the European Union or further devolution for Scotland. | |
Liberal Democrats | A liberal party; its main branches are the social liberals based around groups like the Social Liberal Forum, and the 'Orange Book' grouping, which supports classical liberalism. There is also a social democratic faction and influence within the party. Supports membership of the European Union. | |
Democratic Unionist Party | British Unionist and socially conservative, national conservative political party in Northern Ireland. | |
Sinn Féin | Irish republican party dedicated to the reunification of Ireland and the creation of a new republic based on democratic socialist values. | |
Plaid Cymru | Democratic socialist, social democratic, Welsh nationalist party in favour of Welsh independence or further devolution for Wales. | |
Social Democratic and Labour Party | Irish nationalist and social-democratic party supporting a United Ireland. | |
Ulster Unionist Party | A conservative and Unionist party in Northern Ireland. | |
Green Party of England and Wales | Green political party that favours environmentalism, progressivism and sustainability. | |
Scottish Greens | Green political party in favour of Scottish independence and Scottish republicanism. | |
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland | Liberal and nonsectarian political party in Northern Ireland. | |
Green Party Northern Ireland | Green political and nonsectarian party in Northern Ireland. | |
Traditional Unionist Voice | Strongly social and national conservative unionist party in Northern Ireland. | |
People Before Profit | A socialist and Trotskyist party that is active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. | |
Alba Party | A pro-Scottish independence and Scottish nationalist party founded in February 2021. |
Local government
Principal authorities
Civil parishes and community councils
No elected UK representation
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2018) |
This is a table of notable minor parties. Many parties are registered with the Electoral Commission but do not qualify for this list as they have not received significant independent coverage. Parties active across Ireland may have representation in the Republic of Ireland but not Northern Ireland.
Defunct parties
Historical parties
- All-for-Ireland Party (1910–1918)
- Anti Common Market and Free Trade Party (1967–1988)
- British Democratic Party (1979–1982)
- British Fascisti (1920s–1930s)
- British Movement (1968–1983)
- British National Party (1960–1967)
- British People's Party (1940s)
- British Socialist Party (1911–1920)
- British Ulster Dominion Party
- British Union of Fascists (1930s)
- Campaign for Social Democracy (1973–1974)
- Committee to Defeat Revisionism, for Communist Unity (1963–c.1972)
- Common Wealth Party (1942–1945)
- Communist Party of Great Britain (1920–1991)
- Communist Party of South Wales and the West of England
- Constitutional Movement (1979–1984)
- Crofters Party
- Fife Socialist League (1950s–1960s)
- Flag Group (1980s)
- Highland Land League (1909–1920s)
- Independent Labour Party (1893–1975)
- International Marxist Group (1968–1982)
[Organised the electoral coalition Socialist Unity] - Irish Independence Party
- Irish Parliamentary Party
- Irish Unionist Alliance
- Labour Party of Northern Ireland
- Labour Party of Scotland (1973)
- Liberal Unionist Party (1886–1912)
- National Democratic and Labour Party (1918–1923).
- National Democratic Party (1960s–1970s)
- National Independence Party (1970s)
- National Labour Party (1957–1960)
- National Liberal Party (1922–1923)
- National Liberal Party (1931–1968)
- National Party (1975–1977)
- National Party of Scotland (1928–1934)
- National Socialist Party (1916–1919)
- Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)
- New Party (1931) (1931–1932)
- Official National Front (1986–1989)
- Orkney and Shetland Movement
- Progressives (Scotland) (1920s–1970s)
- Revolutionary Communist Party (1944–1950)
- Revolutionary Socialist Party (1912–1941)
- Revolutionary Workers' Party (1962–1990s)
- Scottish Labour Party (1888–1893)
- Scottish Labour Party (1976–1981)
- Scottish Militant Labour (1990s)
- Scottish Party (1932–1934)
- Scottish Prohibition Party (1901–1935)
- Scottish Socialist Alliance
- Scottish Socialist Federation
- Scottish Voice
- Scottish Workers' Representation Committee (1899–1909)
- Scottish Workers Republican Party
- Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1931–1951, 1965–1978)
- Social Democratic Federation (1884–1911)
- Socialist Labour Party (1903–1980)
- Ulster Liberal Party
- Ulster Labour Unionists
- Union Movement (1948–1973)
- Unionist Party (Scotland) (1912–1965)
- United Country Party (1970s)
- United Socialist Movement (1934–1965)
- Vectis National Party (1970s) [Isle of Wight regionalist party]
- Women's Party (1917–1919)
- Workers Party of Scotland
- Working People's Party of England (1968–1986)
See also
- Timeline of political parties in the United Kingdom
- List of political parties in the United Kingdom by representation
- List of political parties in the United Kingdom opposed to austerity
- Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
- List of political parties by country
- Politics of the United Kingdom
- Political party affiliation in the United Kingdom
- Elections in the United Kingdom
- List of political parties in Northern Ireland
- List of political parties in Scotland
- List of political parties in Wales
- List of political parties in the Isle of Man (a British Crown dependency)
- List of political parties in Gibraltar (a British overseas territory)
- List of political parties in British overseas territories and Crown dependencies
- Index of UK party meta attributes
Notes
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Including 26 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ The Speaker, Sir Lindsay Hoyle, is not included in this tally as the speaker stands in the election as "Speaker seeking re-election" and no longer has ties with their original party.
- ^ Including 16 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Including 7 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ Including 11 as Lab Co-op.
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Sinn Fein operate a policy of Abstentionism and do not take their Commons seats
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Including absent, suspended and temporarily disqualified members.
- ^ Party operates a policy of collective leadership, but Eamonn McCann is listed as the party's leader for the purposes of registration to the UK Electoral Commission.
- ^ 2 sit as Reform Derby and Reform UK
- ^ 1 member sits as a member of the Hinchley Wood Residents' Association and the Thames Ditton & Weston Green Residents' Association
- ^ Two town councillors are on Newquay Town Council, the other a Parish Councillor on the Isle of Sheppey / Swale
- ^ 2 sit as Reform Derby and Reform UK
- ^ 1 member sits as a member of the Nork Residents' Association and the Tattenham & Preston Residents' Association
- ^ 1 member sits as a member of the Nork Residents' Association and the Tattenham & Preston Residents' Association
- ^ 1 member sits as a member of the Hinchley Wood Residents' Association and the Thames Ditton & Weston Green Residents' Association
- ^ The SDP-Liberal Alliance at dissolution was jointly led by Steel as the leader of the Liberal Party and Robert Maclennan as the leader of the SDP.
- ^ The SDP-Liberal Alliance at dissolution was jointly led by David Steel as the leader of the Liberal Party and Maclennan as the leader of the SDP.
References
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- ^ "Whatever you think of Ukip or the Greens, our electoral system is robbing them". 14 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ "Green party leader condemns first-past-the-post voting system". 9 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ "General Election 2015: Sixty per cent of people want voting reform, says survey". 5 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ^ "Election 2015". Retrieved 25 May 2015.
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- ^ John Marshall: Membership of UK political parties; House of Commons, SN/SG/5125; 2009, page 6. http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snsg-05125.pdf Retrieved 5 January 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Open Council Data UK". Retrieved 10 November 2021.
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- ^ "Mansfield District Council - List of Councillors". Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- ^ Residents for Guildford and Villages Electoral Commission
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- ^ Lynch, Whitaker & Loomes 2012, p. 733 ; Tournier-Sol 2015, pp. 141–42 .
- ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "United Kingdom". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 9 March 2019.
- ^ Abedi & Lundberg 2009, p. 72 ; Jones 2011, p. 245 ; Dolezal 2012, p. 142 ; Liebert 2012, p. 123 ; Art 2011, p. 188 ; Driver 2011, p. 149 .
- ^ O'Reilly, Gerry (2019). Aligning Geopolitics, Humanitarian Action and Geography in Times of Conflict. Springer. p. 47.
- ^ "Key Points About a Snap Election in Britain". New York Times. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ Schindler, Jörg (16 May 2019). "We Want Fundamental Political Change". Spiegel. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ^ Vlastimil Havlík; Vít Hloušek; Petr Kaniok (2017). Europeanised Defiance – Czech Euroscepticism since 2004. Verlag Barbara Budrich. p. 108. ISBN 978-3-8474-1085-0.
- ^ Walker, Peter; Halliday, Josh (3 March 2019). "Revealed: Ukip membership surge shifts party to far right". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ Goodwin, Matthew (3 February 2019). "Angry Brexiteers are splitting into factions as Ukip is taken over by far-right extremists". The Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ "All 8 Current Councillors for UK Independence Party (UKIP)". 12 November 2021. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "List of Bolton Councillors". 14 February 2022. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ "Council's political make-up - Durham County Council". www.durham.gov.uk.
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- ^ a b c d e f "Election results by party, 6 May 2021". 6 May 2021.
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- ^ Only stands for election to the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
- ^ Keith Edkins (30 November 2009). "Local Council Political Compositions". Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
- ^ Nicholas Whyte (10 May 2005). "The 2005 Local Government Elections in Northern Ireland". Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
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- ^ a b "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections".
- ^ "nottinghampost".
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ "View registration - The Electoral Commission". search.electoralcommission.org.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ "Your Councillors". 30 September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ "Your Councillors". 30 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ^ "View registration - the Electoral Commission".
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections".
- ^ Booth, Martin (13 December 2021). "Longstanding Lib Dem Councillors' resignations throw party into turmoil". Bristol24-7. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ Cork, Tristan (13 December 2021). "Bristol has a new political party after two councillors quit theirs to start one up". Bristol Post. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ Ross, Alex (13 December 2021). "Two city councillors quit the Lib Dems to set up new party". Bristol World. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections".
- ^ "Open Council Data UK - compositions councillors parties wards elections".
- ^ "Election results by Wards, 2 May 2019". Basildon Borough Council. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ "Election results by party, 2 May 2019". www.eppingforestdc.gov.uk. 2 May 2019.
- ^ "Open Council Data UK". 28 April 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ "Your councillor · East Ayrshire Council".
- ^ "Launch of Militant Left – for workers' unity and a socialist future – Militant Left".
- ^ "Election results for Shadwell, 7 February 2019". 7 February 2019.
- ^ "List of candidates and their votes". Suffolk County Council. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
- ^ "Borough election result 2019".
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Zionism is a racist and antisemitic tool of imperialist policy in the middle east". The Communists. 24 November 2018.
- ^ "Why British workers need a Brexit". CPGB-ML. 1 April 2016.
- ^ "View registration - the Electoral Commission".
External links
- "List of all parties standing at the 2005 election". Archived from the original on 9 March 2006.
- "List of parties that stood candidates in the 2001 general elections". Archived from the original on 25 September 2006.
- Electoral Commission: Database of Registers, includes Register of Political Parties
- Links to UK political websites from the BBC
- NSD: European Election Database – UK descriptions of main parties