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{{Nihongo|'''Toshiko Taira'''|平良 敏子|Taira Toshiko|born February 14, 1921}} is an [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawan]] textile artist who creates {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Kijōka-bashōfu]]}}, a cloth made from the fiber of the
{{infobox person
{{infobox person
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| name = Toshiko Taira
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''[[Musa basjoo]]'', otherwise known as the Japanese fiber banana plant. {{lang|ja-Latn|Taira|italic=no}} became a designated [[Living National Treasure (Japan)|Living National Treasure]] of Japan in 2000. She [[Centenarian|turned 100]] on 14 February 2021.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/articles/-/707266|title=人間国宝・平良敏子さんが満100歳　今も現役で芭蕉布制作に携わる　朝のルーティンとは|publisher=Okinawa Times|accessdate=15 February 2021}} </ref>
{{Nihongo|'''Toshiko Taira'''|平良 敏子|Taira Toshiko|born February 14, 1921}} is an [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawan]] textile artist who creates {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Kijōka-bashōfu]]}}, a cloth made from the fiber of the ''[[Musa basjoo]]'', otherwise known as the Japanese fiber banana plant. {{lang|ja-Latn|Taira|italic=no}} became a designated [[Living National Treasure (Japan)|Living National Treasure]] of Japan in 2000. She [[Centenarian|turned 100]] on 14 February 2021.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.okinawatimes.co.jp/articles/-/707266|title=人間国宝・平良敏子さんが満100歳　今も現役で芭蕉布制作に携わる　朝のルーティンとは|publisher=Okinawa Times|accessdate=15 February 2021}} </ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==

Revision as of 12:07, 19 May 2022

Toshiko Taira
Born (1921-02-14) February 14, 1921 (age 103)
Ogimi, Okinawa, Japan
OccupationTextile artist

Toshiko Taira (平良 敏子, Taira Toshiko, born February 14, 1921) is an Okinawan textile artist who creates Kijōka-bashōfu, a cloth made from the fiber of the Musa basjoo, otherwise known as the Japanese fiber banana plant. Taira became a designated Living National Treasure of Japan in 2000. She turned 100 on 14 February 2021.[1]

Biography

Taira was born on February 14, 1921 in Kijoka, Ogimi, Okinawa. As a child, she learned to weave cotton and kijōka-bashōfu from her mother.[2][3] In 1944, Taira worked at a spinning mill in Kurashiki, Okayama.[4] At the encouragement of the mill's owner, Soichiro Ohara, she began to study under Kichinosuke Tonomura, the head of a folk art museum.[5] During this time she was heavily influenced by the mingei movement.[6] When she returned to Okinawa in 1946 she found that many of the banana trees had been cut down or died,[4] and was determined to revitalize both the trees and the art of kijōka-bashōfu.[7]

After World War II, for kimono made from kijōka-bashōfu fell; Taira began to make table runners and cushions from coarse bashōfu plant fibers, but was criticized for bringing down the quality associated with kijōka-bashōfu.[8] Following this, Taira began to work more frequently with finer bashōfu fibers.[8] During this period, Taira also held some exhibitions of her work. Taira opened a bashōfu textile studio in 1963 and hired some local weavers in order to centralize and increase her production.[2][8]

Kijōka-bashōfu was designated as an Important Intangible Cultural Property in 1974. The Kijoka Basho-fu Industrial Cooperative Association was established in 1984, and in 1986, the Ogimi Village Bashofu Hall opened and began offering training.[6] In 2000, Taira was recognized as a Living National Treasure.[9] In 1992 and 2002 she was awarded an Order of the Precious Crown.[2]

Several museums hold her works in their collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art[9] and the British Museum.[10]

References

  1. ^ "人間国宝・平良敏子さんが満100歳　今も現役で芭蕉布制作に携わる　朝のルーティンとは". Okinawa Times. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Toshiko Taira". GALLERY JAPAN. Retrieved 2019-11-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ McCarty, Cara; McQuaid, Matilda; N.Y.), Museum of Modern Art (New York (1998). Structure and Surface: Contemporary Japanese Textiles. The Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 9780870700767.
  4. ^ a b "Presenting the Power of Okinawa "Power of Textiles"". VISIT OKINAWA JAPAN. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  5. ^ 日本人名大辞典+Plus, デジタル版. "平良敏子(たいら としこ)とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  6. ^ a b "Basho-fu - Kyoto Women's University, Lifestyle Design Laboratory". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  7. ^ "芭蕉布の里（en） | 大宜味村". www.vill.ogimi.okinawa.jp. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  8. ^ a b c Hendrickx, Katrien (2007). The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan. Leuven University Press. ISBN 9789461660497.
  9. ^ a b "Small Birds of the Ocean (Ai-kōzaa umi tōiguwaa) Kimono". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 2019-11-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "textile". British Museum. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
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