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Coordinates: 22°06′N 113°31′E / 22.100°N 113.517°E / 22.100; 113.517
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|official_name =
|official_name =
|native_name ={{lang|zh-hant|灣仔、小橫琴島和大橫琴島}}<br/>''Wānzăi、Xiăohéngqín Dǎo Hé Dàhéngqín Dǎo''<br/><small>Lapa, Dom João e Montanha</small>
|native_name ={{lang|zh-hant|灣仔、小橫琴島和大橫琴島}}<br/>''Wānzăi、Xiăohéngqín Dǎo Hé Dàhéngqín Dǎo''<br/><small>Lapa, Dom João e Montanha</small>
|postal_code = 519031
|postal_code = 519030, 519031, 519032<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldpostalcode.com/china/guangdong/zhuhai-city|title=China Postal Codes - World Postal Code worldpostalcode.com}}</ref>
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|settlement_type =
|settlement_type =
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|mapsize =
|mapsize =
|subdivision_type =
|subdivision_type =
|subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China|China]] / [[Macau]]
|subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China|China]]
|subdivision_type1 = City
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = [[Zhuhai]] {{clarify|text=(leased lands)|date=October 2021}}
|subdivision_name1 = [[Zhuhai]] / [[Macau]] {{clarify|text=(leased lands)|date=October 2021}}
|area_code =
|area_code =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_total_km2 =
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|utc_offset = +8
|utc_offset = +8
|website =
|website =
|coordinates= {{coord|22|06|N|113|31|E|display=title|region:MO_type:isle_source:GNS-enwiki}}
|coordinates= {{coord|22|06|N|113|31|E|display=title|region:CN_type:isle_source:GNS-enwiki}}
}}
}}
[[File:Macau-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Current map of the [[Macau Special Administrative Region]]. To the west are the island of ''[[Hengqin]]'' and the peninsula of ''Wanzai''.]]
[[File:Macau-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Current map of the [[Macau Special Administrative Region]]. To the west are the island of ''[[Hengqin]]'' and the peninsula of ''Wanzai''.]]
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Two of them have since been combined via [[land reclamation]] to form the current [[Hengqin]] island.
Two of them have since been combined via [[land reclamation]] to form the current [[Hengqin]] island.


The water channels between Small Hengqin, Great Hengqin, Taipa, and Coloane used to be known as [[Shizimen Channel]] in Chinese, due to the plus-sign-shaped arrangement of water channels between the four islands. A number of maritime battle occurred over the area in the past, but the water channel now disappeared due to land reclamation connecting Small Hengqin with Great Hengqin and connecting Taipa with Coloane. However the name "Shizimen" is still retained as a district name on the merged Hengqin island.
The water channels between Small Hengqin, Great Hengqin, Taipa, and Coloane used to known as [[Shizimen Channel]] in Chinese, due to the plus-sign-shaped arrangement of water channels between the four islands. A number of maritime battle occurred over the area in the past, but the water channel now disappeared due to land reclamation connecting Small Hengqin with Great Hengqin and connecting Taipa with Coloane. However the name "Shizimen" is still retained as a district name on the merged Hengqin island.


== History ==
== History ==
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== Former islands ==
== Former islands ==
=== Wanzai ===
=== Wanzai ===
'''Wanzai''' ({{zh|first=t,j|t=灣仔|s=湾仔|p=Wān Zǎi|j=waan1 zai2}}) was{{clarify|reason=Still separated from the rest of Hsiang-Shan Island by distributaries, including Qianshan Shuidao and Tanzhou Dachong on modern Chinese maps.}} an island in the Xiangzhou District of the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong, China. It is adjacent to the [[Macau Peninsula]] of [[Macau]]. The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] called the island '''Lapa'''.
'''Wanzai''' ({{zh|first=t|t=灣仔|s=湾仔|p=Wān Zǎi|j=waan1 zai2}}) was an island in the Xiangzhou District of the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong, China. It is adjacent to the [[Macau Peninsula]] of [[Macau]]. The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] called the island '''Lapa''' .


Wanzai area in the east side of Ilha de Lapa was under Portuguese control from 1849 to 1887. It was located across the "Inner Harbour" (Porto Interior; Qianshan Waterway) from Macau. In a 1700 map, the island has a defensive battery and manufacturing facility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macao in 1700's |url=http://www.history-map.com/picture/002/Macao-1700s-in.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122122407/http://www.history-map.com/picture/002/Macao-1700s-in.htm |archive-date=2010-01-22 |access-date=2011-04-15 |website=history-map.com}}</ref>
Wanzai area in the east side of Ilha de Lapa was under Portuguese control from 1849 to 1887. It was located across the "Inner Harbor" (Qianshan Waterway) from Macau. In a 1700 map, the island has a defensive battery and manufacturing facility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macao in 1700's |url=http://www.history-map.com/picture/002/Macao-1700s-in.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122122407/http://www.history-map.com/picture/002/Macao-1700s-in.htm |archive-date=2010-01-22 |access-date=2011-04-15 |website=history-map.com}}</ref>


=== Small Hengqin ===
=== Small Hengqin ===
'''Small Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t,j|t=小橫琴島|s=小横琴岛|p=Xiǎo Héngqín Dǎo|j=siu2 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Taipa]] of [[Macau]] that has since and has become the northern part of [[Hengqin]] in [[Zhuhai]], [[Guangdong]]. After land reclamation, only a swampy creek called "Central Creek ([[:zh-cn:%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%B2%9F|中心溝; 中心沟]])" separates Small Hengqin from Great Hengqin.
'''Small Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t|t=小橫琴島|s=小横琴岛|p=Xiǎo Héngqín Dǎo|j=siu2 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Taipa]] of [[Macau]] that has since and has become the northern part of [[Hengqin]] in [[Zhuhai]], [[Guangdong]]. After land reclamation, only a swampy creek called "Central Creek(中心溝)" separates Small Hengqin from Great Hengqin.


The Portuguese called it '''Dom João'''.
The Portuguese called it '''Dom João''' .


=== Great Hengqin ===
=== Great Hengqin ===
'''Great Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t,j|t=大橫琴島|s=大横琴岛|p=Dà Héngqín Dǎo|j=daai6 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Coloane]] of [[Macau]] that has since has become the southern part of the combined [[Hengqin]] island.
'''Great Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t|t=大橫琴島|s=大横琴岛|p=Dà Héngqín Dǎo|j=daai6 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Coloane]] of [[Macau]] that has since has become the southern part of the combined [[Hengqin]] island.


The Portuguese called it '''Montanha'''.
The Portuguese called it '''Montanha'''.

Revision as of 03:21, 28 May 2022

Wanzai, Small Hengqin and Great Hengqin islands
灣仔、小橫琴島和大橫琴島
Wānzăi、Xiăohéngqín Dǎo Hé Dàhéngqín Dǎo
Lapa, Dom João e Montanha
Coordinates: 22°06′N 113°31′E / 22.100°N 113.517°E / 22.100; 113.517
RegionZhuhai / Macau (leased lands)[clarification needed]
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard / Macau Standard)
Postal code
519031
Current map of the Macau Special Administrative Region. To the west are the island of Hengqin and the peninsula of Wanzai.

Wanzai, Small Hengqin and Great Hengqin (Lapa, Dom João and Montanha) are three islands located to the west of the Macau Peninsula and the Macau islands of Taipa and Coloane that were under Portuguese influence. They were inhabited by a very small Chinese population in its early history.

Two of them have since been combined via land reclamation to form the current Hengqin island.

The water channels between Small Hengqin, Great Hengqin, Taipa, and Coloane used to known as Shizimen Channel in Chinese, due to the plus-sign-shaped arrangement of water channels between the four islands. A number of maritime battle occurred over the area in the past, but the water channel now disappeared due to land reclamation connecting Small Hengqin with Great Hengqin and connecting Taipa with Coloane. However the name "Shizimen" is still retained as a district name on the merged Hengqin island.

History

In some historical registers,[which?] the Portuguese presence on the islands dates back to the end of the 17th century when a group of missionaries established themselves on this island.[which?]

According to historical records, the Portuguese presence on the island of Lapa dates back to 1645, when a mandarin from Canton (Guangzhou) authorised the burial of the Jesuit priest João Rodrigues in recognition of his service. Augustinian and Dominican missionaries also settled on this island, which appears in some ancient maps under the name of Patera Island, whose etymology is "Island of the priests" (D. João was called "Macarira", as seen in the 1912 map above). The exact date of abandonment of these facilities is not clear, but they were mentioned in a letter addressed to the government of Goa, dated 1764.[1][2]

During the 19th century, Portuguese missionaries also began to populate and evangelise the other two islands. The Macau government also began to collect taxes from the populations of these three islands in exchange for protection as these islands were not protected by Chinese soldiers. The Portuguese built a leper colony on the island of Dom João and some schools to educate the few Chinese residents on the islands.

Followed by the Japanese invasion of China in 1938, the Portuguese officially occupied these three islands, with an excuse to better protect Portuguese missionaries residing there. In 1941, the Japanese Army threatened the Portuguese troops to force abandonment of these sparsely populated islands. Consequently, these islands were occupied by Japan. At the end of World War II, China was able to reoccupy the three islands.

Today, they are an incorporation of the Special Economic Zone of Zhuhai in Guangdong. The islands of Dom João and Montanha are now connected by an embankment that joins the two islands. This island was given the Chinese name, Hengqin. The Lotus Bridge makes the connection between Hengqin of Guangdong province and Cotai of Macau Special Administrative Region. The island of Lapa, established from land reclamation became a peninsula connected to the "mainland".

There are proposals to develop sparsely populated Hengqin into a tourist area with many hotels and luxury resorts. Hengqin has recently begun to experience major development with new residential areas.

Macau, due to lack of land, expressed their desire to annex the island of Hengqin to the Chinese Central Government, which was subsequently denied by Beijing. However, on September 1, 2005, the Central Government allowed entrepreneurs from Macau and Hong Kong to be exempt from the payment of some taxes and fees. The CPG also allowed greater flexibility in controlling migration to the island to promote investment.[3]

Former islands

Wanzai

Wanzai (traditional Chinese: 灣仔; simplified Chinese: 湾仔; pinyin: Wān Zǎi; Jyutping: waan1 zai2) was an island in the Xiangzhou District of the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong, China. It is adjacent to the Macau Peninsula of Macau. The Portuguese called the island Lapa .

Wanzai area in the east side of Ilha de Lapa was under Portuguese control from 1849 to 1887. It was located across the "Inner Harbor" (Qianshan Waterway) from Macau. In a 1700 map, the island has a defensive battery and manufacturing facility.[4]

Small Hengqin

Small Hengqin (小橫琴島; 小横琴岛; Xiǎo Héngqín Dǎo; siu2 waang4 kam4 dou2) was a Chinese island adjacent to Taipa of Macau that has since and has become the northern part of Hengqin in Zhuhai, Guangdong. After land reclamation, only a swampy creek called "Central Creek(中心溝)" separates Small Hengqin from Great Hengqin.

The Portuguese called it Dom João .

Great Hengqin

Great Hengqin (大橫琴島; 大横琴岛; Dà Héngqín Dǎo; daai6 waang4 kam4 dou2) was a Chinese island adjacent to Coloane of Macau that has since has become the southern part of the combined Hengqin island.

The Portuguese called it Montanha.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ljungstedt, Anders (1836). An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China; and of the Roman Catholic Church and Mission in China. Boston: James Munroe & Co. pp. 135–144 – via Biblioteca Nacional Digital.
  2. ^ Lee, Richard (2020-11-24). "The Legendary Interpreter". Macao Magazine. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
  3. ^ "China Builds New Global Tourist Magnet on Hengqin Island". Daily Sabah. Reuters. 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
  4. ^ "Macao in 1700's". history-map.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-22. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
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