Dock landing ship: Difference between revisions
→In service: Corrected active number of Whidbey Island and Ivan Gren classes |
→Decommissioned: Added decommissioned Whidbey Island-class ships, added fates |
||
Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
! Country |
! Country |
||
! Class |
! Class |
||
! |
! Out of service |
||
! Commissioned |
! Commissioned |
||
! Length |
! Length |
||
Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
|style="text-align:left"|{{ARG}} || [[Ashland-class dock landing ship|''Cándido de Lasala '']] || 1 || 1970–1981 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Gunston Hall'' (LSD-5) sold to Argentina in 1970 and renamed ARA ''Cándido de Lasala'' (Q-43), scrapped after 1981. || [[File:ARACandidodeLasalaQ43.jpg|150px]] |
|style="text-align:left"|{{ARG}} || [[Ashland-class dock landing ship|''Cándido de Lasala '']] || 1 || 1970–1981 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Gunston Hall'' (LSD-5) sold to Argentina in 1970 and renamed ARA ''Cándido de Lasala'' (Q-43), scrapped after 1981. || [[File:ARACandidodeLasalaQ43.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|style="text-align:left"|{{BRA}} || [[Thomaston-class dock landing ship|''Rio de Janeiro'']] || |
|style="text-align:left"|{{BRA}} || [[Thomaston-class dock landing ship| ''Ceará'' (G-30), ''Rio de Janeiro'' (G-31)]] || 2 || 1990–2012 || {{convert|160|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|26.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|5.94|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 11,989 ||Ex-USS ''Hermitage'' (LSD-34) loaned in 1989 and later sold to Brazilian Navy, renamed ''Ceará'' (G-30) (Sunk as target 2021); ex-USS ''Alamo'' (LSD-33) loaned to Brazilian Navy in 1990, renamed ''Rio de Janeiro'' (G-31), (Scrapped 2015 Turkey). || [[File:NDD Rio de Janeiro (G-31).jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|style="text-align:left" rowspan="2"|{{TWN}} || [[Ashland-class dock landing ship|''Chung Cheng'']] || 1 || 1977–1985 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''White Marsh'' (LSD-8) loaned to the ROC Navy in 1960 and renamed ROCS ''Chung Cheng'' (LSD-191), scrapped 1985. || |
|style="text-align:left" rowspan="2"|{{TWN}} || [[Ashland-class dock landing ship|''Chung Cheng'']] || 1 || 1977–1985 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''White Marsh'' (LSD-8) loaned to the ROC Navy in 1960 and renamed ROCS ''Chung Cheng'' (LSD-191), scrapped 1985. || |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Casa Grande-class dock landing ship|''Chung Cheng'']] || 1 || 1984–2012 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Comstock'' (LSD-19) sold for scrapping |
| [[Casa Grande-class dock landing ship|''Chung Cheng'']] || 1 || 1984–2012 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Comstock'' (LSD-19) sold for scrapping 1984, salvaged by ROC Navy and commissioned as ROCS ''Chung Cheng'' (LSD-191), sunk as artificial reef June 2015. || [[File:USS Comstock (LSD-19) underway off Korea 1951.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|style="text-align:left"| {{URS}} || {{sclass|Ivan Rogov|landing ship|5}} || 3 || 1978–2002 || {{convert|157|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|23.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|6.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 14,060 || ''Ivan Rogov'' and ''Aleksandr Nikolayev'' are now being preserved; ''Mitrofan Moskalenko'' was being auctioned off for scrapping in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/landing-ship-be-scrapped-11-09|title=Barentsobserver|website=Barentsobserver.com|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref> || [[File:DoD-Ivan Rogov-DN-SN-85-07169 50pct.jpg|150px]] |
|style="text-align:left"| {{URS}} || {{sclass|Ivan Rogov|landing ship|5}} || 3 || 1978–2002 || {{convert|157|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|23.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|6.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 14,060 || ''Ivan Rogov'' and ''Aleksandr Nikolayev'' are now being preserved; ''Mitrofan Moskalenko'' was being auctioned off for scrapping in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/landing-ship-be-scrapped-11-09|title=Barentsobserver|website=Barentsobserver.com|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref> || [[File:DoD-Ivan Rogov-DN-SN-85-07169 50pct.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|style="text-align:left" rowspan=" |
|style="text-align:left" rowspan="5"| {{USA}} || {{sclass|Ashland|dock landing ship|5}} || 8 || 1943–1969 ||{{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Gunston Hall'' (LSD-5) sold to Argentina; Ex-USS ''White Marsh'' (LSD-8) sold to Taiwan; rest scrapped from 1968 to 1970.|| [[File:USS Lindenwald (LSD-6) underway in Hampton Roads 1965.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{sclass|Casa Grande|dock landing ship|5}} || 13 || 1944–1970 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Shadwell'' (LSD-15) |
| {{sclass|Casa Grande|dock landing ship|5}} || 13 || 1944–1970 || {{convert|139.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|22.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|4.83|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 7,930 || Ex-USS ''Shadwell'' (LSD-15) was scrapped in 2017. || [[File:USS Comstock (LSD-19) underway off Korea 1951.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{sclass|Thomaston|dock landing ship|5}} || 8 || 1954–1990 || {{convert|160|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|26.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|5.94|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 11,989 ||Ex-USS ''Alamo'' (LSD-33) loaned to Brazilian Navy |
| {{sclass|Thomaston|dock landing ship|5}} || 8 || 1954–1990 || {{convert|160|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|26.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|5.94|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 11,989 ||Ex-USS ''Alamo'' (LSD-33) loaned to Brazilian Navy; ex-USS ''Hermitage'' (LSD-34) loaned and later sold to Brazilian Navy; all other scrapped or sunk as target || [[File:USS Thomaston;10122801.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{sclass|Anchorage|dock landing ship|5}} || 5 || 1969–2003 || {{convert|169|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|26.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|6.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 14,225 || Ex-USS ''Pensacola'' (LSD-38) sold to Republic of China (Taiwan) Navy and only active ship with all others scrapped or sunk as target. || [[File:US Navy 030117-N-2069B-002 USS Anchorage (LSD 36) departs San Diego Bay.jpg|150px]] |
| {{sclass|Anchorage|dock landing ship|5}} || 5 || 1969–2003 || {{convert|169|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|26.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|6.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 14,225 || Ex-USS ''Pensacola'' (LSD-38) sold to Republic of China (Taiwan) Navy and only active ship with all others scrapped or sunk as target. || [[File:US Navy 030117-N-2069B-002 USS Anchorage (LSD 36) departs San Diego Bay.jpg|150px]] |
||
|- |
|||
| {{sclass|Whidbey Island|dock landing ship|5}} || 2 || 1985–present || {{convert|186|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|26.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} || {{convert|6.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} || 16,100 || ''Whidbey Island'' and ''Fort McHenry'' in inactive reserve || |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
Revision as of 17:15, 6 August 2022
A dock landing ship (also called landing ship, dock or LSD) is an amphibious warfare ship with a well dock to transport and launch landing craft and amphibious vehicles.[1] Some ships with well decks, such as the Soviet Ivan Rogov class, also have bow doors to enable them to deliver vehicles directly onto a beach (like a tank landing ship). Modern dock landing ships also operate helicopters.
A ship with a well deck (docking well) can transfer cargo to landing craft in rougher seas far more easily than a ship which has to use cranes or a stern ramp.[2] The US Navy hull classification symbol for a ship with a well deck depends on its facilities for aircraft – a (modern) LSD has a helicopter deck, an LPD also has a hangar, and an LHD or LHA has a full-length flight deck.[2]
History
The LSD (US Navy hull classification for landing ship, dock) came as a result of a British requirement during the Second World War for a vessel that could carry large landing craft across the seas at speed.
The predecessor of all modern LSDs is Shinshū Maru of the Imperial Japanese Army, which could launch her infantry landing craft using an internal rail system and a stern ramp. She entered service in 1935 and saw combat in China and during the initial phase of Japanese offenses during 1942.
The first LSD of the Royal Navy came from a design by Sir Roland Baker who had designed the British Landing Craft, Tank. It was an answer to the problem of launching small craft rapidly. The "Landing Ship Stern Chute", which was a converted train ferry, was an early attempt. Thirteen Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) could be launched from these ships down the chute. The Landing Ship Gantry was a converted tanker with a crane to transfer its cargo of landing craft from deck to sea – 15 LCM in a little over half an hour.[3]
The design was developed and built in the US for the US Navy and the Royal Navy. The LSD could carry 36 LCM at 16 knots (30 km/h). It took one and a half hours for the dock to be flooded down and two and half to pump it out. When flooded they could also be used as docks for repairs to small craft. Smaller landing craft such as LCVPs, could be carried in the hold as could full-tracked and wheeled amphibious assault or support vehicles.
Vessels of the LSD hull classification
In the United States Navy, two related groups of vessels classified as LSDs are in service as of 2011, the Whidbey Island and Harpers Ferry classes, mainly used to carry hovercraft (LCACs), operate helicopters, and carry Marines.[4]
The British Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) operates three Bay-class landing ships based on the Dutch-Spanish Enforcer design in support of the Royal Navy's operations, while a fourth ship of the class – previously in RFA service – is now operated by the Royal Australian Navy.
Former US LSDs include the Ashland class, Casa Grande class, Thomaston class and Anchorage class.
LSD classes
In service
Land | Class | In service | Commissioned | Length | Beam | Draft | Displacement (mt) | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australien | Choules | 1 | 2011 | 176.6 m (579 ft) | 26.4 m (87 ft) | 5.8 m (19 ft) | 17,810 | Ex-RFA Largs Bay (L3006) sold to Royal Australian Navy in April 2011, renamed HMAS Choules (L-100). | |
Brasilien | Ceará | 1 | 1989 | 160 m (520 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 5.94 m (19.5 ft) | 11,989 | In reserve, ex-USS Hermitage (LSD-34) loaned to Brazilian Navy in 1989, renamed Ceará (G30), sold to Brazilian Navy in 2001. | |
Taiwan | Hsu Hai | 1 | 2000 | 169 m (554 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 6.1 m (20 ft) | 14,225 | Ex-USS Pensacola (LSD-38) sold to Republic of China (Taiwan) Navy in 2000, renamed ROCS Hsu Hai (LSD-193). | |
Russland | Ivan Gren | 2 | 2016 | 120 m (390 ft) | 16.0 m (52.5 ft) | 6,600 | A second one in trials, to be commissioned September 2020, two more building to an improved design | ||
Vereinigtes Königreich | Bay | 3 | 2007 | 176.6 m (579 ft) | 26.4 m (87 ft) | 5.8 m (19 ft) | 17,810 | ||
Vereinigte Staaten | Whidbey Island | 6 | 1985 | 186 m (610 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 5.94 m (19.5 ft) | 16,100 | ||
Harpers Ferry | 4 | 1995 | 185.80 m (609.6 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 5.94 m (19.5 ft) | 19,600 |
Decommissioned
Land | Class | Out of service | Commissioned | Length | Beam | Draft | Displacement (mt) | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentinien | Cándido de Lasala | 1 | 1970–1981 | 139.5 m (458 ft) | 22.0 m (72.2 ft) | 4.83 m (15.8 ft) | 7,930 | Ex-USS Gunston Hall (LSD-5) sold to Argentina in 1970 and renamed ARA Cándido de Lasala (Q-43), scrapped after 1981. | |
Brasilien | Ceará (G-30), Rio de Janeiro (G-31) | 2 | 1990–2012 | 160 m (520 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 5.94 m (19.5 ft) | 11,989 | Ex-USS Hermitage (LSD-34) loaned in 1989 and later sold to Brazilian Navy, renamed Ceará (G-30) (Sunk as target 2021); ex-USS Alamo (LSD-33) loaned to Brazilian Navy in 1990, renamed Rio de Janeiro (G-31), (Scrapped 2015 Turkey). | |
Taiwan | Chung Cheng | 1 | 1977–1985 | 139.5 m (458 ft) | 22.0 m (72.2 ft) | 4.83 m (15.8 ft) | 7,930 | Ex-USS White Marsh (LSD-8) loaned to the ROC Navy in 1960 and renamed ROCS Chung Cheng (LSD-191), scrapped 1985. | |
Chung Cheng | 1 | 1984–2012 | 139.5 m (458 ft) | 22.0 m (72.2 ft) | 4.83 m (15.8 ft) | 7,930 | Ex-USS Comstock (LSD-19) sold for scrapping 1984, salvaged by ROC Navy and commissioned as ROCS Chung Cheng (LSD-191), sunk as artificial reef June 2015. | ||
Soviet Union | Ivan Rogov | 3 | 1978–2002 | 157 m (515 ft) | 23.8 m (78 ft) | 6.7 m (22 ft) | 14,060 | Ivan Rogov and Aleksandr Nikolayev are now being preserved; Mitrofan Moskalenko was being auctioned off for scrapping in 2012.[5] | |
Vereinigte Staaten | Ashland | 8 | 1943–1969 | 139.5 m (458 ft) | 22.0 m (72.2 ft) | 4.83 m (15.8 ft) | 7,930 | Ex-USS Gunston Hall (LSD-5) sold to Argentina; Ex-USS White Marsh (LSD-8) sold to Taiwan; rest scrapped from 1968 to 1970. | |
Casa Grande | 13 | 1944–1970 | 139.5 m (458 ft) | 22.0 m (72.2 ft) | 4.83 m (15.8 ft) | 7,930 | Ex-USS Shadwell (LSD-15) was scrapped in 2017. | ||
Thomaston | 8 | 1954–1990 | 160 m (520 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 5.94 m (19.5 ft) | 11,989 | Ex-USS Alamo (LSD-33) loaned to Brazilian Navy; ex-USS Hermitage (LSD-34) loaned and later sold to Brazilian Navy; all other scrapped or sunk as target | ||
Anchorage | 5 | 1969–2003 | 169 m (554 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 6.1 m (20 ft) | 14,225 | Ex-USS Pensacola (LSD-38) sold to Republic of China (Taiwan) Navy and only active ship with all others scrapped or sunk as target. | ||
Whidbey Island | 2 | 1985–present | 186 m (610 ft) | 26.0 m (85.3 ft) | 6.1 m (20 ft) | 16,100 | Whidbey Island and Fort McHenry in inactive reserve |
See also
References
- ^ "Mother of Minesweepers". Popular Mechanics: 97–104, see drawings pp. 98–99. February 1952.
- ^ a b "World Wide Landing Ship Dock/Landing Platform Dock". Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ Brown 2006, p. 145
- ^ Petty, Dan. "The US Navy -- Fact File: Dock Landing Ship - LSD". Navy.mil. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ "Barentsobserver". Barentsobserver.com. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
Bibliography
- Brown, D. K. (November 2006). Nelson to Vanguard. Annapolis, Maryland: US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-602-X.