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[[File:Sankt-Petěrburg 195.jpg|thumb|The statue of Dien from another angle]]
[[File:Sankt-Petěrburg 195.jpg|thumb|The statue of Dien from another angle]]


'''Raymonde Dien''' ({{Nee|'''Huberdeau'''}}; 13 May 13 1929)<ref>Claude Pennetier (<abbr>dir.</abbr>), <abbr>vol.</abbr> 4 : ''Cos à Dy'', Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, <abbr>coll.</abbr> « Le Maitron », 2008, 460 <abbr>p.</abbr> ({{ISBN|978-2-7082-3995-1}}), <abbr>p.</abbr> 331.</ref> was a French [[communist]] activist. She became known for being imprisoned during ten months in 1950 after a protest against the [[First Indochina War|Indochina war.]]
'''Raymonde Dien''' ({{Nee|'''Huberdeau'''}}; 13 May 1929)<ref>Claude Pennetier (<abbr>dir.</abbr>), <abbr>vol.</abbr> 4 : ''Cos à Dy'', Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, <abbr>coll.</abbr> « Le Maitron », 2008, 460 <abbr>p.</abbr> ({{ISBN|978-2-7082-3995-1}}), <abbr>p.</abbr> 331.</ref> was a French [[communist]] activist. She became known for being imprisoned during ten months in 1950 after a protest against the [[First Indochina War|Indochina war.]]


== Life ==
== Life ==
On February 23, 1950, Raymonde Dien, a shorthand typist, participated in an improvised demonstration, alongside several hundred other members and supporters of the [[French Communist Party|PCF]], the French Communist Party. They demonstrated at the train station of [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]], in order to slow down a military train transporting armoured vehicles destined for [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]].<ref name="a">Alain Ruscio, "Il y a 60 ans, Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin", ''L'Humanité'', 11 March 2010 https://www.humanite.fr/node/434397 [accessed 4 May 2019]</ref> The crowd occupied the train tracks, and some participants laid down on them. Once the demonstration was over, the military personnel in charge of the convoy signalled a woman wearing trousers to the police forces. She was arrested by the police.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bodin|first=Michel|date=2000|title=L'ENGAGEMENT DES FEMMES DURANT LA GUERRE D'INDOCHINE 1945–1954|journal=Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains|issue=198|pages=137–149|issn=0984-2292|jstor=25732682}}</ref> They matched her to the description and had witnesses recognize her. They accused her of having laid down on the tracks.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=L'affaire Henri Martin et la lutte contre la guerre d'Indochine|last=Ruscio|first=Alain|publisher=Éd. Le Temps des Cerises|year=2005|isbn=978-2841095001|location=Paris|pages=171–179}}</ref>
On 23 February 1950, Raymonde Dien, a shorthand typist, participated in an improvised demonstration, alongside several hundred other members and supporters of the [[French Communist Party|PCF]], the French Communist Party. They demonstrated at the train station of [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]], in order to slow down a military train transporting armoured vehicles destined for [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]].<ref name="a">Alain Ruscio, "Il y a 60 ans, Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin", ''L'Humanité'', 11 March 2010 https://www.humanite.fr/node/434397 [accessed 4 May 2019]</ref> The crowd occupied the train tracks, and some participants laid down on them. Once the demonstration was over, the military personnel in charge of the convoy signalled a woman wearing trousers to the police forces. She was arrested by the police.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bodin|first=Michel|date=2000|title=L'ENGAGEMENT DES FEMMES DURANT LA GUERRE D'INDOCHINE 1945–1954|journal=Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains|issue=198|pages=137–149|issn=0984-2292|jstor=25732682}}</ref> They matched her to the description and had witnesses recognize her. They accused her of having laid down on the tracks.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=L'affaire Henri Martin et la lutte contre la guerre d'Indochine|last=Ruscio|first=Alain|publisher=Éd. Le Temps des Cerises|year=2005|isbn=978-2841095001|location=Paris|pages=171–179}}</ref>


She was imprisoned in [[Tours]]. She was the only demonstrator to be prosecuted; the secretary of the railroaders' section of the [[General Confederation of Labour (France)|CGT]], a French trade union associated with the Communist party, also imprisoned, was freed after three weeks. She was prosecuted for "participation in an act of deterioration of equipment susceptible to be used for national Defense."<ref name="b">{{cite web|url=http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article3780|title=il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d'Indochine|last=[[Alain Ruscio]]|date=3 March 2010|publisher=section de [[Toulon]] de la [[Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen|Ligue des droits de l'homme]]|access-date=6 February 2013}}</ref> She was transferred to the [[Château du Hâ|Fort of Hâ]] in [[Bordeaux]], where she was incarcerated with two ex-secretaries of the [[Gestapo]].<ref name="a" />
She was imprisoned in [[Tours]]. She was the only demonstrator to be prosecuted; the secretary of the railroaders' section of the [[General Confederation of Labour (France)|CGT]], a French trade union associated with the Communist party, also imprisoned, was freed after three weeks. She was prosecuted for "participation in an act of deterioration of equipment susceptible to be used for national Defense."<ref name="b">{{cite web|url=http://www.ldh-toulon.net/spip.php?article3780|title=il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d'Indochine|last=[[Alain Ruscio]]|date=3 March 2010|publisher=section de [[Toulon]] de la [[Ligue française pour la défense des droits de l'homme et du citoyen|Ligue des droits de l'homme]]|access-date=6 February 2013}}</ref> She was transferred to the [[Château du Hâ|Fort of Hâ]] in [[Bordeaux]], where she was incarcerated with two ex-secretaries of the [[Gestapo]].<ref name="a" />


The lawyer [[Marie-Louise Jacquier-Cachin]] defended her,<ref name="a" /><ref>"Raymonde Dien se souvient". Association d'amitié franco-vietnamienne. Retrieved 6 February 2013. http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130206192020/http://www.aafv.org/Raymonde-Dien-se-souvient</ref> but a military court condemned her after a two-day trial, on June 1, 1950, to a year in prison<ref name="a" /> and fifteen years of deprivation of civic rights.
The lawyer [[Marie-Louise Jacquier-Cachin]] defended her,<ref name="a" /><ref>"Raymonde Dien se souvient". Association d'amitié franco-vietnamienne. Retrieved 6 February 2013. http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130206192020/http://www.aafv.org/Raymonde-Dien-se-souvient</ref> but a military court condemned her after a two-day trial, on 1 June 1950, to a year in prison<ref name="a" /> and fifteen years of deprivation of civic rights.


Her trial was clearly political.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Coddacioni|first=Vanessa|date=2017|title=Le procès politique comme coproduction entre l'État et ses opposants : l'exemple des affaires communistes (1947–1962)|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-de-la-justice-2017-1-page-163.htm|journal=Histoire de la Justice|volume=1|issue=27|pages=163–175|via=Cairn}}</ref> Alongside [[Henri Martin (French politician)|Henri Martin]],<ref name="a" /> she became a symbol of the opposition to the Indochina war. A campaign to support her was organized in France and in Communist countries. [[Maurice Thorez]], general secretary of the Communist party, declared his support to both Henri Martin and her,<ref name="b"/> and they also became part of an activist song: "Henri Martin, Raymonde Dien / Don't want us to kill the Vietnamese / They love peace so much / That they are suspect to the judges."<ref name="a" />
Her trial was clearly political.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Coddacioni|first=Vanessa|date=2017|title=Le procès politique comme coproduction entre l'État et ses opposants : l'exemple des affaires communistes (1947–1962)|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-histoire-de-la-justice-2017-1-page-163.htm|journal=Histoire de la Justice|volume=1|issue=27|pages=163–175|via=Cairn}}</ref> Alongside [[Henri Martin (French politician)|Henri Martin]],<ref name="a" /> she became a symbol of the opposition to the Indochina war. A campaign to support her was organized in France and in Communist countries. [[Maurice Thorez]], general secretary of the Communist party, declared his support to both Henri Martin and her,<ref name="b"/> and they also became part of an activist song: "Henri Martin, Raymonde Dien / Don't want us to kill the Vietnamese / They love peace so much / That they are suspect to the judges."<ref name="a" />
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** In 1953, {{Interlanguage link|Valerian Kirhoglani|ru}} created a statue of Dien, which is erected in the [[Moskovsky Victory Park]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. The statue represents Dien lying down on train tracks. There is a copy of this statue in [[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg|Zelenogorsk]].
** In 1953, {{Interlanguage link|Valerian Kirhoglani|ru}} created a statue of Dien, which is erected in the [[Moskovsky Victory Park]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]. The statue represents Dien lying down on train tracks. There is a copy of this statue in [[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg|Zelenogorsk]].
** En 1950, a passage of [[Sergei Prokofiev|Serguei Prokofiev]] and [[Samuil Marshak|Samouil Marchak]]'s oratorio « {{lang|ru|На страже мира}} », pays her hommage.
** En 1950, a passage of [[Sergei Prokofiev|Serguei Prokofiev]] and [[Samuil Marshak|Samouil Marchak]]'s oratorio « {{lang|ru|На страже мира}} », pays her hommage.
* In [[France]] : A street in [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]] is named February 23, 1950 street.
* In [[France]] : A street in [[Saint-Pierre-des-Corps]] is named 23 February 1950 street.
* In [[Poland]]: [[Wisława Szymborska]] wrote a poem about Dien called ''Tarcza'' (ang. "Shield") which appeared in her debut book ''Dlatego żyjemy'' ("That's Why We Are All Alive").<ref>Wisława Szymborska, ''Dlatego żyjemy'', Warsaw 1954, p. 10.</ref>
* In [[Poland]]: [[Wisława Szymborska]] wrote a poem about Dien called ''Tarcza'' (ang. "Shield") which appeared in her debut book ''Dlatego żyjemy'' ("That's Why We Are All Alive").<ref>Wisława Szymborska, ''Dlatego żyjemy'', Warsaw 1954, p. 10.</ref>
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Revision as of 12:19, 20 August 2022

Statue of Dien in Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg
The statue of Dien from another angle

Raymonde Dien (née Huberdeau; 13 May 1929)[1] was a French communist activist. She became known for being imprisoned during ten months in 1950 after a protest against the Indochina war.

Leben

On 23 February 1950, Raymonde Dien, a shorthand typist, participated in an improvised demonstration, alongside several hundred other members and supporters of the PCF, the French Communist Party. They demonstrated at the train station of Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, in order to slow down a military train transporting armoured vehicles destined for Indochina.[2] The crowd occupied the train tracks, and some participants laid down on them. Once the demonstration was over, the military personnel in charge of the convoy signalled a woman wearing trousers to the police forces. She was arrested by the police.[3] They matched her to the description and had witnesses recognize her. They accused her of having laid down on the tracks.[2][4]

She was imprisoned in Tours. She was the only demonstrator to be prosecuted; the secretary of the railroaders' section of the CGT, a French trade union associated with the Communist party, also imprisoned, was freed after three weeks. She was prosecuted for "participation in an act of deterioration of equipment susceptible to be used for national Defense."[5] She was transferred to the Fort of Hâ in Bordeaux, where she was incarcerated with two ex-secretaries of the Gestapo.[2]

The lawyer Marie-Louise Jacquier-Cachin defended her,[2][6] but a military court condemned her after a two-day trial, on 1 June 1950, to a year in prison[2] and fifteen years of deprivation of civic rights.

Her trial was clearly political.[7] Alongside Henri Martin,[2] she became a symbol of the opposition to the Indochina war. A campaign to support her was organized in France and in Communist countries. Maurice Thorez, general secretary of the Communist party, declared his support to both Henri Martin and her,[5] and they also became part of an activist song: "Henri Martin, Raymonde Dien / Don't want us to kill the Vietnamese / They love peace so much / That they are suspect to the judges."[2]

Raymonde Dien was freed on Christmas in 1950.[5] Between 1953 and 1958, she was one of the leaders of the Union des jeunes filles de France (Union of young women of France), the women's branch of the PCF's youth organization.

Tributes

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References

  1. ^ Claude Pennetier (dir.), vol. 4 : Cos à Dy, Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, coll. « Le Maitron », 2008, 460 p. (ISBN 978-2-7082-3995-1), p. 331.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Alain Ruscio, "Il y a 60 ans, Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin", L'Humanité, 11 March 2010 https://www.humanite.fr/node/434397 [accessed 4 May 2019]
  3. ^ Bodin, Michel (2000). "L'ENGAGEMENT DES FEMMES DURANT LA GUERRE D'INDOCHINE 1945–1954". Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains (198): 137–149. ISSN 0984-2292. JSTOR 25732682.
  4. ^ Ruscio, Alain (2005). L'affaire Henri Martin et la lutte contre la guerre d'Indochine. Paris: Éd. Le Temps des Cerises. pp. 171–179. ISBN 978-2841095001.
  5. ^ a b c Alain Ruscio (3 March 2010). "il y a 60 ans : Raymonde Dien et Henri Martin contre la guerre d'Indochine". section de Toulon de la Ligue des droits de l'homme. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  6. ^ "Raymonde Dien se souvient". Association d'amitié franco-vietnamienne. Retrieved 6 February 2013. http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130206192020/http://www.aafv.org/Raymonde-Dien-se-souvient
  7. ^ Coddacioni, Vanessa (2017). "Le procès politique comme coproduction entre l'État et ses opposants : l'exemple des affaires communistes (1947–1962)". Histoire de la Justice. 1 (27): 163–175 – via Cairn.
  8. ^ Wisława Szymborska, Dlatego żyjemy, Warsaw 1954, p. 10.

See also

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