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| footer = Decrees on the conducting of the referendums in the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (left) and [[Lugansk People's Republic]] (right)
| footer = Decrees on the conducting of the referendums in the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] (left) and [[Lugansk People's Republic]] (right)
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[[File:Donetsk-elections.jpeg|thumb|left|Ballots for the referendum in the Donestk People's Republic]
The Russian-led militants of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] declared independence from Ukraine in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Shaun|last1=Walker|first2=Oksana|last2=Grytsenko|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/12/ukraine-crisis-donetsk-region-asks-join-russia|title=Donetsk region asks to join Russia|date=12 May 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224835/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/12/ukraine-crisis-donetsk-region-asks-join-russia|archive-date=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/12/luhanks-independence-ukraine_n_5310502.html|title=Separatists Declare Independence Of Luhansk Region|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031449/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/12/luhanks-independence-ukraine_n_5310502.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pro-Russian separatists held [[2014 Donbas status referendums|independence referendums]] in May 2014,<ref name="itartassapril7">{{cite news|url=http://tass.ru/en/world/726779|title=Regional legislators proclaim industrial center Donetsk People's Republic|date=7 April 2014|access-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213918/http://en.itar-tass.com/world/726779|archive-date=8 April 2014|agency=[[Information Telegraph Agency of Russia|ITAR-TASS]]}}</ref> although Russia did not annex them. Russia is planning to hold referendums in occupied parts of [[Russian occupation of Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]] and [[Russian occupation of Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]]. As of July 2022, Russia was preparing to hold these referendums in September.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia Moves to Annex Occupied Ukrainian Land by September |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-21/russia-moves-to-annex-occupied-ukrainian-land-by-september |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>
The Russian-led militants of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] declared independence from Ukraine in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Shaun|last1=Walker|first2=Oksana|last2=Grytsenko|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/12/ukraine-crisis-donetsk-region-asks-join-russia|title=Donetsk region asks to join Russia|date=12 May 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224835/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/12/ukraine-crisis-donetsk-region-asks-join-russia|archive-date=12 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/12/luhanks-independence-ukraine_n_5310502.html|title=Separatists Declare Independence Of Luhansk Region|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=22 September 2022|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031449/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/12/luhanks-independence-ukraine_n_5310502.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pro-Russian separatists held [[2014 Donbas status referendums|independence referendums]] in May 2014,<ref name="itartassapril7">{{cite news|url=http://tass.ru/en/world/726779|title=Regional legislators proclaim industrial center Donetsk People's Republic|date=7 April 2014|access-date=7 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213918/http://en.itar-tass.com/world/726779|archive-date=8 April 2014|agency=[[Information Telegraph Agency of Russia|ITAR-TASS]]}}</ref> although Russia did not annex them. Russia is planning to hold referendums in occupied parts of [[Russian occupation of Donetsk Oblast|Donetsk]] and [[Russian occupation of Luhansk Oblast|Luhansk]]. As of July 2022, Russia was preparing to hold these referendums in September.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia Moves to Annex Occupied Ukrainian Land by September |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-21/russia-moves-to-annex-occupied-ukrainian-land-by-september |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>


On 19 September, the public chambers of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics appealed to their heads of state with a request to "immediately" hold a referendum on joining Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-19 |title=Общественная палата ЛНР просит немедленно провести референдум о присоединении к России |url=https://life.ru/p/1524895 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Life.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=В ДНР и ЛНР предложили немедленно провести референдумы о присоединении к России |url=https://meduza.io/news/2022/09/19/v-lnr-predlozhili-nemedlenno-provesti-referendum-o-prisoedinenii-k-rossii |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Meduza |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=В ЛНР предложили провести референдум о присоединении к России немедленно |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/19/09/2022/632876649a794759f62261eb |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=РБК |language=ru}}</ref> Soon, the [[State Duma]] announced that a referendum on the accession of the LPR to Russia would be held in the autumn "in the near future."<ref>{{Cite web |title=В Госдуме сообщили, что референдум о присоединении ЛНР к России состоится осенью |url=https://tass.ru/politika/15800541 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=tass.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2022 |title=Депутат Госдумы Водолацкий: референдум о вхождении ЛНР в РФ пройдет осенью |work=[[Gazeta.ru]] |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2022/09/19/18602167.shtml |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>
On 19 September, the public chambers of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics appealed to their heads of state with a request to "immediately" hold a referendum on joining Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-19 |title=Общественная палата ЛНР просит немедленно провести референдум о присоединении к России |url=https://life.ru/p/1524895 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Life.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=В ДНР и ЛНР предложили немедленно провести референдумы о присоединении к России |url=https://meduza.io/news/2022/09/19/v-lnr-predlozhili-nemedlenno-provesti-referendum-o-prisoedinenii-k-rossii |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Meduza |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=В ЛНР предложили провести референдум о присоединении к России немедленно |url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/19/09/2022/632876649a794759f62261eb |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=РБК |language=ru}}</ref> Soon, the [[State Duma]] announced that a referendum on the accession of the LPR to Russia would be held in the autumn "in the near future."<ref>{{Cite web |title=В Госдуме сообщили, что референдум о присоединении ЛНР к России состоится осенью |url=https://tass.ru/politika/15800541 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=tass.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 2022 |title=Депутат Госдумы Водолацкий: референдум о вхождении ЛНР в РФ пройдет осенью |work=[[Gazeta.ru]] |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2022/09/19/18602167.shtml |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>


⚫
[[File:Donetsk-elections.jpeg|thumb|left|Ballots for the referendum in the Donestk People's Republic]]
On 20 September, the [[People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic|People's Council]] of the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] scheduled a referendum on the republic's entry into Russia as a [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] for 23-27 September.<ref>{{cite web |last=Новости |first=Р. И. А. |date=2022-09-20 |title=Референдум о вхождении ЛНР в состав России пройдет с 23 по 27 сентября |url=https://ria.ru/20220920/referendum-1818144207.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=РИА Новости |language=ru}}</ref> Soon after, the [[People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic|People's Council]] of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] announced that the referendum on the entry of the DPR into the Russian Federation would be held on the same date.<ref>{{Cite web |title=В ДНР заявили, что референдум о вхождении в состав России состоится с 23 по 27 сентября |url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/15808407 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=tass.ru}}</ref>
On 20 September, the [[People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic|People's Council]] of the [[Luhansk People's Republic]] scheduled a referendum on the republic's entry into Russia as a [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] for 23-27 September.<ref>{{cite web |last=Новости |first=Р. И. А. |date=2022-09-20 |title=Референдум о вхождении ЛНР в состав России пройдет с 23 по 27 сентября |url=https://ria.ru/20220920/referendum-1818144207.html |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=РИА Новости |language=ru}}</ref> Soon after, the [[People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic|People's Council]] of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]] announced that the referendum on the entry of the DPR into the Russian Federation would be held on the same date.<ref>{{Cite web |title=В ДНР заявили, что референдум о вхождении в состав России состоится с 23 по 27 сентября |url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/15808407 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=tass.ru}}</ref>


Revision as of 03:35, 23 September 2022

As Russian forces have occupied some territory of Ukraine after the 2022 Russian invasion, pro-Russian authorities have proposed referendums for annexation into Russia. The proposed dates given for these events have been fluid due to ongoing battles, the loss of territory Russia had previously gained, tenuous security, and evident lack of support by residents.

On 20 September, the authorities of the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, as well as the occupation administrations of Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast, announced referendums on joining Russia on 23-27 September.[1][2][3] In parallel, on 21 September, Vladimir Putin announced mobilization in Russia, which testified to the desire of the Russian leadership to further escalate the war with Ukraine.[4][5]

Background

Russian control of Ukraine as of September 2022

Under the conditions of the complete dominance of the Russian media, the residents of the DPR and LPR were promised the inclusion of the regions into Russia, by analogy with the Crimea. As the director of the Donetsk Institute for Social Research and Political Analysis suggested in 2014, it was decided to refuse accession referendums due to low support for joining Russia: only 35% supported it, while 65% saw themselves as part of Ukraine.[6]

In the context of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Russian officials talked about joining even before the introduction of troops: on 21 February, during a meeting of the Security Council of Russia, Sergey Naryshkin mixed up the topic of conversation and directly supported their entry into the Russian Federation[7]. The reservation gave rise to many rumors about the reality of this plan. Later, the heads of the DPR and LPR Denis Pushilin and Leonid Pasechnik announced plans to hold referendums, but with the reservation that voting would be held after the end of the war.[8][9]

In the Kherson Oblast, rumors about the creation of the "Kherson People's Republic" or annexation appeared immediately after the occupation. Kherson residents reacted to them with rallies under the slogan “Kherson is Ukraine”, which ended only after the dissatisfied were kidnapped. Local journalist Oleg Baturin, who fell into a similar captivity, spoke about the use of torture and humiliation against him.[10] The occupying authorities of the Kharkiv Oblast ruled out formal voting until the Russian occupation of the entire region. The Russian military-appointed authorities of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast in August signed a decree on preparations for the referendum. However, in fact, the decision to hold referendums was not within the competence of local authorities, but was made in the administration of the President of Russia.[11]

President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy emphasized that holding referendums in the occupied territories would close the possibilities for negotiations for Russia.[11] Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine Iryna Vereshchuk added that the participation of Ukrainian citizens in these elections will be regarded as collaborationism, which is punishable by imprisonment for up to 12 years with confiscation of property.[12]

According to Ukrainian intelligence, before the Ukrainian counteroffensive, Russia planned to hold a referendum in the Kharkiv Oblast in November, with a planned 75% vote in favor.[13][14]

Organization

The preparation of referendums and the formation of a new image of Russia after the annexation of Ukrainian territories were entrusted to the first deputy head of the presidential administration, Sergey Kiriyenko. Under his leadership, an image was formulated for an external audience - Russia as a "continent of freedom" for supporters of right-wing ideologies from all over the world.[15]

As Meduza reported, the organization of the referendums was handled by the Russian State Council’s Administration for Ensuring Affairs under the leadership of Alexander Kharichev, a close associate of Kiriyenko. The voting was directly supervised by Kharichev's deputy Boris Rappoport, who is considered a crisis manager and specializes in problematic election campaigns, and since 2014, together with Vladislav Surkov, he has been involved in the affairs of the DPR and LPR. The chief technologist and coordinator of the referendums was the vice-governor of Sevastopol, Sergei Tolmachev (Alexei Navalny called him the organizer of the attack by girls in latex underwear on the headquarters in Moscow after the release of the Anti-Corruption Foundation investigation into the connection between the oligarch Oleg Deripaska and the functionary of the Russian government Sergei Prikhodko)[16]

Rappoport also selected employees and political technologists with experience in working with the opposition for the role of "political instructors" in the occupation administrations. As Meduza's sources noted, despite salaries of up to 1-2 million rubles a month, few people were ready to go to the occupied territories.[16] and key positions in the governments of the DPR and LPR were appointed in preparation for the referenda by an official of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vitaliy Khotsenko, and a former vice-governor of the Kurgan Oblast, Vladislav Kuznetsov. According to the interlocutor of the publication, the Russian authorities planned to soon remove Denis Pushilin and Leonid Pasechnik and replace them with completely controlled functionaries.[17]

According to Meduza, the Russian authorities planned to hold referendums under the slogan “Together with Russia” (it appeared in the campaign in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast, and a forum of the same name was held in Kherson). The alternative slogan "New Russia", which implied a "new quality" and a stronger Russia, did not please Vladimir Putin and members of the Security Council[16]. The IMA-Consulting group, associated with the first deputy head of the presidential administration, Alexey Gromov, was responsible for the campaign preparations for the referendums.[18][19][20]

Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics

See also: Russian occupation of Donetsk Oblast and Russian occupation of Luhansk Oblast
Decrees on the conducting of the referendums in the Donetsk People's Republic (left) and Lugansk People's Republic (right)

The Russian-led militants of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic declared independence from Ukraine in 2014.[21][22] Pro-Russian separatists held independence referendums in May 2014,[23] although Russia did not annex them. Russia is planning to hold referendums in occupied parts of Donetsk and Luhansk. As of July 2022, Russia was preparing to hold these referendums in September.[24]

On 19 September, the public chambers of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics appealed to their heads of state with a request to "immediately" hold a referendum on joining Russia.[25][26][27] Soon, the State Duma announced that a referendum on the accession of the LPR to Russia would be held in the autumn "in the near future."[28][29]

Ballots for the referendum in the Donestk People's Republic

On 20 September, the People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic scheduled a referendum on the republic's entry into Russia as a federal subject for 23-27 September.[30] Soon after, the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic announced that the referendum on the entry of the DPR into the Russian Federation would be held on the same date.[31]

Kherson Oblast

See also: Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast

On 12 March, Ukrainian officials claimed that Russia was planning to stage a referendum in Kherson to establish the Kherson People's Republic, similar to the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic. Serhii Khlan, deputy leader of the Kherson Oblast Council, claimed that the Russian military had called all the members of the council and asked them to cooperate.[32] Lyudmyla Denisova, Ombudsman of Ukraine, stated that the referendum would be illegal because "under Ukrainian law any issues over territory can only be resolved by a nationwide referendum".[33] Later that day, the Kherson Oblast Council passed a resolution stating that the proposed referendum would be illegal.[34]

On 11 May 2022, Kirill Stremousov, a deputy head of the Kherson military–civilian administration, announced his readiness to send President Vladimir Putin with a request for Kherson Oblast to join the Russian Federation, noting that there would be no creation of the "Kherson People's Republic" or referendums regarding this matter.[35] Commenting on these statements, Putin's press secretary Dmitry Peskov said that this issue should be decided by the inhabitants of the region and that "these fateful decisions must have an absolutely clear legal background, legal justification, be absolutely legitimate, as was the case with Crimea".[36]

In June 2022, Stremousov, in a video message on the Telegram channel, said that the Kherson region began to prepare for a referendum on joining Russia.[37] The referendum was going to be prepared by the pro-Putin United Russia party, but members fled the region towards the end of July after Ukrainian forces shelled the Antonivka Road Bridge.[38] Authorities in the occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast region have not ruled out the possibility of a joint referendum.[39][40]

On 5 September, Stremousov announced that the referendum in Kherson Oblast had been postponed due to "security reasons." [41]

On 7 September, Andrey Turchak, secretary-general of the United Russia party, stated that it "would be right and symbolic" to hold the referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine on 4 November, Russia's Unity Day; Stremousov stated that preparations would be made for this date, "even if we are ready for this referendum to take place right now".[42]

On 20 September, Head of the Kherson Oblast Military–Civilian Administration, Volodymyr Saldo announced that the referendum on the entry of the Kherson Oblast into Russia will be held from 23-27 September[43]


Zaporizhzhia Oblast

See also: Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast

In July 2022, Yevgeny Balitsky, signed an order for the Central Election Commission of Zaporizhzhia to begin the investigating the possibility of a referendum for the region to join the Russian Federation. [44]

On 8 August 2022, the head of the military-civilian administration of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Yevhen Balytskyi, signed an order on the preparation of the organization of the referendum. This decision was unanimously supported by 1500 delegates of the forum of the movement “We are Together with Russia”, which was held on the same day in Melitopol.[45] This was endorsed by the military–civilian administration.[46] The date of the referendum on the entry of the Zaporizhzhia region into Russia will be determined "as soon as its security and freedom of expression are guaranteed," Vladimir Rogov, a member of the main council of the regional administration, told the media.[47]

On 11 August 2022, authorities in the occupied region expressed their desire to hold the referendum on 11 September 2022.[39][48]

On 26 August 2022, the Electoral Commission for the preparation of a referendum in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast began work.[49]

On 22 September, The Head of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast Military–Civilian Administration, Evgeny Balitsky, announced that the referendum on the entry of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast into Russia will be held from 23-27 September[43]

Other planned locations

Mykolaiv Oblast

See also: Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast

On 8 August 2022, Ekaterina Gubareva, deputy head of the Kherson Civilian-Military Administration announced the annexation of occupied territories of Mykolaiv Oblast. She also claimed that in some occupied towns, Russian mobile communications have begun to work. According to her, such a decision was made in order to provide the population with social payments in the "liberated" territories, as well as to establish mobile communications and television broadcasting.[50][51]

On 13 August 2022, the head of the military-civilian administration of the Mykolaiv Oblast, Yuriy Barbashov claimed that a referendum would take place in Snihurivka to join Russia. The referendum would be aligned as the one in Kherson Oblast. Moreover, Ekaterina Gubareva, deputy head of the military-civilian administration of Kherson, claimed that occupied parts of Mykolaiv Oblast, would be annexed into Kherson Oblast. It was said that the referendum would take place in September.[52][53]

Kharkiv Oblast

See also: Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast

On 8 July 2022, Vitaly Ganchev, the Russian-appointed head of the military-civilian administration of the Kharkiv Oblast, said that Kharkiv is an 'inalienable' part of Russian territory and intends for Kharkiv to be annexed by the Russian Federation.[54] Though on 11 August, Vitaly told the Russia-24 TV channel that the authorities of the territories of the Kharkiv Oblast controlled by Russian troops are not yet ready to discuss a referendum on joining Russia, because "only 20 percent and no more" of the region is under Russian control.[55] Subsequently, in early September, Russia abandoned the oblast except for a strip of land bordering occupied Luhansk Oblast ahead of a Ukrainian advance.

Opinion polls

There are no public independent statistics on attitudes towards referendums in the occupied territories. According to closed polls commissioned by the Russian authorities in July 2022, even under occupation, only 30% of those surveyed supported joining Russia.[16][19] Residents of the occupied territories, with whom Meduza journalists spoke, call the referendums a “boring meme” and are waiting for the liberation of the regions by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[56] But Meduza’s interlocutors in the Russian leadership saw no problem with low support and planned to get the required percentage of votes through administrative methods.[16]

Military analysts link the decision to hold referendums with the weakness of the Russian Federation on the battlefield.[57] The announcement of the referendums follows the rapid advance of the Ukrainian army in recent weeks, which has defeated Russian troops in the Kharkiv direction and is on the offensive in the east and south. Analysts estimate Russia has lost tens of thousands of troops, has announced a mobilization to recruit new soldiers, and is facing mounting backlash over its long-term invasion.[58]

Possible consequences

On September 22, Deputy Chairman of the Russian Security Council Dmitry Medvedev said that any weapons in Moscow's arsenal, including strategic nuclear weapon, could be used to protect territories annexed to Russia from Ukraine. He also said that referendums organized by Russia-installed and separatist authorities would take place in large swathes of Russian-occupied Ukrainian territory, and that there was "no turning back"[59] Medveded said that Donbas republics and other territories "will be accepted into Russia" and mobilization will also be used to protect the annexed territories.[59]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Russia moves to formally annex swathes of Ukraine". Reuters. 2022-09-20.
  2. ^ "Война в Украине: ЛНР и ДНР объявили о "референдумах" о присоединении к России 23-27 сентября - Новости на русском языке". BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  3. ^ "На оккупированных территориях Украины 23–27 сентября проведут «референдумы о присоединении к России». Главное Тем временем в России вводят понятие «мобилизация» в Уголовный кодекс". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  4. ^ "«Партия войны» победила Кремль решил «немедленно» аннексировать украинские территории — и уже всерьез планирует мобилизацию. «Медуза» выяснила, как принималось это решение". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  5. ^ "Путин объявил «частичную мобилизацию» в России Он сказал, что страна воюет с «коллективным Западом», и опять пригрозил применить ядерное оружие. Полная расшифровка и видео выступления". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  6. ^ "У Кремля були реальні результати «референдуму» в Донецьку, і вони йому не сподобалися? (рос.)". Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  7. ^ "Нарышкин оговорился и заявил, что поддерживает присоединение ДНР и ЛНР к России". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 2022-02-21. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  8. ^ "Источники «Медузы» утверждают: в середине мая в ЛНР и ДНР собираются провести референдум о присоединении к России А в Херсонской области — о создании ХНР". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  9. ^ "Признание сепаратистов. События в Донбассе и вокруг". Радио Озоди (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  10. ^ "«Понадобилось время привыкнуть к мысли, что город не выстоял» Кажется, в Херсоне хотят провести референдум о создании ХНР. Вот что сейчас происходит в оккупированном городе". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  11. ^ a b "На оккупированном юге Запорожья запланировали референдум о "воссоединении" с Россией. Будет, как в Крыму?". BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  12. ^ "В Херсонской области отложат т.н. референдум о присоединении к России". Эхо Кавказа (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-22.
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