Soviet Civil Administration: Difference between revisions
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The '''Soviet Civil Administration''' ('''SCA''') was the government of the northern half of [[Korea]] from 24 August 1945 to 9 September 1948 though governed concurrently after the setup of the [[Provisional People's Committee for North Korea]] in 1946. |
The '''Soviet Civil Administration''' ('''SCA''') was the government of the northern half of [[Korea]] from 24 August 1945 to 9 September 1948 though governed concurrently after the setup of the [[Provisional People's Committee for North Korea]] in 1946. Even though formally referred as «civilian» it was originally a military organization that included civilians of different professions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Андрей Ланьков: Северокорейские рабочие в СССР и России. Бесправные рабы или рабочая аристократия? |url=https://polit.ru/article/2021/05/10/lankovrabochie/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=polit.ru}}</ref> |
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It was the administrative structure that the [[Soviet Union]] used to govern what would become [[North Korea]] following the [[division of Korea]]. General [[Terentii Shtykov]] was the main proponent of setting up a centralized structure to coordinate Korean [[People's Committee (postwar Korea)| People's Committee]]s. The setup was officially recommended by General [[Ivan Chistyakov]] and headed by General Andrei Romanenko in 1945 and by General Nikolai Lebedev in 1946.<ref> |
It was the administrative structure that the [[Soviet Union]] used to govern what would become [[North Korea]] following the [[division of Korea]]. General [[Terentii Shtykov]] was the main proponent of setting up a centralized structure to coordinate Korean [[People's Committee (postwar Korea)| People's Committee]]s. The setup was officially recommended by General [[Ivan Chistyakov]] and headed by General Andrei Romanenko in 1945 and by General Nikolai Lebedev in 1946.<ref> |
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== Postwar period == |
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| ⚫ | During the Soviet occupation, Soviet soldiers committed rape against both [[Japanese people|Japanese]] and [[Koreans|Korean]] women alike.<ref name=Edele>{{Citation|last=Edele|first=Mark|title=Soviet liberations and occupations, 1939–1949|date=2015|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-second-world-war/soviet-liberations-and-occupations-19391949/348C49251BFAB830DAC03CF957F37291|work=The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 2: Politics and Ideology|volume=2|pages=487–508|editor-last=Maiolo|editor-first=Joseph|series=The Cambridge History of the Second World War|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03407-5|access-date=2021-05-09|editor2-last=Bosworth|editor2-first=Richard}}{{Quote box |
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{{Main article|World War II|Division of Korea}} |
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In the postwar period between 1946–1949 the [[Sakhalin]] administration (Soviet Union) in anticipation of [[Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands]] had allegedly established a relationship with SCA in order to secure cheap Korean workforce to be used on Sakhalin [[Fishery|fisherie]]<nowiki/>s that was about to evacuate from Islands along with Japanese civilians.<ref name=":0" /> By 1950 the Korean workforce grew up to 10 thousands people on Sakhalin island only.<ref name=":0" /> |
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| ⚫ | During the Soviet occupation, Soviet soldiers committed rape against both [[Japanese people|Japanese]] and [[Koreans|Korean]] women alike.<ref name="Edele">{{Citation|last=Edele|first=Mark|title=Soviet liberations and occupations, 1939–1949|date=2015|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-second-world-war/soviet-liberations-and-occupations-19391949/348C49251BFAB830DAC03CF957F37291|work=The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 2: Politics and Ideology|volume=2|pages=487–508|editor-last=Maiolo|editor-first=Joseph|series=The Cambridge History of the Second World War|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03407-5|access-date=2021-05-09|editor2-last=Bosworth|editor2-first=Richard}}{{Quote box |
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| quote = In Korea, Red Army men also ‘committed depredations against the Japanese and Koreans, including rape and looting, on what appears to have been a wide scale and which went quite beyond taking revenge against the enemy and its Korean allies’ |
| quote = In Korea, Red Army men also ‘committed depredations against the Japanese and Koreans, including rape and looting, on what appears to have been a wide scale and which went quite beyond taking revenge against the enemy and its Korean allies’ |
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}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cumings|first=Bruce|title=The North Wind: The Origins of the Korean War|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/sangok/NorthKorea/Cumings,_Bruce_-_The_North_Wind.pdf}}</ref> Soviet soldiers also looted the property of both Japanese and Koreans living in northern Korea.<ref name=Edele/>{{Quote box |
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cumings|first=Bruce|title=The North Wind: The Origins of the Korean War|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/sangok/NorthKorea/Cumings,_Bruce_-_The_North_Wind.pdf}}</ref> Soviet soldiers also looted the property of both Japanese and Koreans living in northern Korea.<ref name="Edele" />{{Quote box |
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| quote = Even in North Korea, ‘Japanese enterprises of military and heavy industry’ were considered ‘trophies of the Red Army, since all these enterprises to one degree or another worked for the Japanese army’. These factories ‘must be transferred to the Soviet Union as partial payment of reparations’, as a December 1945 document put it. |
| quote = Even in North Korea, ‘Japanese enterprises of military and heavy industry’ were considered ‘trophies of the Red Army, since all these enterprises to one degree or another worked for the Japanese army’. These factories ‘must be transferred to the Soviet Union as partial payment of reparations’, as a December 1945 document put it. |
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}} The Soviets |
}} The Soviets claimed Japanese enterprises in northern Korea and took valuable materials and industrial equipment.<ref name=Edele/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 10:52, 11 December 2022
Soviet Civil Administration in Korea | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945–1948 | |||||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||||
| Anthem: 소비에트 연방 찬가 "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (1946–1947) | |||||||||||
 Location of northern Korea | |||||||||||
| Status | Military occupation | ||||||||||
| Capital | Pyongyang | ||||||||||
| Official languages | Russian, Korean | ||||||||||
| Regierung | Marxist–Leninist Provisional government | ||||||||||
| General[1] | |||||||||||
• 1945–1947 | Andrei Alekseevich Romanenko[2] | ||||||||||
• 1947-1948 | Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev | ||||||||||
| Head of Civil Administration | |||||||||||
• 1945-1948 | Terentii Shtykov | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| 15 August 1945 | |||||||||||
• Soviet troops stationed in Pyongyang | 24 August 1945 | ||||||||||
• Provisional People's Committee of North Korea established | 8 February 1948 | ||||||||||
• Democratic People's Republic of Korea proclaimed | 9 September 1948 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Won of the Red Army Command | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | North Korea South Korea | ||||||||||
| Soviet Civil Administration | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 소비에트 민정청 |
|---|---|
| Hancha | 소비에트 民政廳 |
| Revised Romanization | Sobieteu Minjeongcheong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sobiet'ŭ Minjŏngch'ŏng |
The Soviet Civil Administration (SCA) was the government of the northern half of Korea from 24 August 1945 to 9 September 1948 though governed concurrently after the setup of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea in 1946. Even though formally referred as «civilian» it was originally a military organization that included civilians of different professions.[3]
It was the administrative structure that the Soviet Union used to govern what would become North Korea following the division of Korea. General Terentii Shtykov was the main proponent of setting up a centralized structure to coordinate Korean People's Committees. The setup was officially recommended by General Ivan Chistyakov and headed by General Andrei Romanenko in 1945 and by General Nikolai Lebedev in 1946.[4]
Postwar period
In the postwar period between 1946–1949 the Sakhalin administration (Soviet Union) in anticipation of Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands had allegedly established a relationship with SCA in order to secure cheap Korean workforce to be used on Sakhalin fisheries that was about to evacuate from Islands along with Japanese civilians.[3] By 1950 the Korean workforce grew up to 10 thousands people on Sakhalin island only.[3]
During the Soviet occupation, Soviet soldiers committed rape against both Japanese and Korean women alike.[5][6] Soviet soldiers also looted the property of both Japanese and Koreans living in northern Korea.[5]
Even in North Korea, ‘Japanese enterprises of military and heavy industry’ were considered ‘trophies of the Red Army, since all these enterprises to one degree or another worked for the Japanese army’. These factories ‘must be transferred to the Soviet Union as partial payment of reparations’, as a December 1945 document put it.
The Soviets claimed Japanese enterprises in northern Korea and took valuable materials and industrial equipment.[5]
See also
- Korea under Japanese rule
- History of North Korea
- People's Republic of Korea
- Provisional People's Committee for North Korea
- United States Army Military Government in Korea
References
- ^ North Korean History through the Lens of Soviet Power
- ^ Andrei Alekseevich Romanenko, Russian: Андрей Алексеевич Романенко
- ^ a b c "Андрей Ланьков: Северокорейские рабочие в СССР и России. Бесправные рабы или рабочая аристократия?". polit.ru. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ Armstrong, Charles K. (2013-04-15). The North Korean Revolution, 1945–1950 (Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University) (Kindle Location pp. 154–155, 1367). Cornell University Press. Kindle Edition.
- ^ a b c Edele, Mark (2015), Maiolo, Joseph; Bosworth, Richard (eds.), "Soviet liberations and occupations, 1939–1949", The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 2: Politics and Ideology, The Cambridge History of the Second World War, vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 487–508, ISBN 978-1-107-03407-5, retrieved 9 May 2021
In Korea, Red Army men also ‘committed depredations against the Japanese and Koreans, including rape and looting, on what appears to have been a wide scale and which went quite beyond taking revenge against the enemy and its Korean allies’
- ^ Cumings, Bruce. "The North Wind: The Origins of the Korean War" (PDF).
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