Jewish Association for the Protection of Girls and Women

Jewish Association for Protection of Girls and Women

Abbreviation	JAPGW
Predecessor	Jewish Ladies' Society for Preventive and Rescue Work
Formation	1885 (1885)
Founders	Constance Flower Claude Montefiore Arthur R. Moro Baroness Emma Louise Rothschild Rabbi Simeon Singer
Founded at	London, England
Dissolved	1947 (1947)
Purpose	Combat of human trafficking in Eastern European Jewish adult and adolescent women

The Jewish Association for Protection of Girls and Women (JAPGW), founded in 1885 as the Jewish Ladies' Society for Preventive and Rescue Work, was a British Jewish organization established by women for the purpose of combatting trafficking in Eastern European Jewish adult and adolescent women. As its activities progressed, men as well joined the association. The JAPGW led an international struggle against trafficking in women for their exploitation in prostitution, provided aid to the victims and saw to their vocational rehabilitation. The association ceased its activities in 1947, upon the end of World War II.

Historical background

The Jewish population of Eastern Europe increased rapidly during the 19th century. In 1800, some 1.25 million Jews lived in Russia, Poland, Romania and Galicia, and by 1900 that number grew to 6.2 million. This rapid growth led to significant demographic changes and to social instability. Economic opportunities lagged behind the needs of the growing population, and shortages caused a major wave of emigration. Between 1880–1914, 6.2 million Jews exited through international borders. They left Eastern and Central Europe for the United States with the objective of improving their lives. Many of them didn't reach their initially intended destination, stopping instead in countries in South America or Western Europe, due to the opportunities and expectations for success there. Other emigrants had their change of destination forced upon them by circumstances. To this category primarily belong Jewish women, among them adults and adolescents, some of them newly married, who were enticed by various means to engage in the sex trade that emerged alongside the migration.

The Jewish community in London before 1880 consisted mainly of Sephardic and Central European Jews of the upper socioeconomic classes. Following the large influx of immigration from Eastern Europe, the size and composition of the Jewish community in the UK changed. During the years 1880–1914, London's Jewish population grew from 40,000 to 200,000. The majority of the Jews who arrived in London from the Russian Empire concentrated in the East End. As Eastern Europeans, they were considerably different in appearance and customs from the veteran Jewish population of London. The neighborhood of the newcomers was marked by conditions of poverty, overcrowding, and poor sanitation. These conditions brought with them crime, among which was white slavery: a novel international phenomenon of men and women who engaged in organized sex commerce, including Jewish women. It is difficult to estimate the number of women who were traded in this manner, but it was an international activity whose presence was manifest and sowed fear among world Jewry: they suspected that the impoverished Eastern European emigrants associated with crime would identify with them and spark antisemitism.

Establishment of the Jewish Ladies Association for Preventive and Rescue Work

Constance Rothschild, Lady Battersea, a British countess by marriage, was involved in welfare and educational activities throughout the United Kingdom on behalf of immigrants in general, and Jewish immigrants in particular. On an 1885 visit to London, she was exposed to the problems of Jewish prostitution in that city. She learned that a number of shelters existed for at-risk women which were sponsored by the church, missions or other Christian women's organizations, but not a single Jewish shelter able to take in Jewish women who wanted to break free from prostitution and re-enter normative Jewish society. In those years, mainstream Anglo-Jewish society considered women who engaged in prostitution as degenerate and outcasts, and therefore the Jewish community was not interested in accepting those women back into it. The countess realized that there were Jewish women who needed such a shelter, and therefore came to the conclusion that it was necessary to establish such an organization for them.

Lady Battersea approached her cousin, Claude Montefiore, Arthur R. Moro, and Baroness Emma Louisa von Rothschild, as well as their friend Rabbi Simeon Singer. Together they founded The Jewish Ladies Association for Preventive and Rescue Work. Lady Battersea served as the Head Secretary and Lady Rothschild was appointed Chair, while the men served as an auxiliary council accompanying the association.

Further reading

• Gartner, Lloyd P. (January 1982). "Anglo-Jewry and the Jewish International Traffic In Prostitution". AJS Review. 7/8: 129–178.
• Ivry, Sarah (23 March 2006). "In the Life". Washington Jewish Week. 42 (12): N7.
• Knepper, Paul (2007). "British Jews and the Racialization of Crime in the Age of Empire". The British Journal of Criminology. 47 (1): 61-79.
• "Testimonial to Lord & Lady Rothschild from the Jewish Association for the Protection of Women and Girls". The Rothschild Archive Website.
• Tananbaum, Susan L (2014). Jewish Immigrants in London, 1880-1939. Routledge.