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{{Short description|Pacific tropical storm in 2003}}
{{Short description|Pacific tropical storm in 2003}}
{{Infobox Hurricane
{{Infobox tropical cyclone
| Name=Tropical Storm Carlos
| Name = Tropical Storm Carlos
| Type=Tropical storm
| Type = Tropical storm
| Year=2003
| Year = 2003
| Basin=EPac
| Basin = EPac
| Image location=Carlos 2003-06-26 1930Z.jpg
| Image location = Carlos 2003-06-26 1930Z.jpg
| Image name=Tropical Storm Carlos near peak intensity on June 26
| Image name = Tropical Storm Carlos near peak intensity on June 26
| Formed=June 26, 2003
| Formed = June 26, 2003
| Dissipated=June 27, 2003
| Dissipated = June 27, 2003
| 1-min winds=55
| 1-min winds = 55
| Pressure=996
| Pressure = 996
| Damages=8
| Damages = 8
| Inflated=1
<!-- | Inflated = 1 unknown parameter -->
| Fatalities=9 total, 2 missing
| Fatalities = 9 total, 2 missing
| Areas=Southwestern Mexico
| Areas = Southwestern Mexico
| Hurricane season=[[2003 Pacific hurricane season]]
| Hurricane season = [[2003 Pacific hurricane season]]
}}
}}
'''Tropical Storm Carlos''' was the first of five [[tropical cyclone]]s to make [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] during the [[2003 Pacific hurricane season]]. It formed on June 26 from a [[tropical wave]] to the south of Mexico. It quickly strengthened as it approached the coast, and early on June 27 Carlos moved ashore in [[Oaxaca]] with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h). The storm rapidly deteriorated to a [[remnant low]], which persisted until dissipating on June 29. Carlos brought heavy rainfall to portions of southern Mexico, peaking at 337 mm (13.3 in) in two locations in Guerrero. Throughout its path, the storm damaged about 30,000 houses, with a monetary damage total of 86.7 million pesos (2003 [[Mexican peso|MXN]], $8 million 2003 [[USD]]). At least nine people were killed throughout the country, seven due to mudslides and two from river flooding; there was also a report of two missing fishermen.
'''Tropical Storm Carlos''' was the first of five [[tropical cyclone]]s to make [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] during the [[2003 Pacific hurricane season]]. It formed on June&nbsp;26 from a [[tropical wave]] to the south of Mexico. It quickly strengthened as it approached the coast, and early on June&nbsp;27 Carlos moved ashore in [[Oaxaca]] with winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The storm rapidly deteriorated to a [[remnant low]], which persisted until dissipating on June&nbsp;29. Carlos brought heavy rainfall to portions of southern Mexico, peaking at {{convert|337|mm|in|abbr=on}} in two locations in Guerrero. Throughout its path, the storm damaged about 30,000&nbsp;houses, with a monetary damage total of 86.7&nbsp;million pesos (2003&nbsp;[[Mexican peso|MXN]], $8&nbsp;million 2003&nbsp;[[USD]]). At least nine people were killed throughout the country, seven due to mudslides and two from river flooding; there was also a report of two missing fishermen.


== Meteorological history ==
== Meteorological history ==
{{storm path|Carlos 2003 track.png}}
{{storm path|Carlos 2003 track.png}}
The origins of Carlos were from a [[tropical wave]] that exited the west coast of [[Africa]] on June&nbsp;14. The wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, with little evidence of its existence on satellite imagery. By June&nbsp;20 it crossed Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean, later spawning an area of [[convection (meteorology)|convection]], or thunderstorms, south of the [[Gulf of Tehuantepec]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=2003-08-04|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2015-05-22|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP032003_Carlos}}}}</ref> The [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) first mentioned the system in its tropical weather outlook on June&nbsp;24, by which time a [[low pressure area|low pressure center]] developed.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|date=2003-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-P/2003/Jun/2003062416.ABPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Mike Tichacek|date=2006-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Discussion|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Pac-Dis/2003/Jun/2003062416.AXPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> Gradually, the system continued to [[tropical cyclogenesis|develop]] due to light [[wind shear]], with [[tropical cyclone#Background|rainbands]] and convection located near the broad center.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-P/2003/Jun/2003062422.ABPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Erick Blake|date=2006-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Discussion|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Pac-Dis/2003/Jun/2003062503.AXPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> By early on June&nbsp;26, the disturbance had organized enough for the NHC to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Three-E, about 130&nbsp;miles (210&nbsp;km) south-southwest of [[Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca]].<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref>
The origins of Carlos were from a [[tropical wave]] that exited the west coast of [[Africa]] on June&nbsp;14. The wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, with little evidence of its existence on satellite imagery. By June&nbsp;20 it crossed Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean, later spawning an area of [[convection (meteorology)|convection]], or thunderstorms, south of the [[Gulf of Tehuantepec]].<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=Miles B. Lawrence|date=2003-08-04|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2015-05-22|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP032003_Carlos}}}}</ref> The [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) first mentioned the system in its tropical weather outlook on June&nbsp;24, by which time a [[low pressure area|low pressure center]] developed.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|date=2003-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-P/2003/Jun/2003062416.ABPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Mike Tichacek|date=2006-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Discussion|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Pac-Dis/2003/Jun/2003062416.AXPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> Gradually, the system continued to [[tropical cyclogenesis|develop]] due to light [[wind shear]], with [[tropical cyclone#Background|rainbands]] and convection located near the broad center.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-P/2003/Jun/2003062422.ABPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Erick Blake|date=2006-06-24|title=Tropical Weather Discussion|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Pac-Dis/2003/Jun/2003062503.AXPZ20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> By early on June&nbsp;26, the disturbance had organized enough for the NHC to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Three-E, about {{convert|130|mi|km}} south-southwest of [[Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca]].<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref>


Upon first being classified as a [[tropical cyclone]], the depression had a slightly elongated circulation. An [[anticyclone]] to its north was forecast to track westward, which would allow the depression to track west-northwestward and remain offshore; however, the NHC noted uncertainty in its motion.<ref name="disc1"/> The cloud pattern gradually organized, with warm water temperatures and lessening wind shear.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion Three|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.003.shtml?}}</ref> At 1200&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on June&nbsp;26, it is estimated the depression attained tropical storm status; upon doing so, the NHC named the storm Carlos.<ref name="tcr"/> As it reached tropical storm intensity, Carlos began an erratic northward track toward the Mexican coast, under the influence of a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Discussion Five|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.005.shtml?}}</ref> It quickly strengthened, developing a well-defined [[eye (cyclone)|eye feature]] in the center of the convection. Based on the eye, it is estimated Carlos made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] early on June&nbsp;27 with peak winds of 65&nbsp;mph (100&nbsp;km/h), about 60&nbsp;miles (95&nbsp;km) west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, or about 150&nbsp;miles (245&nbsp;km/h) east-southeast of [[Acapulco]], [[Guerrero]].<ref name="tcr"/>
Upon first being classified as a [[tropical cyclone]], the depression had a slightly elongated circulation. An [[anticyclone]] to its north was forecast to track westward, which would allow the depression to track west-northwestward and remain offshore; however, the NHC noted uncertainty in its motion.<ref name="disc1"/> The cloud pattern gradually organized, with warm water temperatures and lessening wind shear.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion Three|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.003.shtml?}}</ref> At 1200&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on June&nbsp;26, it is estimated the depression attained tropical storm status; upon doing so, the NHC named the storm Carlos.<ref name="tcr"/> As it reached tropical storm intensity, Carlos began an erratic northward track toward the Mexican coast, under the influence of a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Discussion Five|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.005.shtml?}}</ref> It quickly strengthened, developing a well-defined [[eye (cyclone)|eye feature]] in the center of the convection. Based on the eye, it is estimated Carlos made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] early on June&nbsp;27 with peak winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, about {{convert|60|mi|km}} west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, or about {{convert|150|mi|km}}/h) east-southeast of [[Acapulco]], [[Guerrero]].<ref name="tcr"/>


As Carlos moved inland, it turned to the northwest in response to the anticyclone over Mexico, and it quickly weakened to tropical depression status.<ref name="tcr"/> By 12&nbsp;hours after landfall, there was little evidence of a circulation on satellite imagery.<ref>{{cite web|author=Miles Lawrence|date=2003-06-27|title=Tropical Depression Carlos Discussion Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.007.shtml?}}</ref> Late on June&nbsp;27, Carlos degenerated into a non-convective remnant [[low pressure area]] near Acapulco. The circulation turned to the southwest and emerged into the Pacific Ocean; by 0000&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;29, the system dissipated completely.<ref name="tcr"/>
As Carlos moved inland, it turned to the northwest in response to the anticyclone over Mexico, and it quickly weakened to tropical depression status.<ref name="tcr"/> By 12&nbsp;hours after landfall, there was little evidence of a circulation on satellite imagery.<ref>{{cite web|author=Miles Lawrence|date=2003-06-27|title=Tropical Depression Carlos Discussion Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep032003.discus.007.shtml?}}</ref> Late on June&nbsp;27, Carlos degenerated into a non-convective remnant [[low pressure area]] near Acapulco. The circulation turned to the southwest and emerged into the Pacific Ocean; by 0000&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;29, the system dissipated completely.<ref name="tcr"/>
Line 29: Line 29:
== Preparations and impact ==
== Preparations and impact ==
[[File:Carlos_2003_rainfall.png|right|thumb|Rainfall summary for Tropical Storm Carlos]]
[[File:Carlos_2003_rainfall.png|right|thumb|Rainfall summary for Tropical Storm Carlos]]
When the cyclone first formed, the [[Government of Mexico]] issued a [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches|tropical storm warning]] from [[Acapulco]], [[Guerrero]] to Punta San Telmo, [[Michoacán]], although initially it was forecast to remain offshore.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Depression Three-E Public Advisory One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/pub/ep032003.public.001.shtml?}}</ref> After Carlos attained tropical storm status and when it was correctly anticipated to make landfall, the warning area was adjusted from [[Salina Cruz]], [[Oaxaca]] to [[Zihuatanejo]], Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Public Advisory Four|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/pub/ep032003.public.004.shtml?}}</ref> Although the storm moved ashore in Oaxaca, its rainbands also affected the Mexican [[Political divisions of Mexico|states]] of [[Chiapas]], [[Tabasco]], [[Veracruz]], [[Puebla]], and Guerrero. On the day when Carlos made landfall, it dropped heavy rainfall, with 24‑hour statewide maxima of 254&nbsp;mm (10&nbsp;in) in Río Verde, Oaxaca, and 112&nbsp;mm (4.42&nbsp;in) in [[Petatlán]], Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|author=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional|year=2003|title=Tormenta Tropical "Carlos" del Océano Pacífico|access-date=2009-05-24|url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2003/pacifico/carlos/carlos.html|language=Spanish |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071109064710/http://www.smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2003/pacifico/carlos/carlos.html |archive-date = November 9, 2007}}</ref> Throughout the country, rainfall peaked at 337&nbsp;mm (13.3&nbsp;in) in both [[Marquelia]] and [[Azoyú]] in Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/carlos2003.html|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Rainfall Summary|author=David M. Roth|publisher=[[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]]|access-date=2009-05-26}}</ref>
When the cyclone first formed, the [[Government of Mexico]] issued a [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches|tropical storm warning]] from [[Acapulco]], [[Guerrero]] to Punta San Telmo, [[Michoacán]], although initially it was forecast to remain offshore.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Depression Three-E Public Advisory One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/pub/ep032003.public.001.shtml?}}</ref> After Carlos attained tropical storm status and when it was correctly anticipated to make landfall, the warning area was adjusted from [[Salina Cruz]], [[Oaxaca]] to [[Zihuatanejo]], Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|date=2003-06-26|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Public Advisory Four|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2009-05-24|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/pub/ep032003.public.004.shtml?}}</ref> Although the storm moved ashore in Oaxaca, its rainbands also affected the Mexican [[Political divisions of Mexico|states]] of [[Chiapas]], [[Tabasco]], [[Veracruz]], [[Puebla]], and Guerrero. On the day when Carlos made landfall, it dropped heavy rainfall, with 24‑hour statewide maxima of {{convert|254|mm|in|abbr=on}} in Río Verde, Oaxaca, and {{convert|112|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Petatlán]], Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|author=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional|year=2003|title=Tormenta Tropical "Carlos" del Océano Pacífico|access-date=2009-05-24|url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2003/pacifico/carlos/carlos.html|language=Spanish |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071109064710/http://www.smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2003/pacifico/carlos/carlos.html |archive-date = November 9, 2007}}</ref> Throughout the country, rainfall peaked at {{convert|337|mm|in|abbr=on}} in both [[Marquelia]] and [[Azoyú]] in Guerrero.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/carlos2003.html|title=Tropical Storm Carlos Rainfall Summary|author=David M. Roth|publisher=[[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]]|access-date=2009-05-26}}</ref>


Tropical Storm Carlos affected 79&nbsp;[[municipalities of Oaxaca|municipalities in Oaxaca]] with flooding or rainfall, and much of the region was declared a disaster area; as a result, disaster funds were opened.<ref>{{cite web|author=Santiago Creel Miranda and María del Carmen Segura Rangel|date=2003-07-11|title=Declaratoria de Desastre Natural|publisher=El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico|access-date=2009-05-30|url=http://www.capfce.gob.mx/web/doc/FONDENViernes11deJulio2003.pdf|language=Spanish|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050910060840/http://www.capfce.gob.mx/web/doc/FONDENViernes11deJulio2003.pdf |archive-date = September 10, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> Across the region, the combination of rainfall and strong winds downed power lines, disrupted phone service, and flooded two major highways;<ref name="ap627"/> additionally, the storm left widespread damage to other roads and airstrips.<ref name="sunaee"/> In northwestern Oaxaca, seven people were killed when the heavy rainfall triggered a mudslide. Mudslides were reported elsewhere in the state, and about 30,000&nbsp;homes were damaged.<ref name="dpa630"/> In one town, the flooding forced 150&nbsp;families to evacuate to shelters.<ref name="sunaee">{{cite web|author=SUN-AEE|date=2003-06-27|title=Toca tierra Tormenta tropical 'Carlos'|language=Spanish|access-date=2009-05-30|url=http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/37426.toca-tierra-tormenta-tropical-carlos.html}}</ref> In Guerrero, a flooded river killed two people.<ref name="ap627"/> Four fishermen were reported missing, possibly swept out to sea due to the storm;<ref name="ap627">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=2003-06-23|title=Tropical Storm Carlos dissipates after causing minor damage along Mexico's southern Pacific coast|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> the Mexican army searched offshore for several days, rescuing two of the four fishermen by four days after the storm.<ref name="dpa630">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=2003-06-30|title=Tropical Storm Carlos kills seven in Mexico|work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur}}</ref> Overall, the storm affected about 148,000&nbsp;people, {{convert|10|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were destroyed, and monetary damage totaled 86.7&nbsp;million pesos (2003&nbsp;[[Mexican peso|MXN]], $8&nbsp;million 2003&nbsp;USD), a third of which was property.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres|date=March 2004|title=Informe de la Temporada de Ciclones Tropicales del 2003|publisher=El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico|access-date=2009-05-30|url=https://www.files.cenapred.unam.mx/es/BibliotecaVirtual/BibliotecaVirtualSINAPROC/CENAPRED-SINAPROC/92_Informe%20de%20la%20temporada%20de%20ciclones%20tropicales%20del%202003Pri0000.pdf|language=Spanish}}</ref>
Tropical Storm Carlos affected 79&nbsp;[[municipalities of Oaxaca|municipalities in Oaxaca]] with flooding or rainfall, and much of the region was declared a disaster area; as a result, disaster funds were opened.<ref>{{cite web|author=Santiago Creel Miranda and María del Carmen Segura Rangel|date=2003-07-11|title=Declaratoria de Desastre Natural|publisher=El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico|access-date=2009-05-30|url=http://www.capfce.gob.mx/web/doc/FONDENViernes11deJulio2003.pdf|language=Spanish|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050910060840/http://www.capfce.gob.mx/web/doc/FONDENViernes11deJulio2003.pdf |archive-date = September 10, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> Across the region, the combination of rainfall and strong winds downed power lines, disrupted phone service, and flooded two major highways;<ref name="ap627"/> additionally, the storm left widespread damage to other roads and airstrips.<ref name="sunaee"/> In northwestern Oaxaca, seven people were killed when the heavy rainfall triggered a mudslide. Mudslides were reported elsewhere in the state, and about 30,000&nbsp;homes were damaged.<ref name="dpa630"/> In one town, the flooding forced 150&nbsp;families to evacuate to shelters.<ref name="sunaee">{{cite web|author=SUN-AEE|date=2003-06-27|title=Toca tierra Tormenta tropical 'Carlos'|language=Spanish|access-date=2009-05-30|url=http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/37426.toca-tierra-tormenta-tropical-carlos.html}}</ref> In Guerrero, a flooded river killed two people.<ref name="ap627"/> Four fishermen were reported missing, possibly swept out to sea due to the storm;<ref name="ap627">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=2003-06-23|title=Tropical Storm Carlos dissipates after causing minor damage along Mexico's southern Pacific coast|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> the Mexican army searched offshore for several days, rescuing two of the four fishermen by four days after the storm.<ref name="dpa630">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=2003-06-30|title=Tropical Storm Carlos kills seven in Mexico|work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur}}</ref> Overall, the storm affected about 148,000&nbsp;people, {{convert|10|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of crops were destroyed, and monetary damage totaled 86.7&nbsp;million pesos (2003&nbsp;[[Mexican peso|MXN]], $8&nbsp;million 2003&nbsp;USD), a third of which was property.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres|date=March 2004|title=Informe de la Temporada de Ciclones Tropicales del 2003|publisher=El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico|access-date=2009-05-30|url=https://www.files.cenapred.unam.mx/es/BibliotecaVirtual/BibliotecaVirtualSINAPROC/CENAPRED-SINAPROC/92_Informe%20de%20la%20temporada%20de%20ciclones%20tropicales%20del%202003Pri0000.pdf|language=Spanish}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:54, 3 March 2023

Tropical Storm Carlos
Tropical storm (SSHWS/NWS)
Tropical Storm Carlos near peak intensity on June 26
FormedJune 26, 2003
DissipatedJune 27, 2003
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 65 mph (100 km/h)
Lowest pressure996 mbar (hPa); 29.41 inHg
Fatalities9 total, 2 missing
Damage$8 million (2003 USD)
Areas affectedSouthwestern Mexico
Part of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season

Tropical Storm Carlos was the first of five tropical cyclones to make landfall during the 2003 Pacific hurricane season. It formed on June 26 from a tropical wave to the south of Mexico. It quickly strengthened as it approached the coast, and early on June 27 Carlos moved ashore in Oaxaca with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h). The storm rapidly deteriorated to a remnant low, which persisted until dissipating on June 29. Carlos brought heavy rainfall to portions of southern Mexico, peaking at 337 mm (13.3 in) in two locations in Guerrero. Throughout its path, the storm damaged about 30,000 houses, with a monetary damage total of 86.7 million pesos (2003 MXN, $8 million 2003 USD). At least nine people were killed throughout the country, seven due to mudslides and two from river flooding; there was also a report of two missing fishermen.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Carlos were from a tropical wave that exited the west coast of Africa on June 14. The wave moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, with little evidence of its existence on satellite imagery. By June 20 it crossed Central America into the eastern Pacific Ocean, later spawning an area of convection, or thunderstorms, south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.[1] The National Hurricane Center (NHC) first mentioned the system in its tropical weather outlook on June 24, by which time a low pressure center developed.[2][3] Gradually, the system continued to develop due to light wind shear, with rainbands and convection located near the broad center.[4][5] By early on June 26, the disturbance had organized enough for the NHC to initiate advisories on Tropical Depression Three-E, about 130 miles (210 km) south-southwest of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca.[6]

Upon first being classified as a tropical cyclone, the depression had a slightly elongated circulation. An anticyclone to its north was forecast to track westward, which would allow the depression to track west-northwestward and remain offshore; however, the NHC noted uncertainty in its motion.[6] The cloud pattern gradually organized, with warm water temperatures and lessening wind shear.[7] At 1200 UTC on June 26, it is estimated the depression attained tropical storm status; upon doing so, the NHC named the storm Carlos.[1] As it reached tropical storm intensity, Carlos began an erratic northward track toward the Mexican coast, under the influence of a trough.[8] It quickly strengthened, developing a well-defined eye feature in the center of the convection. Based on the eye, it is estimated Carlos made landfall early on June 27 with peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h), about 60 miles (97 km) west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, or about 150 miles (240 km)/h) east-southeast of Acapulco, Guerrero.[1]

As Carlos moved inland, it turned to the northwest in response to the anticyclone over Mexico, and it quickly weakened to tropical depression status.[1] By 12 hours after landfall, there was little evidence of a circulation on satellite imagery.[9] Late on June 27, Carlos degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure area near Acapulco. The circulation turned to the southwest and emerged into the Pacific Ocean; by 0000 UTC on June 29, the system dissipated completely.[1]

Preparations and impact

Rainfall summary for Tropical Storm Carlos

When the cyclone first formed, the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Acapulco, Guerrero to Punta San Telmo, Michoacán, although initially it was forecast to remain offshore.[10] After Carlos attained tropical storm status and when it was correctly anticipated to make landfall, the warning area was adjusted from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca to Zihuatanejo, Guerrero.[11] Although the storm moved ashore in Oaxaca, its rainbands also affected the Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz, Puebla, and Guerrero. On the day when Carlos made landfall, it dropped heavy rainfall, with 24‑hour statewide maxima of 254 mm (10.0 in) in Río Verde, Oaxaca, and 112 mm (4.4 in) in Petatlán, Guerrero.[12] Throughout the country, rainfall peaked at 337 mm (13.3 in) in both Marquelia and Azoyú in Guerrero.[13]

Tropical Storm Carlos affected 79 municipalities in Oaxaca with flooding or rainfall, and much of the region was declared a disaster area; as a result, disaster funds were opened.[14] Across the region, the combination of rainfall and strong winds downed power lines, disrupted phone service, and flooded two major highways;[15] additionally, the storm left widespread damage to other roads and airstrips.[16] In northwestern Oaxaca, seven people were killed when the heavy rainfall triggered a mudslide. Mudslides were reported elsewhere in the state, and about 30,000 homes were damaged.[17] In one town, the flooding forced 150 families to evacuate to shelters.[16] In Guerrero, a flooded river killed two people.[15] Four fishermen were reported missing, possibly swept out to sea due to the storm;[15] the Mexican army searched offshore for several days, rescuing two of the four fishermen by four days after the storm.[17] Overall, the storm affected about 148,000 people, 10 ha (25 acres) of crops were destroyed, and monetary damage totaled 86.7 million pesos (2003 MXN, $8 million 2003 USD), a third of which was property.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Miles B. Lawrence (2003-08-04). "Tropical Storm Carlos Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
  2. ^ Lixion Avila (2003-06-24). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-24.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Mike Tichacek (2006-06-24). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-24.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Richard Pasch (2003-06-24). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-24.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ Erick Blake (2006-06-24). "Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-24.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ a b Richard Pasch (2003-06-26). "Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  7. ^ Lixion Avila (2003-06-26). "Tropical Depression Three-E Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  8. ^ Richard Pasch (2003-06-26). "Tropical Storm Carlos Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  9. ^ Miles Lawrence (2003-06-27). "Tropical Depression Carlos Discussion Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  10. ^ Richard Pasch (2003-06-26). "Tropical Depression Three-E Public Advisory One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  11. ^ Lixion Avila (2003-06-26). "Tropical Storm Carlos Public Advisory Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  12. ^ Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (2003). "Tormenta Tropical "Carlos" del Océano Pacífico" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 9, 2007. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  13. ^ David M. Roth. "Tropical Storm Carlos Rainfall Summary". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  14. ^ Santiago Creel Miranda and María del Carmen Segura Rangel (2003-07-11). "Declaratoria de Desastre Natural" (PDF) (in Spanish). El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
  15. ^ a b c Staff Writer (2003-06-23). "Tropical Storm Carlos dissipates after causing minor damage along Mexico's southern Pacific coast". Associated Press.
  16. ^ a b SUN-AEE (2003-06-27). "Toca tierra Tormenta tropical 'Carlos'" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2009-05-30.
  17. ^ a b Staff Writer (2003-06-30). "Tropical Storm Carlos kills seven in Mexico". Deutsche Presse-Agentur.
  18. ^ Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (March 2004). "Informe de la Temporada de Ciclones Tropicales del 2003" (PDF) (in Spanish). El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico. Retrieved 2009-05-30.

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