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==References== |
==References== |
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* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OpOdHQAACAAJ& |
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OpOdHQAACAAJ&q=Kyoto:+The+Old+Capital+of+Japan,+794-1869 ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869.''] Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/36644 OCLC 36644] |
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* _____________. (1963). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IGkrAAAAIAAJ&q=Vicissitudes+of+Shinto |
* _____________. (1963). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IGkrAAAAIAAJ&q=Vicissitudes+of+Shinto ''Vicissitudes of Shinto.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/36655 OCLC 36655] |
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* {{cite book |title=Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon |language=fr |author=Siyun-zai Rin-siyo |trans-title=Annals of the Emperors of Japan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ |location=Paris |date=1834 |publisher=Parbury, Allen, and Company}} |
* {{cite book |title=Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon |language=fr |author=Siyun-zai Rin-siyo |trans-title=Annals of the Emperors of Japan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ |location=Paris |date=1834 |publisher=Parbury, Allen, and Company}} |
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Revision as of 22:32, 25 March 2023
A cloistered emperor (太上法皇, daijō hōō, also pronounced dajō hōō) is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the Pravrajya rite. The term can also be shortened to Hōō (法皇, lit. "Dharma emperor").
Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as Daijō Tennō (retired emperors), therefore maintaining effective power. This title was first assumed by Emperor Shōmu and was later used by many other emperors who "took the tonsure", signifying a decision to become a Buddhist monk.[1] The last cloistered emperor was Emperor Reigen (r. 1663-1687) in the Edo period.
List of retired emperors who became monks
Name as Emperor | Acceded | Abdicated | Took Buddhist vows | Died | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shōmu | 724 | 749 | 749 | 756 |
|
Heizei | 806 | 809 | 810 | 824 |
|
Seiwa | 858 | 876 | 878 | 881 |
|
Yōzei | 876 | 884 | 949 | 949 | |
Uda | 887 | 897 | 900 | 931 | Uda entered the Buddhist priesthood at age 34 in 900.[citation needed] Having founded the temple at Ninna-ji, Uda made it his new home after his abdication. His Buddhist name was Kongō Kaku.[citation needed] He was sometimes called "the Cloistered Emperor of Teiji(亭子の帝)," because the name of the Buddhist hall where he resided after becoming a priest was called Teijiin.[citation needed] |
Daigo | 897 | 930 | 930 | 930 |
|
Suzaku | 930 | 946 | 952 | 952 | |
En'yū | 969 | 984 | 985 | 991 |
|
Kazan | 984 | 986 | 986 | 1008 |
|
Ichijō | 986 | 1011 | 1011 | 1011 |
|
Sanjō | 1011 | 1016 | 1017 | 1017 |
|
Go-Suzaku | 1036 | 1045 | 1045 | 1045 | |
Go-Sanjō | 1068 | 1073 | 1073 | 1073 |
|
Shirakawa | 1073 | 1087 | 1096 | 1129 |
|
Toba | 1107 | 1123 | 1141 | 1156 | |
Go-Shirakawa | 1155 | 1158 | 1169 | 1192 |
|
Go-Fukakusa | 1246 | 1259 | 1290 | 1304 | |
Kameyama | 1259 | 1274 | 1289 | 1305 | |
Go-Uda | 1274 | 1287 | 1307 | 1324 | |
Fushimi | 1287 | 1298 | 1313 | 1317 | |
Hanazono | 1308 | 1318 | 1335 | 1348 |
|
Kōmyō (North) | 1336 | 1348 | 1355 | 1380 |
|
Go-Mizunoo | 1611 | 1629 | 1651 | 1680 | Called "Enjō Dōkaku Hōō" |
Reigen | 1663 | 1687 | 1713 | 1732 |
|
See also
Notes
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1963). Vicissitudes of Shinto, p. 27.
- ^ Siyun-zai_Rin-siyo 1834, p. 73.
- ^ Siyun-zai_Rin-siyo 1834, p. 41.
- ^ a b c Varley, p. 143.
- ^ Siyun-zai Rin-siyo 1834, p. 143.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 318.
- ^ a b Siyun-zai Rin-siyo 1834, p. 134.
- ^ Varley, p. 181.
- ^ Siyun-zai Rin-siyo 1834, p. 162.
- ^ Siyun-zai Rin-siyo 1834, p. 176.
- ^ Kitagawa, Hiroshi, et al., eds. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, pp. 129–130.
- ^ Siyun-zai Rin-siyo 1834, p. 185.
References
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 36644
- _____________. (1963). Vicissitudes of Shinto. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 36655
- Siyun-zai Rin-siyo (1834). Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon [Annals of the Emperors of Japan] (in French). Paris: Parbury, Allen, and Company.