List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs: Difference between revisions
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! width="13%" | [[Sovereign state|State]] !! width="15%" | Constituent !! width="18%" | Monarch !! width="13%" | Since !! width="12%" | [[Royal House|House]] !! width="10%" | Type !! width="10%" | Succession !! width="5%" | Refs |
! width="13%" | [[Sovereign state|State]] !! width="15%" | Constituent !! width="18%" | Monarch !! width="13%" | Since !! width="12%" | [[Royal House|House]] !! width="10%" | Type !! width="10%" | Succession !! width="5%" | Refs |
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| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" style="vertical-align: top; border-color: white;" | {{Flag icon|Indonesia}} '''[[Indonesia|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Indonesia</span>]]''' || bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | {{Flag icon|Special Region of Yogyakarta}} '''[[Special Region of Yogyakarta|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Yogyakarta</span>]]''' || [[Sultan of Yogyakarta|Sultan]] [[Hamengkubuwono X]] || 2 October 1988 {{#tag:ref|Formally installed on 7 March 1989.|group=id|name=Coroyo}} || [[ |
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" style="vertical-align: top; border-color: white;" | {{Flag icon|Indonesia}} '''[[Indonesia|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Indonesia</span>]]''' || bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | {{Flag icon|Special Region of Yogyakarta}} '''[[Special Region of Yogyakarta|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Yogyakarta</span>]]''' || [[Sultan of Yogyakarta|Sultan]] [[Hamengkubuwono X]] || 2 October 1988 {{#tag:ref|Formally installed on 7 March 1989.|group=id|name=Coroyo}} || [[House of Mataram|Mataram]] {{#tag:ref|A branch of the [[Mataram Sultanate|Kartasura]] dynasty.|group=id|name=Mataram}} || [[Constitutional monarchy|Limited]] {{#tag:ref|While state law requires that all provincial governors be elected, in the case of [[List of Governors of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]], the sultan is given priority during elections, and therefore is always the default governor. In addition, the reigning [[Pakualaman|Pakualam]] (see under [[#Indonesia|Java]]) is normally given preference when selecting the vice-governor. As in other provinces, considerable administrative power is also ceded to the central government.|group=id|name=Yogyakarta}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" |<ref>{{cite web |title=YALE TO HOST SRI SULTAN HAMENGKU BUWONO X, SULTAN OF YOGYAKARTA, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA |url=https://cseas.yale.edu/sri-sultan-hamengkubuwono-x |website=Council on Southeast Asia Studies at Yale University |access-date=30 October 2022}}</ref> |
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| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" style="vertical-align: top; border-color: white;" | {{Flag icon|Indonesia}} '''[[Indonesia|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Indonesia</span>]]''' || bgcolor="#A9A9A9" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Pakualaman.svg}} '''[[Pakualaman|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Pakualaman</span>]]''' || [[Duke]] [[Paku Alam X]] || 7 January 2016 || [[ |
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" style="vertical-align: top; border-color: white;" | {{Flag icon|Indonesia}} '''[[Indonesia|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Indonesia</span>]]''' || bgcolor="#A9A9A9" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Pakualaman.svg}} '''[[Pakualaman|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Pakualaman</span>]]''' || [[Duke]] [[Paku Alam X]] || 7 January 2016 || [[House of Mataram|Mataram]] {{#tag:ref||group=id|name=Mataram}} || [[Constitutional monarchy|Limited]] {{#tag:ref|While state law requires that all provincial governors be elected, in the case of [[List of Governors of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]], the sultan is given priority during elections, and therefore is always the default governor. In addition, the reigning [[Pakualaman|Pakualam]] (see under [[#Indonesia|Java]]) is normally given preference when selecting the vice-governor. As in other provinces, considerable administrative power is also ceded to the central government.|group=id|name=Yogyakarta}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muryanto |first1=Bambang |last2=Susanto |first2=Slamet |title=Pakualaman has new monarch |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/01/07/pakualaman-has-new-monarch.html |access-date=30 October 2022 |agency=The Jakarta Post |date=7 January 2016}}</ref> |
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| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | '''[[Sultanate of Cirebon|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Kasepuhan</span>]]''' || [[Sultan]] Sepuh XIV || 30 April 2010 || [[Cirebon|Kasepuhan]] {{#tag:ref||group=id|name=Cirebon}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" |<ref name="worldsindo1" /> |
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | '''[[Sultanate of Cirebon|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Kasepuhan</span>]]''' || [[Sultan]] Sepuh XIV || 30 April 2010 || [[Cirebon|Kasepuhan]] {{#tag:ref||group=id|name=Cirebon}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" |<ref name="worldsindo1" /> |
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| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Mangkunegaran.svg}} '''[[Mangkunegaran|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Mangkunegaran</span>]]''' || [[Mangkunegara X]] || 12 March 2022 |
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Mangkunegaran.svg}} '''[[Mangkunegaran|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Mangkunegaran</span>]]''' || [[Mangkunegara X]] || 12 March 2022||[[House of Mataram|Mataram]] {{#tag:ref|A branch of the [[Mataram Sultanate|Kartasura]] dynasty.|group=id|name=Mataram}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |
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| author = Negoro, Suryo |
| author = Negoro, Suryo |
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| title = Sri Mangkoenagoro IX |
| title = Sri Mangkoenagoro IX |
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|bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | '''[[Sumedang Larang kingdom|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Sumedang</span>]]''' {{#tag:ref|Now it covers the entire Sumedang Regency area.|group=id|name=Sumedang}} ||[[Raja|Paduka Yang Mulia]] Sri Radya HRI Lukman Soemadisoeria || || [[Sumedang]] {{#tag:ref||group=id|name=Sumedang}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" | |
|bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | '''[[Sumedang Larang kingdom|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Sumedang</span>]]''' {{#tag:ref|Now it covers the entire Sumedang Regency area.|group=id|name=Sumedang}} ||[[Raja|Paduka Yang Mulia]] Sri Radya HRI Lukman Soemadisoeria || || [[Sumedang]] {{#tag:ref||group=id|name=Sumedang}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" | |
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| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | '''[[Surakarta|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Surakarta</span>]]''' {{#tag:ref|Also commonly known as Solo.|group=id|name=Solo}} || [[Susuhunan]] [[Pakubuwono XIII]] {{#tag:ref|Upon the death of [[Pakubuwono XII]] in 2004, with no successor named, there arose two rival claims to the throne. Two of his sons, Hangabehi and Tejowulan, each had themselves "crowned" as the next ''Susuhunan''. The dispute likely still exists, although family consensus apparently favours the elder brother, Hangabehi, who is also the sole titleholder recognised by the government. In either case, both claimants would use the [[regnal name]] of Pakubuwono XIII.|group=id|name=Pakubuwono}} || 10 September 2004 || [[ |
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | '''[[Surakarta|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Surakarta</span>]]''' {{#tag:ref|Also commonly known as Solo.|group=id|name=Solo}} || [[Susuhunan]] [[Pakubuwono XIII]] {{#tag:ref|Upon the death of [[Pakubuwono XII]] in 2004, with no successor named, there arose two rival claims to the throne. Two of his sons, Hangabehi and Tejowulan, each had themselves "crowned" as the next ''Susuhunan''. The dispute likely still exists, although family consensus apparently favours the elder brother, Hangabehi, who is also the sole titleholder recognised by the government. In either case, both claimants would use the [[regnal name]] of Pakubuwono XIII.|group=id|name=Pakubuwono}} || 10 September 2004 || [[House of Mataram|Mataram]] {{#tag:ref||group=id|name=Mataram}} || [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary]] || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |
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| last = Mydans |
| last = Mydans |
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| first = Seth |
| first = Seth |
Revision as of 16:15, 18 July 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2021) |
This is a list of reigning non-sovereign monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.
List of constituent Asian monarchs
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Bohmong [as 1] | Raja Aung Shwe Prue | 1959 | Chowdhury | Hereditary and Elective | [1][2] |
Chakma [as 2] | Raja Debashish | 12 November 1971 | Roy | Hereditary | [3][4] | |
Mong [as 3] | Raja Saching Prue | 22 October 2008 [as 4] | Chowdhury | Hereditary and Elective | [5][6] | |
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Daher-Amla | Raja Tapatrao Anandrao | Bhil | Hereditary | [7][8] | |
Gadhvi | Raja Yashwant Rao [as 6] | Hereditary | ||||
Linga | Raja Bhavarsingh | Hereditary | ||||
Pimpri | Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao | Hereditary | ||||
Vasurna | Raja Chandra Singh | Hereditary |
Indonesien
Present information regarding governmental recognition of traditional monarchs in Indonesia is inadequate. In some instances below, pre-colonial polities have been restored, and the royal titles of their leaders have been nominally confirmed. In other cases, the government has refused to revive monarchies that had been abolished during the earliest years of the republic. Despite the historical suppression of these dynasties, a large number have retained their culture, identity, and their status within their own communities. Royal titles are still widely used, bestowed in formal enthronement ceremonies conducted without formal recognition from Jakarta.[citation needed]
In recent years, the number of dynasties receiving recognition as nominal cultural authorities has steadily increased.[9] However, because it remains unclear as to which monarchies have not yet been recognised, the list below will contain all extant Indonesian dynasties on which there is information available. Monarchs that have explicitly been denied recognition are listed under pretenders. The Sultan of Yogyakarta and the Duke of Pakualaman are listed separately due to the constitutional nature of their position.
State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Typ | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Sultan Hamengkubuwono X | 2 October 1988 [id 1] | Mataram [id 2] | Limited [id 3] | Hereditary | [10] |
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Duke Paku Alam X | 7 January 2016 | Mataram [id 2] | Limited [id 3] | Hereditary | [11] |
- Bali
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Bangli | Anak Agung Made Rai Rama | 1961 | Gelgel | Hereditary | [12] |
Buleleng | Anak Agung Ngurah Brawida | 2 June 1978 | Sangket [id 4] | Hereditary | [12] | |
Denpasar | Tjokorda Ngurah Jambe [id 5] | 25 November 2005 | Pemecutan [id 6] | Hereditary | [13] | |
Gianyar | Anak Agung Gde Agung II | 22 April 1999 | Hereditary | [12] | ||
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Anak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung | 9 April 2009 | Karangasem | Hereditary | ||
Kesiman | Tjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana | 22 April 1989 | Kesiman [id 6] | Hereditary | [14] | |
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Dewa Agung Ida Dalem Semaraputra | 10 October 2010 | Dewa Agung [id 4] | Hereditary | [12] | |
Pamecutan | Tjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara [id 5] | 1986 | Pemecutan [id 6] | Hereditary | [15] | |
Tabanan | Tjokorda Anglurah | 21 March 2008 | Hereditary | |||
Ubud | Vacant [id 7] | 20 July 1978 | Sukawati | Hereditary | [16] |
- Borneo
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Sultan Khairul Saleh | 24 July 2010 | Alwatzkubillah [id 8] | Hereditary | [17] |
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Sultan Abdul Hamid | 2 December 2008 | Hereditary | |||
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Sultan H Adji Muhammad Arifin | Kutai [id 9] | Hereditary | [17] | ||
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Tuan Besar Syarif Ibrahim bin Syarif Nyoh | 4 March 2008 | Alidrus | Hereditary | [18] | |
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Pangeran Ratu Alidin Sukma Alamsyah | 2010[19] | Alwatzkubillah [id 8] | Hereditary | ||
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Pangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin | 24 January 2000 | Ismahayana [id 9] | Hereditary | [20] | |
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Pangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi | 11 August 2004 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | ||
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Pangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Mardan Adijaya | 12 August 2002 | Amantubillah [id 10] | Hereditary | [21][22] | |
Pasir | Pangeran Ratu Abdul Rasyid | 16 October 2000 | Belengkong [id 10] | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Syarif Mahmud Alkadrie | 17 July 2017[23] | Al Kadri [id 11] | Hereditary | [17] | |
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Sultan Fachruddin | 19 October 2009 | Berau | Hereditary | ||
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Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan | 3 February 2008 [id 12] | Alwatzkubillah [id 8] | Hereditary | ||
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Pangeran Ratu Arman Surya | 26 July 2009 | Suryanegara | Hereditary | ||
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Pangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi | 28 February 2009 | Hereditary | [24] | ||
Selimbau | Panembahan Muhammad Asbi | 2004 | Assidiqi | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II | 31 May 2008 | Hereditary | |||
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Panembahan Kusuma Negara V | 17 September 2003 [id 14] | Kusumanegara | Hereditary | [citation needed] |
- Java
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Sultan Ismetullah al-Abbas [id 15] | August 2003 | Surosowan | Hereditary | |
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Sultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III | 28 October 1997 | Kacirebonan [id 16] | Hereditary | ||
Kanoman | Sultan Muhammad Emiruddin [id 17] | 6 March 2003 | Kanoman [id 16] | Hereditary | ||
Kasepuhan | Sultan Sepuh XIV | 30 April 2010 | Kasepuhan [id 16] | Hereditary | [12] | |
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Mangkunegara X | 12 March 2022 | Mataram [id 2] | Hereditary | [25] | |
Sumedang [id 18] | Paduka Yang Mulia Sri Radya HRI Lukman Soemadisoeria | Sumedang [id 18] | Hereditary | |||
Surakarta [id 19] | Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII [id 20] | 10 September 2004 | Mataram [id 2] | Hereditary | [26] |
- Maluku
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Amahei | Raja Philip Hallatu | 20 September 1990 | Hallatu | Hereditary and Elective | [citation needed] |
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Sultan Al-Abd-Al-Rahim Gary ibn Gahral | 19 November 2010 | Kamarullah | Hereditary and Elective [id 21] | ||
Faan | Raja Patris | April 2002 | Renwarin | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Hitu | Upu Latu Salhana Pelu | 21 March 2007 | Hitulama | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Abdullah Syah | January 2002 | Hereditary | |||
Kisar | Raja Johannis Bakker | Bakker | Hereditary | |||
Loloda | Jogugu Lutfi Muhammad Syamsuddin | 30 August 2009 | Syamsuddin | Hereditary | ||
Soya | Raja Johan Lodewijk Rehatta | 9 December 2005 [id 22] | Rehatta [id 23] | Hereditary and Elective | [27] | |
Tulehu | Upu Latu John Saleh Ohorella | 13 February 2003 | Ohorella | Hereditary | [28] | |
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Sultan Hidayatullah Sjah [id 24] | 18 December 2021 | Hereditary | [29] | ||
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Sultan Djafar Syah | 28 October 1999 | Hereditary | [17] |
- Papua
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Arguni | Raja Hanafi Pauspaus | Pauspaus[id 25] | Hereditary | ||
Atiati | Raja M. Syahrul Yusuf Bay | 14 February 2018 | Kerewaindżai [id 26] | Hereditary | [30] | |
Fatagar | Raja Taufiq Heru | 31 December 2009 | Uswanas [id 27] | Hereditary | ||
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Rat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad | 1980 | Aituarauw [id 28] | Hereditary | ||
Namatota | Ratu Randi Asnawi Ombaier | 2017 | Ombaier [id 28] | Hereditary | [31] | |
Patipi | Raja Atarai Iba [id 29] | 2022 | Sameni (Iba) [id 30] | Hereditary | ||
Rumbati | Raja Hamrad Pitupuwah Bauw | 2 May 2019 | Bauw | Hereditary | [32] | |
Salawati | Raja Muhammad Tahir Arfan | Arfan | Hereditary | [citation needed] | ||
Sekar | Raja Arief Rumagesan | Rumagesan | Hereditary | [33] | ||
Wertuar | Raja Musa Heremba | 15 April 1988 | Heremba | Hereditary |
- Roti
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Baa | Manek Paulus Dae Pane | 1998 | Dae Pane | Hereditary | |
Bokai | Manek Herman Dupe | 1 January 1961 [id 31] | Doepe | Hereditary | ||
Dehla | Manek Nehemia Ndun | 2 October 1972 [id 32] | Ndoen | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Dengka | Vacant [id 33] | 1970 | Tungga | Hereditary | ||
Korbafo | Vacant [id 34] | 6 March 2000 | Manubulu | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Landu | Vacant [id 35] | 18 March 2008 | Johannes | Hereditary | ||
Lelain | Manek Yunus Besi | Besi | Hereditary | |||
Lelenuk | Manek Christoffel Daik | 28 September 1994 | Daik | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Loleh | Manek Soleman Zacharias | 15 July 2003 [id 36] | Zacharias | Hereditary | ||
Ndao | Manek Soleman Kotten | 1968 | Kotten | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Oenale | Manek Christoffel Hanok Lenggu | Lenggu | Hereditary | |||
Oepao | Manek Jefry Sjioen | 2005 | Sjioen | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Ringgou | Vacant [id 37] | 22 March 2002 | Daoed | Hereditary | ||
Termanu | Manek Soleman Jeremias Amalo [id 38] | 14 October 2007 | Amalo | Hereditary | ||
Thie | Vacant [id 39] | 25 January 2010 | Mburalae | Hereditary |
- Sulawesi
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Balangnipa | Maradia Fadly Patayangi | 19 November 2005 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Banawa | Vacant [id 40] | 16 November 2006 | Hereditary | [34] | ||
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Tomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan [id 41] | 29 January 2010 | Awaluddin | Hereditary | ||
Barru | Vacant [id 42] | Bugis | Hereditary | |||
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Arumpone Baso Hamid | 7 April 2006 | Bugis | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan La Ode Mohammad Izat Manarfa | 27 November 2006 | Kumbewahatak | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
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Sultan Kumala Idjo Batara Gowa III [id 44] | 2014 | Hereditary | |||
Luwu | Datu Iwan Djemma Barue | 10 June 2006 | Bugis | Hereditary | [35] | |
Mamuju | Maradia Maksum Dai | Mak Lonjok | Hereditary | [36] | ||
Mori | Vacant [id 45] | Hereditary | ||||
Sanrabone | Karaeng Ali Mallombasi | 25 July 2008 | Sanrabone | Hereditary | ||
Soppeng | Datu Unru Mappanjantji | 2001 | Hereditary |
- Sumatra
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Sultan Kamal Abrahim | 17 May 1980 [id 46] | Pinangawan | Hereditary | [citation needed] |
Bangkara [id 47] | Raja Sisingamangaraja XV [id 48] | 24 December 1972 | Pasaribu [id 49] | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Aria Lamanjiji [id 50] | 22 July 2005 | Maimoon | Hereditary | [37] | |
Dolok Silau | Raja Tanjar Gaim Purba Tambak | 23 November 2008 | Purba | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
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Sultan Tengku Arief | 1 February 1986 | Hereditary | |||
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Sultan Abdurrahman Taha Syaifuddin Syah | 18 March 2012 | Hereditary and Elective | [38] | ||
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Sultan Azwar Abdul Jalil | 21 May 2003 | Hereditary and Elective | [citation needed] | ||
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Raja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib [id 51] | 10 June 2007 | Adityawarman [id 52] | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin III | 4 March 2003 | Hereditary | [39] | ||
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Tengku Besar Kamaruddin bin Harun | 7 August 2008 | Al Shahab | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Basyarsyah II | 28 January 2001 [id 53] | Alamsyah | Hereditary | ||
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Sultan Nasir Abdul Jalil Saifuddin VI | 11 February 1984 | Al Syihab | Hereditary | [40] | |
Siguntur | Sultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo Ratu | 1968 | Siguntur [id 52] | Hereditary | [41] |
- Timor
- Others
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Anakalang | Raja Sappi Pateduk II | 1992 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
Barnusa | Raja Akbar Salim [id 68] | Baso | Hereditary | |||
Batulolong | Raja Constantijn Karimalei | 1996 | Karimalei | Hereditary | [56] | |
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Jena Teke Zulkarnain [id 69] | 17 June 2001 [id 70] | Dewa Dalam Bawa | Hereditary | [57] | |
Dompu | Vacant [id 71] | 1964 | Sirajuddin | Hereditary | ||
Kolana | Raja Yusuf Makunimau | 1996 | Makunimau [id 72] | Hereditary | ||
Kui | Raja Kaharuddin Kinanggi | Kinanggi | Hereditary | [58] | ||
Lamakera | Raja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim | 1987 | Dasi | Hereditary | ||
Lewa | Raja Pingi Ai | 23 January 1978 | Hereditary | [citation needed] | ||
Lohayong | Sengaji Muhamad Idrus | February 2008 | Kalake | Hereditary | [citation needed] | |
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Sultan Abdul Rahman II | 8 April 1964 | Bendahara [id 73] | Hereditary | [59] | |
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Muhammad Kaharuddin IV | 5 April 2011 | Kaharuddin | Hereditary | [60] |
Malaysia
State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Typ | Succession | Refs |
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Sultan Ibrahim Ismail | 22 January 2010 [my 1] | Temenggong | Constitutional | Hereditary | [61] |
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Sultan Sallehuddin | 12 September 2017 | Mahawangsa | Hereditary | [61] | ||
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Sultan Muhammad V [my 2] | 13 September 2010 | Long Yunus | Hereditary | [61] | ||
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Tuanku Muhriz | 29 December 2008 | Pagaruyung [my 3] | Hereditary and Elective [my 4] | [61] | ||
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Al-Sultan Sultan Abdullah | 15 January 2019 [my 5] | Bendahara | Hereditary | [61] | ||
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Sultan Nazrin Shah | 29 May 2014 [my 6] | Siak-Perak | Hereditary | [61] | ||
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Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin | 17 April 2000 | Jamalullail | Hereditary | [61] | ||
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Sultan Sharafuddin | 21 November 2001 [my 7] | Daeng Chelak [my 8] | Hereditary | [61] | ||
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Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin | 16 May 1998 [my 9] | Bendahara | Hereditary | [61] |
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Jelebu | Dato' Maarof Mat Rashad | 2018 | Elective and Hereditary [my 11] | [62] | |
Johol | Dato' Muhammad bin Abdullah | 27 March 2016 | Gemencheh | Elective and Hereditary [my 12] | [63][64] | |
Naning [my 13] | Dato' Mohd Nazrol Bin Mahamad Sapar | 2020 | Elective and Hereditary | [65] | ||
Rembau | Dato' Muhammad Sharif Othman | 21 November 1998 | Jakun | Elective and Hereditary [my 14] | [66][67] | |
Sungai Ujong | Dato' Mubarak Dohak | 29 December 1993 | Hulu | Elective and Hereditary [my 15] | [68][69] | |
Tampin | Tunku Besar Razman | 26 December 2005[my 16] | Al Qadri | Hereditary [my 17] | [70][71] |
Philippinen
State | Polity | Monarch | Since | House | Succession | Refs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Buayan | Sultan Mohammad Amil Kusain | 28 June 2008 | Camsa | Hereditary | ||||||||||
Lanao [fi 1] | Sultan Mastura Manabilang | 25 May 1996 | A Maranao dynasty. The current sultan belongs principally to the House of Madaya. He also descends from the houses of Lombayao, and Marantao. | Elective | [72][73] | ||||||||||
Maguindanao | Macapado Benito [fi 2] | 11 January 2006 | Kudarat | Hereditary | [74] | ||||||||||
Panay | Sultan Cipriano Querol Jr. | 13 February 2011 | Querol | Unclear | [75][76] | ||||||||||
Sulu | Sultan Muedzul Lail-Tan Kiram[77] | 16 September 2012 | Kiram | Hereditary | [78] | ||||||||||
Talik | Sultan AJ Sambuto | 22 April 2020 | Sambuto | Hereditary | [79] | ||||||||||
Lanao confederates | |||||||||||||||
Bacolod | Sultan Madki Maurak | Bacolod [fi 3] | Hereditary | [80] | |||||||||||
Baloi | Sultan Ysmael Ali | 28 February 2015 | Baloi [fi 3] | Hereditary | |||||||||||
Bansayan | Sultan Calicozaman Basman | Bansayan [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | |||||||||||
Bayang | Sultan Ali Manding | Bayang [fi 3] | Hereditary | [72] | |||||||||||
Borocot | Sultan Saidali Baniaga | Dirampaten [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | |||||||||||
Butig | Sultan Nasroden Ador | Butig [fi 3] | Hereditary | [82] | |||||||||||
Cabugatan | Datu Manaros Simbaan | Cabugatan [fi 3] | Hereditary | [83] | |||||||||||
Ditsaan | Sultan Tamano Pandapata | Ditsaan [fi 3] | Hereditary | [84] | |||||||||||
Dumalondong | Sultan Macaurog Guinar | Domalondong [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | |||||||||||
Maribo | Sultan Nasser Magomnang | Maribo [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | |||||||||||
Masiu | Sultan Topaan Disomimba | 4 February 2002 | Masiu [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | ||||||||||
Minitupad | Sultan Pagaranganan Mitmug | Minitupad [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | |||||||||||
Pagayawan | Sultan Mamasaranao Mulok | Pagayawan [fi 3] | Hereditary | [72] | |||||||||||
Ramain | Sultan Patadatu Bayas | 11 December 2002 | Ramain [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | ||||||||||
Rogon | Sultan Bangcola Adtha | Rogon [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] | |||||||||||
Taporog | Sultan Farouk Sharif | July 1998 | Taporog [fi 3] | Hereditary | [81] |
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
State | Constituent | Monarch | Since | House | Typ | Succession | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
![]() |
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | 14 May 2022 | Al Nahyan [me 1] | Limited [me 2] | Hereditary | [85] |
![]() |
Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid Al Nuaimi III | 6 September 1981 | Al Nuaim [me 3] | Hereditary | [85] | ||
![]() |
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid | 4 January 2006 | Al Maktoum [me 4] | Hereditary | [85] | ||
![]() |
Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed | 18 September 1974 | Al Sharqi [me 5] | Hereditary | [85] | ||
![]() |
Sheikh Saud bin Saqr | 27 October 2010 [me 6] | Al Qasimi [me 7] | Hereditary | [85] | ||
![]() |
Sheikh Sultan III bin Mohamed | 23 June 1987 [me 8] | Al Qasimi [me 7] | Hereditary | [85] | ||
![]() |
Sheikh Saud bin Rashid | 2 January 2009 | Al Mu‘alla | Hereditary | [85] |
Notes
Indonesien
- ^ Formally installed on 7 March 1989.
- ^ a b c d A branch of the Kartasura dynasty.
- ^ a b While state law requires that all provincial governors be elected, in the case of Yogyakarta, the sultan is given priority during elections, and therefore is always the default governor. In addition, the reigning Pakualam (see under Java) is normally given preference when selecting the vice-governor. As in other provinces, considerable administrative power is also ceded to the central government.
- ^ a b A branch of the Gelgel dynasty.
- ^ a b The rajas of Denpasar and Pamecutan, two dynastical divisions of the formerly unified kingdom of Badung, both use the hereditary regnal name "Pemecutan". Ngurah Jambe of Denpasar is formally referred to as Pemecutan IX, while Ngurah Manik of Pamecutan is known as Pemecutan XI. The numerical appendages are not interconnected.
- ^ a b c A branch of the Badung dynasty.
- ^ The previous head of the royal family and the last recognised king of Ubud, Tjokorda Gde Agung Sukawati, died in 1978. His eldest son, Gde Putra, is the present head of the family. He has not yet been installed as king, however, and instead serves as prince regent.
- ^ a b c A Banjar dynasty.
- ^ a b A Dayak dynasty.
- ^ a b A Bugis dynasty.
- ^ Also known as the Alkadrie, Kadriah, or Kadariah dynasty.
- ^ Muhammad Tarhan succeeded as head of the royal family following the death of his father in 2008. Like his father, however, he has not been installed as sultan, and instead acts as prince regent. He is also a minor, born in 1993.
- ^ Also commonly written as Sampang.
- ^ Muhammad Ikhsani Syafiuddin was recognised as Panembahan of Sintang by the government in 2003. He was formally enthroned as Panembahan Sri Kusuma Negara V on 26 September 2005.
- ^ Muhammad Ismetullah was recognised as Head of the Royal House of Banten when the sultanate was revived in 1985. He was recognised as crown prince in 2003, but has yet to be formally enthroned as sultan.
- ^ a b c A branch of the Cirebon dynasty. In 1662, the sultanate of Cirebon was divided between three branches of the ruling dynasty: (in order of seniority) Kasepuhan, Kanoman, and Kacirebonan. All three lines were nominally restored in 2002.
- ^ Following the death of the previous sultan, Muhammad Djalaluddin, a dispute of succession arose between two of his sons. Muhammad Emiruddin, the current occupant of the palace, is the rightful heir to his father according to the relevant laws of succession. He was actively opposed by his elder half-brother, Muhammad Saladin, who was "installed" by his supporters on 5 March 2003. Saladin later renounced his claim on 12 September 2003, and the local government has recognised Emiruddin as the sole successor.
- ^ a b Now it covers the entire Sumedang Regency area.
- ^ Also commonly known as Solo.
- ^ Upon the death of Pakubuwono XII in 2004, with no successor named, there arose two rival claims to the throne. Two of his sons, Hangabehi and Tejowulan, each had themselves "crowned" as the next Susuhunan. The dispute likely still exists, although family consensus apparently favours the elder brother, Hangabehi, who is also the sole titleholder recognised by the government. In either case, both claimants would use the regnal name of Pakubuwono XIII.
- ^ The sultan is selected from amongst a group of royal candidates by a council of the family's four main branches: Iskandar Alam, Tarafannur, Kamarullah, and Tunggulawang, each of which is descended from a past sultan. Since 1797, the sultans have been exclusively of the Kamarullah branch.
- ^ Lodewijk was selected as raja on 24 May 2005. He was installed later, in December of the same year.
- ^ A branch of the House of Pesulima, which is descended from the Majapahit kings of Java.
- ^ Since 1380, the rulers of Ternate have also held the title Kolano Maloko, which denotes supremacy among the Moluccan sultanates. Prior to then it had been worn by the ruler of Jailolo.
- ^ The royal family of is well known for producing albino kings, hence the king is often called Raja Bule.
- ^ The royal family of Atiati is descended from the neighbouring dynasty of Rumbati (Menaue Bauw).
- ^ The royal family of Fatagar is descended from the neighbouring dynasty of Rumbati.
- ^ a b A Kowiai dynasty.
- ^ The last raja of Patipi, Usman Iba, died in 2003. His brother, Achmad Iba, served as regent until 2022 when the late raja's son, the Raja Muda Atarai Iba ascended the throne.
- ^ A sept of the Koeman Iba clan, which descends from the Segera tribe of Kampung Patipi Pasir.
- ^ Herman Dupe was the last reigning manek of Bokai, effectively ruling from 1961 until the state was abolished by the Indonesian government in 1968. Presumably, recognition of his title was abolished concurrently. The date of the nominal restoration of this monarchy is not known.
- ^ Formal enthronement took place in 2000.
- ^ The last manek of Dengka died in 1970. His heir apparent, who has not yet acceded to the throne, is Prince Jeremias Tungga. At present, Prince Godlief Eliazar Tungga serves as prince regent.
- ^ The last manek of Korbafo, Leoanan Nathaniel Manubulu, died in 2000. The throne has remained vacant since then.
- ^ The last manek of Landu, Marthen Matheos Johannes, died in 2008. His son Willem Marthen Johannes is the heir apparent, but has not been enthroned. He serves as prince regent.
- ^ Formal enthronement took place in 2004.
- ^ The last manek of Ringgou, Hendrik Daoed, died in 2002. His son Christian Daoed is the heir apparent, but has not yet been enthroned. He serves as prince regent.
- ^ Known within his community as "Bea". According to sources, the throne was scheduled to pass to Soleman's brother, Joël Amalo, in 2009. This has not been confirmed.
- ^ The last manek of Thie, Benjamin Messakh, died in 2010. His successor has yet to be confirmed.
- ^ The last raja, Adam Ardjad Lamarauna, died in 2006. His son and heir, Wajar Lamarauna, has yet to be formally installed as his successor.
- ^ The present tomundo, born in 1993, is a minor, and reigns alongside a regent.
- ^ The throne of the arung of Barru has been vacant for over fifty years. Since then, the head of the royal family is Hasanuddin Petta Tawang, who acts as regent.
- ^ Also written as Butung, or in Dutch as Boeton.
- ^ The deposed monarchy of Gowa, also known after its capital Makassar, was nominally restored by the government in 2001. The throne of the Somba has been vacant since then. The current head of the royal family (since 1978), and heir to the throne, is Andi Kumala Karaeng Sila.
- ^ The throne of the mokole of Mori is vacant. The present head of the royal family is Kumampu Marunduh. There are reportedly plans to install a young prince as mokole in the near future.
- ^ Became head of the royal family upon the death of his father on 6 April 1980; he was formally enthroned later in May.
- ^ Also commonly written as Bakkara.
- ^ Also known by his birth name, Tonggo Tua Sinambela. It is unclear whether or not he has been recognised, or enthroned.
- ^ A Batak dynasty.
- ^ The present sultan, born in 1997, is a minor. His grand uncle, the Raja Muda Tengku Hamdi Osman, acts as regent.
- ^ The Pagaruyung kingdom was traditionally headed by a tripartite monarchy, consisting of the Raja Alam, the Raja Adat and the Raja Ibadat, collectively known as the "Kings of the Three Seats". The latter two were religious titles, while the first was considered the paramount ruler (or emperor) of the temporal world.
- ^ a b A Minangkabau dynasty. The seat of the Minangkabau emperor, who is considered the paramount monarch of all Minangkabauw people in Sumatra and Malaya, is Pagaruyung.
- ^ Formally enthroned in January 2003, after having been recognised by the government.
- ^ Known within his community as "Gia".
- ^ a b c An Atoni dynasty.
- ^ An Atoni dynasty. Maternally, members of the royal family also belong to the Nitbani and Asbanu clans.
- ^ The royal family of Amarasi was originally an Atoni dynasty. However, the current lineage is descended from the Dj'awa dynasty of Savu.
- ^ Formally enthroned in March 2007.
- ^ a b A Topass dynasty.
- ^ Known within his community as "Olis", or "Ulis".
- ^ Kupang, named after its capital, was formed as a confederation of Timorese fiefdoms: Amabi, Foenay, Sonbai Kecil, Taebenu, and the Helong. Leopold Nisnoni, known within his community as "Isu", is the chief of Sonbai Kecil, and has also been accepted as ruler of the confederacy. The other chiefs are: Gideon Broery of Amabi,[48] Esthon Leyloh of Foenay (also spelled Funai),[49] and Daud Tanof of Taebenu.[citation needed] The present chief of the Helong nation is Soleman Bislissin.[50] They are all hereditary positions.
- ^ Leopold succeeded as head of the royal family of Sonbai Kecil upon the death of his father on 14 November 1992. He was proclaimed regent of the Kupang confederacy in 1993. He was formally installed as king in 2004.
- ^ While the elected loros do not belong to any one royal lineage, succession has historically been limited to the Bunak people.
- ^ Lamaknen was formed as a confederation of small Timorese fiefdoms. Its monarch is elected by the hereditary chiefs of each constituent state. The chiefs themselves are not normally considered candidates for election.
- ^ Originally subordinate to the Sonbai kingdom under the name of Amakono.
- ^ The recognised liurai died in 2003. His longtime rival, Dominikus Tei Serang, from another branch of the royal family, was "enthroned" by his supporters on 9 August 2003. It is unclear whether his title has been recognised. At present, there are other claimants to the throne.
- ^ A Tetun dynasty.
- ^ Sovereignty in Barnusa was historically divided between two ruling clans: the Baso and the Blegur, the leaders of which both wore the title Raja of Barnusa. The Blegur raja was later given the lesser title Kapitan by the Dutch colonial government. The title remains hereditary and prestige is traditionally divided equally. The current Kapitan is Bastian C. Blegur (since 1973).
- ^ Pending his formal coronation as Sultan Bima XV, Iskandar Zulkarnain wears the title of crown prince. Acting as princess regent (since May 2001) is his aunt, Siti Maryam Salahuddin.
- ^ Became head of the royal family upon the death of his father on 3 May 2001. He was invested with the title of heir apparent later in June, but has not yet been formally enthroned as sultan.
- ^ Dompu's last sultan was Muhammad Tajularifin Sirajuddin II, who died in 1964. Since then, the throne has remained vacant, and succession is disputed between two of the late sultan's sons: Prince Abdul Azis, and his younger half-brother Prince Kaharul Zaman. Neither have been enthroned, although the latter is apparently considered the head of the family.
- ^ A sept of the Taruwamang clan.
- ^ The current dynasty is descended from the royal family of Terengganu, and are of mixed Malay and Bugis descent. Historically, the sultan's family, who were Malay, was based in Lingga, whilst a viceroy, who was always of Bugis descent, governed the Riau Islands. The two ruling lines merged in 1899.
Malaysia
- ^ Formally installed on the following day. Tengku Ibrahim ruled as prince regent between 26 April 1984 and 25 April 1989, whilst the incumbent sultan ruled as King of Malaysia.
- ^ Prior to his assumption of the throne, Tuanku Muhammad Faris Petra had been serving as prince regent since 25 May 2009 on behalf of his father, Sultan Ismail Petra, after the elder suffered a delibitating stroke. In September 2010, the elder sultan was constitutionally deposed by the state's Succession Council in favour of Muhammad Faris.
- ^ Negeri Sembilan is a confederation of six states. Seri Menanti is the name of the state from which the ruling line of Negeri Sembilan derives. It is a branch of the Minangkabau dynasty.
- ^ The Yang di-Pertuan Besar is chosen for life by the Undang Laut (four ruling chiefs of the confederated states of Negeri Sembilan) from amongst four royal princes. These princes are selected by the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar from amongst the senior members of the ruling line of Seri Menanti.
- ^ Coronation took place on 15 January 2019.
- ^ Coronation took place on 6 May 2015.
- ^ Formally installed on the following day. Sharafuddin, then known as Tengku Idris Shah, ruled as prince regent between 26 April 1999 and 21 November 2001, whilst the incumbent sultan ruled as King of Malaysia.
- ^ The current ruling family of Selangor is a Bugis dynasty.
- ^ Formally installed 26 May 1998. Coronation took place on 4 March 1999. Tuanku Mizan had served as acting sultan between 20 October and 8 November 1990.
- ^ These traditional chiefdoms are part of the confederacy of Negeri Sembilan, a federated state of Malaysia. The ruling chiefs of Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, and Sungai Ujong form the Undang Laut, who will decide the next Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. Tampin is a separate hereditary principality. Naning is situated in the state of Malacca.
- ^ The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the three highest noble families: the Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin, and Waris Kemin.
- ^ The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the male descendants of the first ruler, following the matrilineal line.
- ^ Naning was part of Negeri Sembilan from 1641 to 1832. It is now part of Malacca.
- ^ The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Jakun and Waris Jawa. The position is, by informal agreement, alternated between the heads of the two houses.
- ^ The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir.
- ^ Formally enthroned on 12 August 2006.
- ^ The Yang di-Pertuan Muda (prince) succeeds according to the laws of male primogeniture, but must also receive confirmation from the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
Philippinen
- ^ The Kingdom of Lanao, or Ranao, is traditionally a federation composed of sixteen primary sultanates. Each sultanate, headed by an hereditary royal house, represents a different clan of the Maranaos. In addition to the primary sultanates, there are a further twenty-eight lesser (termed "legislative") sultanates, which are the guardians of the Maranao taritib (tradition). The federation is headed by a supreme sultan, chosen from amongst the royal lineages of the lesser sultanates. The sixteen primary sultans are also listed above; the others are not. This customary system of traditional society is recognised by the Philippine government.
- ^ The throne of Maguindanao is under Macapado Benito since the assassination of the last sultan, Amir bin Muhammad Baraguir, in early 2006. His eldest son, Ammar Yassir, is prince regent and head of the royal household.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p A clan of the Maranaos.
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
- ^ The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Falahi, a clan of the Yas tribe.
- ^ The emirates, whilst absolute at the regional level, also forfeit a portion of their sovereignty and administrative power to the federal government.
- ^ A branch of the Al Shamsi tribe.
- ^ The Al Maktoum are a branch of the Al Falasi, a clan of the Yas tribe.
- ^ A branch of the Sharqiyyin tribe.
- ^ Saud had served as deputy ruler since 14 June 2003, effectively ruling in place of his father, Saqr bin Mohammad, who suffered from poor health.
- ^ a b A branch of the Al Qawasim tribe.
- ^ Sultan was initially enthroned as emir on 25 January 1972. On 17 June 1987, he was briefly deposed by his brother, Sheikh Abdul'aziz bin Muhammad, for a period of six days. Sultan regained the throne on 23 June.
Others
- ^ The Bohmong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Marma population, and the traditional king of the Bohmong Circle (Bohmong Htaung), one of three tribal circles in Bandarban District, Chittagong Hill Tracts.
- ^ The Chakma Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Chakma population, and the traditional king of the Chakma Circle, one of three tribal circles located in Rangamati Hill District, Chittagong Hill Tracts.
- ^ The Mong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Arakanese population, and the traditional king of the Mong Circle (Phalang Htaung), one of three tribal circles in Khagrachari District, Chittagong Hill Tracts.
- ^ Coronation took place 17 January 2009.
- ^ The kings of the five traditional states known collectively as the Dangs are the only royals in India whose titles are recognised by the government. Each raja receives an annual pension from the state, owing to an agreement made with the British colonial government in 1842.
- ^ The current Raja of Gadhvi has been missing since 1992. His son and heir, Karan Singh, is acting as prince regent.
- ^ After the neighbouring kingdom of Ambeno was annexed in 1912, the state changed its name to Oecusse-Ambeno.
- ^ Antonio was recognised as liurai in 2001, but has not been installed.
- ^ A Topass dynasty.
See also
- Ethnarch
- List of monarchies
- Lists of monarchs
- Royal and noble ranks
- Traditional authority
- List of current constituent African monarchs
- List of current constituent Asian monarchs
- List of current constituent monarchs
- Lists of office-holders
- Heads of former ruling families
- Imperial, royal and noble ranks
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign
- Monarchy
- Traditional authority
- Lists of office-holders
- Nobility
- Royal and noble ranks
- African royalty
- Royalty in the Americas
- Asian royalty
- European royalty
- Oceanian royalty
- Dynasties by continents
- Monarchs by continent
- Tribal chiefs
References
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Further reading
- Cahoon, Ben (2000–2010). "World Statesmen.org". Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Soszynski, Henry (1996–2010). "Genealogical Gleanings". University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Tick, Donald P. (2004–2008). "Indonesia Pusaka". Blogger. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Tick, Donald P. (2008–2010). "Kingdoms of Indonesia (Kerajaan Indonesia)". Blogger. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Tick, Donald P. (2007–2010). "Royal Timor: Kings, Rajas and Dynasties of Timor". Retrieved 28 April 2010.
- Van Klinken, Gerry (2007). "Return of the Sultans: The Communitarian Turn in Local Politics". The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism. London: Routledge: 149–169. SSRN 1309406.