Gunggari people

The Gunggari (/ˈgʊŋgəri/ GUUNG-gə-ree), or Kunggari, are an Aboriginal Australian tribe of southern Queensland. The traditional land of the Gunggari centres on the Maranoa River and overlaps with the land of the surrounding Mandandanji, Kooma, Kunja, Margany, Dharawala, Bidjara and Nguri peoples. They are to be distinguished from the Kuungkari, who also border Dharawala country.

Land

The traditional lands of the Gunggari stretch over some 8,200 square miles (21,000 km²), taking in the Upper Nebine and Mungallala creeks from Bonna Vonna and Ballon north to Morven and Mungallala.

Sprache

Main article: Gunggari language

The Gunggari language is a member of the Maric language family. It is closely related to, and sometimes considered a dialect of neighbouring Bidjara and Manandanji languages.As of 2021, there are only 3 native speakers. Since 2013, the language has been taught in St Patrick's school, Mitchell and is being actively revived.

History

The Gunggari people were first contacted by Europeans in 1846 when Commissioner of Crown Lands, Roderick Mitchell, and his father, surveyor Thomas Mitchell, was on an expedition through the Maranoa District. The following year, Ludwig Leichhardt also made contact

In 1854, Edmund Morey occupied the Mitchell Downs pastoral run, which, after its conversion to a hotel, began the growth of Mitchell. This was resisted by the Gunggari people.

After Australia's federation in 1901, the Australian Government began the systemic removal of many Australian Aboriginals from their native lands. In 1906-1907, a number of Gunggari people were removed from the Forest Vale region. Many Aboriginal people of the region took refuge on the Yumba, a shantytown to the east of Mitchell. The Yumba contained houses and humpies, and a schoolhouse until its relocation to Mitchell State School in 1948. In 1968, citing safety concerns from the lack of a sanitation system, the Yumba was demolished and the residents were forced to move into the neighbouring towns.

In the early 1990s, the Yumba's old schoolhouse was returned to the Yumba after successful lobbying from local Aboriginal people. It now stands as a museum of the Yumba.

A 1996 court case permitted Tenneco Energy Australia to install a pipeline through Gunggari, Mandandanji and Bidjarra land. The proposal for a pipeline was approved after the initial application, although this approval was later revoked by the Gunggari people. Smith on behalf of The Gunggari People v Tenneco Energy Queensland Pty. Ltd and The State of Queensland and Goolburri Aboriginal Corporation Land Council ruled that Tenneco Energy could carry on with construction.

In 2012, the Gunggari People were granted native title over 1,184km² of land. In 2014, a further 146.2km² was granted as native title. After a third determination, the Gunggari People have native title over approximately 19,400km² of land, greatly exceeding the initial application for 13589.2km of land.

Social Organisation

According to information supplied by James Lalor to Alfred William Howitt, the Gunggari clan names were as follows:

• Urgilla. Totem = Ngorgu (Kangaroo)
• Anbeir. Totem = Bondun (Bandicoot)
• Wango. Totems =(a)Tonga (opossum) (b)Bulbora (flying fox)
• Ubur. Totems = (a) Tambool (Brown snake) (b)Abboia (lizard)

Native title

The Gunggari people received a positive determination of native title in 2012. This is now administered by the Gunggari Native Title Aboriginal Corporation (GNTAC), a Registered Native Title Body Corporate (RNTBC). More information on native title in Australia and Gunggari land and culture is available at the GNTAC website.

Notable people

• Johnathan Thurston (b. 1983), former rugby league player

Alternative names

• Congaro
• Coongurri
• Gungari, Gunggari, Goongarree
• Kogai (language name)
• Kogurre
• Kungeri
• Kungri
• Ngaragari. (Koamu word for the tongue spoken between Bollon and Nebine Creek)
• Unggari
• Unggri, Unghi
• Ungorri

Sources

• Barlow, Harriott (1873). "Vocabulary of Aboriginal Dialects of Queensland". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 2: 165–175. doi:10.2307/2841159. JSTOR 2841159.
• Cameron, A. L. P. (1904). "On two Queensland tribes". Science of Man. 7 (2). Sydney: 27–29.
• Caruana, Patrick (22 June 2012). "Gunggari win south Qld native title claim". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
• "Gambara Gamu Biyu: Gunggari Language" (PDF). State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
• "Gunggari Native Title Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC". National Native Title Council. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
• Howitt, Alfred William (1904). The native tribes of south-east Australia (PDF). Macmillan.
• "Native title recognition for the Gunggari People of Queensland". National Native Title Tribunal. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
• Ridley, William (1861). "Journal of a Missionary tour among the Aborigines of the Western Interior of Queensland, in the year 1855, by the rev. William Ridley, B.A." (PDF). In Lang, J. D. (ed.). Queensland, Australia; a highly eligible field for emigration, and the future cotton-field of Great Britain: with a disquisition on the origin, manners, and customs of the aborigines. London: E. Stanford. pp. 435–445.
• Ridley, William (1873). "Report on Australian Languages and Traditions". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 2: 257–275. doi:10.2307/2841174. JSTOR 2841174.
• Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Kunggari (QLD)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.