Trilled affricate: Difference between revisions

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This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

In articulatory phonetics, trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,^[1] as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wariʼ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.

Sound (voiceless)	IPA	Languages	Sound (voiced)	IPA	Languages
Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate	[pʙ̥]	Not attested in any natural language.	Voiced trilled bilabial affricate	[bʙ]	Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u]
Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate	[tr̥]	Ngkoth	Voiced trilled alveolar affricate	[dr]	Nias, Fijian and Avava also have this sound after [n].
Voiceless epiglottal affricate	[ʡʜ]	Not attested in any natural language.	Voiced epiglottal affricate	[ʡʢ]	Hydaburg Haida. Cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].^[2]

In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.^[3] In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, [ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝], be simple stops, [ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ], or standard affricates, [ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ].

Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, [t̪͡ʙ̥] (occasionally written [tᵖ]) is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. This sound also appears as an allophone of the labialized voiceless alveolar stop /tʷ/ of Abkhaz and Ubykh, but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop [t͡p]. In the Chapacuran languages, [tʙ̥] is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as [o] and [y].

Hydaburg Haida [ʡʢ] is cognate to Southern Haida [ɢ], Masset Haida [ʕ].^[4]

References

^ Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
^ "Bessell 1993" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-05.
^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. p. 131
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[1] Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

[2] "Bessell 1993" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-05.

[3] Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. p. 131

[4] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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+{{short description|Consonants with a stop beginning and trill release}}
 {{IPA notice}}
-'''Trilled affricates''', also known as '''post-trilled consonants''', are [[consonants]] which begin as a [[stop consonant|stop]] and have a [[trill consonant|trill]] release. These consonants are reported to exist in some [[Northern Paman languages]] in [[Australia]],<ref>[[Kenneth L. Hale|Hale, Kenneth]] (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: ''Languages of Cape York'', ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.</ref> as well as in some [[Chapacuran languages]] such [[Wariʼ language]] and [[Austronesian languages]] such as [[Fijian language|Fijian]] and [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]].
+In [[articulatory phonetics]], '''trilled affricates''', also known as '''post-trilled consonants''', are [[consonants]] which begin as a [[stop consonant|stop]] and have a [[trill consonant|trill]] release. These consonants are reported to exist in some [[Northern Paman languages]] in [[Australia]],<ref>[[Kenneth L. Hale|Hale, Kenneth]] (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: ''Languages of Cape York'', ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.</ref> as well as in some [[Chapacuran languages]] such [[Wariʼ language]] and [[Austronesian languages]] such as [[Fijian language|Fijian]] and [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]].
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 |-
 | Voiceless epiglottal affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʜ]}} || Not attested in any natural language. || Voiced epiglottal affricate || {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} ||  Hydaburg [[Haida language|Haida]].  Cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |title= Bessell 1993 |access-date=2015-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185927/http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
 |}