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{{Short description|Ongoing military conflict in Sudan}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
<!-- THE RESULT OF THE MOVE REQUEST FOR 24 APRIL WAS ALREADY CLOSED. DON'T POST ANOTHER BOX ABOUT MOVING IT TO CIVIL WAR USING THAT DATE -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| width =
| partof = the [[Sudanese Civil War|Sudanese Civil Wars]]
| image = 2023 Sudan clashes.svg
| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| caption = Military situation as of {{date}}
{{leftlegend|#FFCCCC| Controlled by [[Sudanese Armed Forces]]}}
{{leftlegend|#CAE7C4| Controlled by [[Rapid Support Forces]]}}
{{leftlegend|#E3D975| Controlled by [[SPLM-N]] (al-Hilu)}}
([[Template:2023 Sudan conflict detailed map|Detailed map]])
| date = {{Start and end dates|2023|04|15|present|df= y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=04|day1=15|year1=2023}})
| place = [[Sudan]]
| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = *Rapid Support Forces occupy parts of the capital [[Khartoum]] and [[Darfur]] region, including [[Khartoum International Airport]], [[Nyala, Sudan|Nyala]], [[Kabkabiya]], [[Ed Daein]], and [[Geneina]]<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-04-17 |title=Sudan: Deadly Sudan Army-RSF Clashes Spark Human Tragedy, Widespread Looting in Darfur |newspaper=Dabanga |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202304180016.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419021345/https://allafrica.com/stories/202304180016.html |archive-date=2023-04-19 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/16/sudan-fighting-rages-for-second-day-despite-un-proposed-ceasefire |last=Salih |first=Zeinab |date=16 April 2023 |title=Sudan fighting rages for second day despite UN-proposed ceasefire |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416191956/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/16/sudan-fighting-rages-for-second-day-despite-un-proposed-ceasefire|archive-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
*Disputed control of government sites
| result = Ongoing
| status = [[List of ongoing armed conflicts|Ongoing]]
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Sudanese Armed Forces]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North|SPLM-N]] (Agar faction)<ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2023 |title=Malik Agar reveals government-proposed roadmap to end Sudan's war |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275848/ |access-date=15 August 2023}}</ref>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Sudan Liberation Movement]] (Tambour faction)<ref name="SLM">{{Cite news |date=1 August 2023 |title=SLM faction joins Sudanese army against RSF in Darfur |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275601/ |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Rapid Support Forces]]<hr/><!-- THE SPLM-N IS ALREADY A COMBATANT, whether you place it separately or with one side please do not remove it altogether-->{{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North|SPLM-N]] (al-Hilu faction)<ref name="SPLMN"/><ref name="reserve"/> (June 2023–present)
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces.svg|border=}} [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]]<br> {{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Malik Agar]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sudan Liberation Movement-Army.svg|border=}} [[Mustafa Tambour]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Rapid Support Forces.png|border=}} [[Hemedti]]<hr/>{{flagicon image|Flag of SPLM-N.svg|border=}} [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]]<ref name="SPLMN"/><ref name="reserve"/>
| units1 =
| units2 =
| strength1 = 110,000–120,000<ref name=DW/><br>Unknown
| strength2 = 70,000–150,000<ref name=DW>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2023 |title=Sudan: Stalemates rule out one-man victory |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle|DW]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-stalemates-rule-out-one-man-victory/a-65373902#:~:text=%22The%20range%20of%20the%20RSF,duty%20personnel%2C%22%20she%20added. |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419193223/https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-stalemates-rule-out-one-man-victory/a-65373902#:~:text=%22The%20range%20of%20the%20RSF,duty%20personnel%2C%22%20she%20added. }}</ref><hr/> Unknown
| casualties1 = <!-- CASUALTIES -->4,000–10,000 killed and 6,000–8,000 injured<ref name="4000dabanga">{{cite news|date=16 August 2023|title='Four thousand dead, four million displaced in Sudan conflict' |publisher=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-thousand-dead-four-million-displaced-in-sudan-conflict |access-date=17 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="3000jpost"/><ref name="3000jpost">{{cite news|date=17 June 2023|title=More than 3,000 people killed, 6,000 injured in Sudan conflict|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662|access-date=20 June 2023|archive-date=20 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620061616/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-746662|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="10kcnn">{{cite news|date=26 July 2023|title=10,000 reported killed in one West Darfur city, as ethnic violence ravages Sudanese region|publisher=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/africa/sudan-west-darfur-thousands-killed-intl/index.html|access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="dabanga5k" /><br />3.4 million internally displaced<ref name="refug">{{Cite web |title=UN: One million people flee Sudan as situation 'spirals out of control' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/16/un-one-million-people-flee-sudan-as-situation-spirals-out-of-control |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Aljazeera |language=en}}</ref><br /> 1 million refugees<ref name="refug"/>
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox 2023 Sudan conflict}} {{Campaignbox Sudan internal conflicts}}
| conflict = 2023 Sudan conflict
}}
<!--Do not include bold or "the 2023 Sudan conflict is..." in the first line; see [[MOS:AVOIDBOLD]] and [[MOS:REDUNDANCY]]-->

An armed conflict between the [[Sudanese Armed Forces]] (SAF) and the [[paramilitary]] [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF), rival factions of the military government of [[Sudan]], began on 15 April 2023, with the fighting concentrated around the capital city of [[Khartoum]] and the [[Darfur]] region. Later, a faction of the militant [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North]] (SPLM-N) led by [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]], also fought the SAF in regions bordering [[South Sudan]] and [[Ethiopia]].<ref name="SPLMN"/><ref name="reserve"/> As of 15 August 2023, between 4,000 to 10,000 people had been killed and 6,000 to 8,000 others injured,<ref name="4000dabanga"/><ref name="dabanga5k" /><ref name="10kcnn"/> while as of 15 August 2023, 3.4 million were internally displaced and more than a million others had fled the country as refugees.<ref name="refug"/>

The conflict began with attacks by the RSF on government sites as airstrikes, artillery, and gunfire were reported across Sudan. Throughout the conflict, RSF leader [[Hemedti|Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo]] and Sudan's ''de facto'' leader and army chief [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] have disputed control of government sites in Khartoum, including the general military headquarters, the [[Republican Palace, Khartoum|Presidential Palace]], [[Khartoum International Airport]], Burhan's official residence, and the [[Sudan TV|SNBC]] headquarters, as well as states and towns in Darfur and Kordofan. The two sides were then joined by rebel groups who had previously fought against the two sides. Starting in June, the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) attacked army positions in the south of the country.<ref name="SPLMN">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-23 |title=South Kordofan residents flee as Sudan war escalates |language=en |work=[[al-Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/23/South-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates |access-date=2023-06-23 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183037/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/23/South-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="reserve"/> In July, a faction of the [[Sudan Liberation Movement]] led by [[Mustafa Tambour]] (SLM-T) officially joined the conflict in support of the SAF,<ref name="SLM"/> while in August, the rebel Tamazuj movement based in Darfur and Kordofan joined forces with the RSF.<ref name="tamazuj"/>

== Background ==
{{Main|History of Sudan}}
The [[List of conflicts in Sudan|history of conflicts in Sudan]] has consisted of foreign invasions and resistance, [[Ethnic hatred|ethnic tensions]], [[religious violence|religious disputes]], and disputes over resources.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawant |first=Ankush B. |date=1998 |title=Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020881798035003006 |journal=International Studies |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=343–363 |doi=10.1177/0020881798035003006 |s2cid=154750436 |issn=0020-8817 |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144235/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020881798035003006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fluehr-Lobban |first=Carolyn |date=1990 |title=Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4328193 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=610–623 |jstor=4328193 |issn=0026-3141 |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227181754/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4328193 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sudanese Civil War (disambiguation)|Two civil wars]] between the central government and the [[South Sudan|southern regions]] killed 1.5&nbsp;million people, and a [[War in Darfur|conflict in the western region of Darfur]] displaced two million people and killed more than 200,000 others.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan: The basics |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |access-date=2023-04-17 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en |date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415115739/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since [[Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)|independence]] in 1956, Sudan has experienced more than 15 military coups<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabricius |first=Peter |date=31 July 2020 |title=Sudan, a coup laboratory |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/sudan-a-coup-laboratory |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]] |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417070705/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/sudan-a-coup-laboratory |url-status=live }}</ref> and it has been ruled by the military for the majority of that time, interspersed with periods of democratic parliamentary rule.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Biajo |first=Nabeel |date=22 October 2022 |title=Military Rule No Longer Viable in Sudan: Analyst |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/sudan-october-revolution/6799915.html |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=[[Voice of America|VOA Africa]] |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417070705/https://www.voaafrica.com/a/sudan-october-revolution/6799915.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan is sliding towards civil war |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/04/20/sudan-is-sliding-towards-civil-war |access-date=2023-05-12 |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511163325/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/04/20/sudan-is-sliding-towards-civil-war |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== War in Darfur and formation of the RSF ===
By the turn of the 21st century, Sudan's western [[Darfur]] region had endured prolonged instability and social strife due to a combination of racial and ethnic tensions and disputes over land and water. In 2003 this erupted into a full-scale rebellion against government rule, against which president and [[Military dictatorship|military strongman]] [[Omar al-Bashir]] vowed forceful action. The resulting [[War in Darfur]] was marked by widespread state-sponsored acts of violence, leading to charges of [[war crime]]s and [[Darfur genocide|genocide]] against al-Bashir.<ref name="Abdelaziz-2023">{{Cite news |last1=Abdelaziz |first1=Khalid |last2=Eltahir |first2=Nafisa |last3=Eltahir |first3=Nafisa |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan's army chief, paramilitary head ready to de-escalate tensions, mediators say |publisher=Reuters |editor-last=MacSwan |editor-first= Angus |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-politicians-blame-bashir-loyalists-discord-2023-04-14/ |url-status=live |url-access= registration |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230415191940/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-politicians-blame-bashir-loyalists-discord-2023-04-14/ |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> The initial phase of the conflict left approximately 300,000 dead and 2.7 million forcibly displaced; though the intensity of the violence later declined, the region remained far from peaceful.<ref name=PathtoPower>{{cite web|first1=Samy|last1=Magdy|first2=Joseph|last2=Krauss|url=https://apnews.com/article/b5eba878a74445eb90febe4ec9231917|title=Sudanese general's path to power ran through Darfur|work=Associated Press|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 May 2023|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426213242/https://apnews.com/article/b5eba878a74445eb90febe4ec9231917|url-status=live}}</ref>

In order to crush uprisings by non-Arab tribes in the [[Nuba Mountains]], al-Bashir relied upon the [[Janjaweed]], a collection of [[Arab people|Arab]] militias drawn from camel-trading tribes active in Darfur and portions of [[Chad]]. In 2013, al-Bashir announced that the Janjaweed would be reorganized as the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF) and placed under the command of Janjaweed commander [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo]], more commonly known as Hemedti.<ref name=FearedForce>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters |title=Who is 'Hemedti', general behind Sudan's feared RSF force? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427222622/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters |archive-date=27 April 2023 |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="AtStakeRegion">{{cite news |last1=Fulton |first1=Adam |last2=Holmes |first2=Oliver |date=2023-04-25 |title=Sudan conflict: why is there fighting and what is at stake in the region? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/25/sudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-happening |access-date=2023-04-26 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503000543/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/sudan-conflict-why-is-there-fighting-what-is-at-stake |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NoMercy>Harriet Barber, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/sudan-unrest-militia-rapid-support-forces-janjaweed/ 'Men with no mercy': The vicious history of Sudan's Rapid Support Forces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426213242/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/sudan-unrest-militia-rapid-support-forces-janjaweed/ |date=26 April 2023}}, ''Telegraph'' (25 April 2023).</ref><ref name=Georgy>Michael Georgy, [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-hemedti-carved-route-power-by-crushing-darfur-revolt-2023-04-15/ How Sudan's Hemedti carved his route to power] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424150330/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-hemedti-carved-route-power-by-crushing-darfur-revolt-2023-04-15/ |date=24 April 2023 }}, Reuters (April 15, 2023)</ref> The RSF perpetrated mass killings, mass rapes, pillage, torture, and destruction of villages and were accused of committing [[ethnic cleansing]] against the [[Fur people|Fur]], [[Masalit people|Masalit]], and [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]].<ref name=NoMercy/> Leaders of the RSF have been indicted for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC),<ref name=FactBoxRSF>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/who-are-sudans-rapid-support-forces-2023-04-13/ Factbox: Who are Sudan's Rapid Support Forces?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414114321/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/who-are-sudans-rapid-support-forces-2023-04-13/ |date=14 April 2023 }}, Reuters (April 15, 2023).</ref> but Hemedti was not personally implicated in the 2003–2004 atrocities.<ref name=PathtoPower/> In 2017, a new law gave the RSF the status of an "independent security force".<ref name=NoMercy/> Hemedti received several gold mines in Darfur as patronage from al-Bashir, and his personal wealth grew substantially.<ref name=FactBoxRSF/><ref name=Georgy/> Bashir sent RSF forces to quash a 2013 uprising in South Darfur and deployed RSF units to [[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|fight in Yemen]] and [[Second Libyan Civil War|Libya]].<ref name=AtStakeRegion/> During this time, the RSF developed a working relationship with the Russian private military outfit [[Wagner Group]].<ref name="CNN Paramilitary">{{Cite news |last1=Elbagir |first1=Nima |last2=Qiblawi |first2=Tamara |date=15 April 2023 |title=How paramilitary group leader Dagalo has consolidated power in Sudan |language=en-UK |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/africa/live-news/sudan-army-paramilitary-palace-news-04-15-23/ |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416004524/https://edition.cnn.com/africa/live-news/sudan-army-paramilitary-palace-news-04-15-23 |url-status=live}}</ref> These developments ensured that RSF forces grew into the tens of thousands and came to possess thousands of [[Technical (vehicle)|armed pickup trucks]] which regularly patrolled the streets of Khartoum.<ref name= "CNN Paramilitary" /> The Bashir regime allowed the RSF and other armed groups to proliferate to prevent threats to its security from within the armed forces, a practice known as "[[coup-proofing]]".<ref name="AJLiveNews">{{Cite news |last1=Uras |first1=Umut |last2=Gadzo |first2=Mersiha |last3=Siddiqui |first3=Usaid |title=Sudan updates: Explosions, shooting rock Khartoum |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/sudan-unrest-live-news-explosions-shooting-rock-khartoum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415095207/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/sudan-unrest-live-news-explosions-shooting-rock-khartoum |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-15 |work=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>

===Political transition===
{{Main|Sudanese transition to democracy}}
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, 2019 (cropped).jpg
| caption1 = [[Transitional Sovereignty Council|Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council]], [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]].
| image2 = Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo 2022 (cropped).jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Rapid Support Forces|Commander of the Rapid Support Forces]], [[Hemedti|Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo]].
| total_width = 325
}}

In December 2018, protests against al-Bashir's regime began, starting the first phase of the [[Sudanese Revolution]]. Eight months of sustained civil disobedience were met with violent repression.<ref name=MEETimeline>
[https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-turmoil-bashir-fall-fighting-khartoum-timeline Sudan timeline: From the fall of Bashir to street-fighting in Khartoum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423093524/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-turmoil-bashir-fall-fighting-khartoum-timeline |date=23 April 2023}}, ''Middle East Eye'' (18 April 2023).
</ref> In April 2019, the military (including the RSF) [[2019 Sudanese coup d'état|ousted al-Bashir in a coup d'état]], ending his three decades of rule; the army established the [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Transitional Military Council]], a [[military junta|junta]].<ref name=MEETimeline/><ref name=FactBoxRSF/><ref name=Georgy/> Bashir was imprisoned in Khartoum; he was not turned over to the ICC, which had [[International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur|issued warrants for his arrest on charges of war crimes]].<ref name=DealRestoreTransition>Jack Jeffrey & Samy Magdt, [https://apnews.com/article/sudan-military-democracy-coup-d70cdb605bfef095eca113f77e73c68c Deal to restore democratic transition in Sudan delayed again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416120046/https://apnews.com/article/sudan-military-democracy-coup-d70cdb605bfef095eca113f77e73c68c |date=16 April 2023 }}, Associated Press (April 7, 2023).</ref> [[2019–2022 Sudanese protests|Protests calling for civilian rule]] continued; in June 2019, the RSF perpetrated the [[Khartoum massacre]], in which more than a hundred demonstrators were killed<ref name=MEETimeline/><ref name=Georgy/><ref name=AtStakeRegion/> and dozens were raped.<ref name=AtStakeRegion/> Hemedti denied orchestrating the attack.<ref name=Georgy/>

In August 2019, in response to international pressure and mediation by the [[African Union]] and Ethiopia, the military agreed to share power in an interim joint civilian-military [[unity government]] (the [[Transitional Sovereignty Council]]), headed by a civilian Prime Minister, [[Abdalla Hamdok]], with [[2023 Sudanese general election|elections which will be held in 2023]].<ref name="Abdelaziz-2023" /><ref name=MEETimeline/> [[2021 Sudan coup d'état|In October 2021, the military seized power]] in a coup led by [[Sudanese Armed Forces]] (SAF) leader [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] and Hemedti. The Transitional Sovereignty Council was reconstituted as a military junta led by Al-Burhan, monopolizing power<ref name="Olewe">{{cite news |last1=Olewe |first1=Dickens |title=Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64704858 |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=22 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322202324/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64704858 |url-status=live}}</ref> and halting Sudan's transition to democracy.<ref name=DealRestoreTransition/>

===Origins of the SPLM-N and the SLM===
The SPLM-N was founded by units of the predominantly South Sudanese [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement|Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army]] stationed in areas that remained in Sudan following the [[South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011|South Sudanese vote for independence in 2011]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splmtoday.com/|title=Refinansiering av Forbrukslån Uten Sikkerhet via Splm|website=Splmtoday.com|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507051819/https://www.splmtoday.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> who then led a rebellion in the southern states of [[South Kordofan]] and [[Blue Nile (state)|Blue Nile]] a few months later. In 2017, the SPLM-N split between a faction led by [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]] and one led by [[Malik Agar]] over ideological differences.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68841|title=Al-Mahdi rejects linking peace in Sudan to secular state|work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|date=12 January 2020|access-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113091337/https://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68841 |archive-date=2020-01-13 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the Sudanese Revolution, al-Hilu's faction declared an indefinite unilateral ceasefire.<ref name="victory"/> In 2020, a peace agreement was signed between the Sudanese government and Agar's faction,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/historic-agreement-signed-by-sudan-govt-armed-groups-in-juba|title='Historic agreement' signed by Sudan govt, armed groups in Juba|date=September 2020|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=27 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227135937/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/historic-agreement-signed-by-sudan-govt-armed-groups-in-juba|url-status=live}}</ref> with Agar later joining the Transitional Sovereignty Council in Khartoum. Al-Hilu held out until he agreed to sign a separate peace agreement with the Sudanese government a few months after.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/south-sudan-focus/sudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state |title=Sudan's Government Agrees to Separate Religion and State |author=Michael Atit |work=Voice of America |date=4 September 2020 |access-date=8 September 2020 |archive-date=8 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908010819/https://www.voanews.com/africa/south-sudan-focus/sudans-government-agrees-separate-religion-and-state |url-status=live}}</ref> Further steps to consolidate the agreement stalled following the 2021 coup,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sudantribune.com/article274607/ |title=Sudanese army repels SPLM-N attack in South Kordofan |work=Sudan Tribune |date=21 June 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023}} {{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> and al-Hilu's faction subsequently engaged in clashes with the RSF. On 8 June 2023, al-Hilu's forces, which were nominally based in the Nuba Mountains<ref name="victory"/> began mobilizing around South Kordofan's capital, [[Kadugli]], moving into several army camps and prompting the SAF to reinforce its positions despite an RSF blockade.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/09/Rebel-mobilization-in-Sudan-raises-fears-of-conflict-spreading |title=Rebel mobilization in Sudan raises fears of conflict spreading |work=al-Arabiya |date=9 June 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609070046/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/09/Rebel-mobilization-in-Sudan-raises-fears-of-conflict-spreading |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Sudan Liberation Movement (or Army; SLM, SLA, or SLM/A) is a rebel group active in Darfur, primarily composed of members of non-Arab ethnic groups<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7039360.stm|title=BBC News - Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref> and established in response to their marginalization by the Bashir regime.<ref>Flint, Julie and De Waal, Alexander (2008) ''Darfur: A New History of a Long War'' Zed Books, London, pp. 16-17, {{ISBN|978-1-84277-949-1}}</ref><ref>Jok, Jok Madut (2007) ''Sudán: Race, Religion and Violence'' Oneworld, Oxford, p. 4 {{ISBN|978-1-85168-366-6}}</ref> Since 2006, the movement has split into several factions due to disagreements over the [[Darfur Peace Agreement]], with some factions joining the government in Khartoum.<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/65972.htm "Darfur Peace Agreement Fact Sheet"] Office of the Spokesman, U.S. Department of State, May 2006, from [[Internet Archives]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiodabanga.org/node/9223|title=Minawi announces withdrawal from Abuja Agreement|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/historic-agreement-signed-by-sudan-govt-armed-groups-in-juba|title='Historic agreement' signed by Sudan govt, armed groups in Juba|website=Radio Dabanga|date=September 2020}}</ref>

=== Prelude ===
Tensions between the RSF and the Sudanese junta began to escalate in February 2023, as the RSF began to recruit members from across Sudan. A military buildup in [[Khartoum]] was succeeded by an agreement for de-escalation, with the RSF withdrawing its forces from the Khartoum area.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/stopping-sudans-descent-full-blown-civil-war |title=Stopping Sudan's Descent into Full-Blown Civil War |date=2023-04-20 |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=[[International Crisis Group]] |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423004142/https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/sudan/stopping-sudans-descent-full-blown-civil-war |url-status=live}}</ref> The junta later agreed to hand over authority to a civilian-led government,<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2023 |title=Egypt calls for maximum restraint in Sudan amid military clashes |language=en-UK |work=[[Middle East Monitor]] |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230415-egypt-calls-for-maximum-restraint-in-sudan-amid-military-clashes/ |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415191940/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230415-egypt-calls-for-maximum-restraint-in-sudan-amid-military-clashes/ |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> and it was delayed due to renewed tensions between Burhan and Hemedti, who serve as chairman and deputy chairman of the [[Transitional Sovereignty Council]], respectively.<ref name=DealRestoreTransition/><ref>{{cite news |last=Walsh |first=Declan |date=15 April 2023 |title=Gunfire and Blasts Rock Sudan's Capital as Factions Vie for Control |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/15/world/africa/khartoum-sudan-fighting.html |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415132926/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/15/world/africa/khartoum-sudan-fighting.html |archive-date=15 April 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Chief among their political disputes is the integration of the RSF into the military:<ref name=DealRestoreTransition/><ref name="MEEHowDidWeGetHere">{{cite web |title=Sudan unrest: How did we get here? |work=[[Middle East Eye]] |date=15 April 2023 |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-unrest-how-did-we-get-here |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415133458/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-unrest-how-did-we-get-here |url-status=live}}</ref> The RSF insisted on a 10-year timetable for its integration into the regular army, while the army demanded integration within two years.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |last1=Salih |first1=Zeinab Mohammed |author-link=Zeinab Mohammed Salih |last2=Igunza |first2=Emmanuel |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284945 |url-status=live |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415084000/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284945 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> Other contested issues included the status given to RSF officers in the future hierarchy, and whether RSF forces should be under the command of the army chief rather than Sudan's commander-in-chief, who is al-Burhan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2023 |title=At least 56 killed, hundreds injured in clashes across Sudan as paramilitary group claims control of presidential palace |language=en-UK |work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/ |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416003054/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl |url-status=live}}</ref> They have clashed over authority over sectors of Sudan's economy that are controlled by the two respective factions. As a sign of their rift, Hemedti expressed regret over the October 2021 coup.<ref name="Olewe" />

On 11 April 2023, RSF forces were deployed near the city of [[Merowe, Sudan|Merowe]] as well as in [[Khartoum]].<ref name="Sudan">[https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/sudan-scontri-intorno-al-palazzo-presidenziale-si-teme-un-tentativo-di-golpe-a-khartum/ Sudan: clashes around the presidential palace, there are fears of a coup attempt in Khartoum – video] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230415180407/https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/sudan-al-burhan-e-dagalo-si-contendono-il-potere-in-corso-duri-scontri-a-khartum/|date=15 April 2023}}, 15 April 2023.</ref> Government forces ordered them to leave, and they refused. This led to clashes when RSF forces took control of the Soba military base south of Khartoum.<ref name="Sudan" /> On 13 April, RSF forces began their mobilization, raising fears of a potential rebellion against the junta. The SAF declared the mobilization illegal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fears in Sudan as army and paramilitary force face off |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/13/sudans-army-warns-of-rsfs-movements-in-khartoum-other-cities |access-date=2023-04-15 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414214744/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/13/sudans-army-warns-of-rsfs-movements-in-khartoum-other-cities |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Conflict ==
{{For timeline|Timeline of the 2023 Sudan conflict}}
{{See also|List of military engagements during the 2023 Sudan conflict}}

===April===
On 15 April 2023, the RSF attacked SAF bases across Sudan, including [[Khartoum]] and its airport.<ref name="BBC News"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Fighting broke out in Sudan between national army and RSF militiamen |url=https://sudantribune.com/article272958/ |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415124257/https://sudantribune.com/article272958/}}</ref> Clashes between the two groups occurred at the [[Republican Palace, Khartoum|Presidential Palace]] and at the residence of General al-Burhan.<ref name="aj">{{Cite news |script-title=ar:السودان.. اشتباكات عنيفة بين الجيش وقوات الدعم السريع (لحظة بلحظة) |title= |trans-title= |url=https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415142945/https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-16 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=ar}}</ref> In response, the SAF closed all airports and conducted airstrikes on RSF positions.<ref name="aj" /> There were clashes at the headquarters of the state broadcaster, [[Sudan TV]], which was later captured by RSF forces.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:التلفزيون السوداني يتحدث عن وجود اشتباكات في مقره |url=https://twitter.com/AlArabiya/status/1647201567630663680?cxt=HHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415180354/https://twitter.com/AlArabiya/status/1647201567630663680?cxt=HHwWgIC9gafGhNwtAAAA |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Bridges and roads in Khartoum were closed, and the RSF claimed that all roads heading south of Khartoum were closed.<ref name="Al Jazeera2">{{Cite news |title= |script-title=ar:لحظة بلحظة.. اشتباكات بين الجيش السوداني والدعم السريع |language=ar |trans-title= |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415111143/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> On 16 April, the SAF announced the rescue of a major general and a brigadier, the arrests of multiple RSF officers, and the taking of [[Merowe Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:=عناصر من الجيش ينشرون صورا لدخولهم قاعدة مروي العسكرية #السودان #العربية |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647660109005312000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417064612/https://mobile.twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647660109005312000 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> The Sudan Civil Aviation Authority closed the country's airspace,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shieff |first=Chris |date=16 April 2023 |title=Military Coup: Sudan Airspace Closed |language=en |work=[[OPS Group]] |url=https://ops.group/blog/military-coup-sudan-airspace-closed/#:~:text=On%20April%2016%2C%20Sudan's%20CAA,due%20to%20'security%20reasons.' |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420054206/https://ops.group/blog/military-coup-sudan-airspace-closed/#:~:text=On%20April%2016%2C%20Sudan's%20CAA,due%20to%20'security%20reasons.' |archive-date=20 April 2023}}</ref> and telecommunications provider [[MTN Group|MTN]] shut down Internet services.<ref name="Siddiqui">{{cite news |author1=Arwa Ibrahim |title=Dozens of people killed as Sudan fighting enters second day |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144810/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref> Clashes resumed on 17 April in Khartoum, Omdurman, and Merowe airport.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clashes reported west of Merowe's airport |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref> The SAF claimed control of the headquarters of Sudan TV and state radio in Khartoum,<ref>{{cite news |title=State TV back on air |language=en |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415115739/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> and the RSF released a video on their Twitter page.<ref>{{cite news |title=Competing claims over control of broadcasting corporation HQ |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref>

In an interview with [[Al Jazeera]], [[Hemedti]] accused [[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]] of forcing the RSF to begin confrontations and accused SAF commanders of scheming to bring deposed leader [[Omar al-Bashir]] back to power.<ref name="Al Jazeera" /> On Twitter, Hemedti called for the international community to intervene against Burhan, claiming that the RSF was fighting against radical militants.<ref>{{cite news |title=RSF head calls for international community to intervene |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |access-date=2023-04-17 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415115739/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Fighting between the warring sides continued in Khartoum. The SAF accused the RSF of assaulting civilians and carrying out acts of looting and burning.<ref name="AJ Live News">{{cite news |title=Fighting rages in central Khartoum on fifth day of clashes |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419075222/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down |archive-date=19 April 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref> Witnesses said SAF reinforcements were brought in from near the eastern border with Ethiopia. Although a [[ceasefire]] was announced, fighting continued, with explosions reported in [[El-Obeid]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Clashes in Sudan despite calls for Eid ceasefire |url=https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2054206.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421072521/https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/2054206.html |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.rtl.lu |language=en}}</ref> The SAF regained control over Merowe airport. The RSF claimed to have repelled an SAF attack and shot down two helicopters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan's RSF says it has downed army helicopters |language=en |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref> Shelling and gunfire was reported in Khartoum, [[Khartoum Bahri]], and [[Omdurman]] on the day of [[Eid al-Fitr]], 21 April.<ref name="Muted Eid2">{{cite news |last1=Osman |first1=Mohamed |last2=Booty |first2=Natasha |date=2023-04-21 |title=Sudan fighting: Muted Eid as ceasefire broken |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65344372 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421111134/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65344372 |archive-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> Fighting was described as particularly intense along the highway going to [[Port Sudan]] and in the industrial zone of al-Bagair.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-04-21 |title=Battles 'raging' in Khartoum: AJ correspondent |language=en-GB |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421085011/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule |archive-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> Fighting spread along the main road leading southeast out of the capital.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sudanese army has imposed complete control over Marawi |url=https://twitter.com/alarabiya_brk/status/1649311523095937024?s=46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423004142/https://twitter.com/alarabiya_brk/status/1649311523095937024?s=46 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> The [[Chadian Army]] stopped and disarmed a contingent of 320 Sudanese soldiers who had entered the country from Darfur while fleeing the RSF on 17 April.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-04-19 |title=Chad detains 320 fleeing Sudanese troops |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |access-date=2023-04-20 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 23 April, a series of mass escapes occurred at [[Kobar Prison]] and four other prisons, with over 25,000 detainees escaping.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 April 2023 |title=Inmates break out of Khartoum's Kobar prison |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423080457/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country |archive-date=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 April 2023 |title=Ousted Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir held at army hospital |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/26/ousted-sudanese-president-omar-al-bashir-held-at-army-hospital |access-date=2023-04-27 |archive-date=27 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427074415/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/26/ousted-sudanese-president-omar-al-bashir-held-at-army-hospital |url-status=live}}</ref> There was a near-total Internet outage across the country, which was attributed to electricity shortages caused by attacks on the electric grid.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 April 2023 |title=Near-total collapse of internet connectivity |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423080457/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/23/sudan-fighting-internet-outage-reported-across-the-country |archive-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> The RSF claimed to have captured military manufacturing facilities and a power plant north of Khartoum.<ref name="pickup">{{cite news |date={{date|2023-04-27}} |title=Sudan's Darfur fighting: 'I saw pick-up trucks full of dead people' |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65409733 |access-date={{date|2023-04-28}} |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183038/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65409733 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[World Health Organization]] expressed concern over the [[National Public Health Laboratory crisis|National Public Health Laboratory]], which had been seized by one of the warring sides on 25 April.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-04-25 |title=Sudan crisis: WHO warns of biological hazard at seized lab |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-65390285 |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426042325/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-65390285 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[AP Moller-Maersk]] announced it would stop taking new bookings of goods for Sudan,<ref>{{cite news |date={{date|2023-04-25}} |title=Shipping group Maersk halts Sudan bookings over violence |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |url-status=live |access-date={{date|2023-04-25}} |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425095438/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce }}</ref> and intercommunal clashes were reported in [[Blue Nile (state)|Blue Nile State]] and in [[Geneina]].<ref>{{cite news |date={{date|2023-04-26}} |title=Shaky ceasefire enters second day as Sudanese, foreigners flee |work=France24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230426-ceasefire-shaky-as-sudanese-and-foreigners-flee |access-date={{date|2023-04-26}} |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426111712/http://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230426-ceasefire-shaky-as-sudanese-and-foreigners-flee |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65409733 |title=Sudan's Darfur fighting: 'I saw pick-up trucks full of dead people' |date={{date|2023-04-27}} |work=BBC |access-date={{date|2023-04-28}} |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183038/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65409733 |url-status=live}}</ref> Fighting between the two sides continued, with artillery fire reported in Omdurman, while a 72-hour ceasefire started on 27 April.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-04-24 |title=New Sudan ceasefire announced but doubts remain |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65380154 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425004413/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65380154 |archive-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> On 30 April, the SAF announced it was launching an all-out attack to flush out the RSF in Khartoum using air strikes and artillery.<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Sudan crisis: Air strikes and fighting in Khartoum as truce collapses |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65440528 |access-date=2023-04-30 |work=[[BBC]] |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430133140/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65440528 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Law enforcement in Sudan|Sudanese police]] deployed its Central Reserve Forces in the streets of Khartoum to maintain law and order,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Sudanese police deploy central reserve units in Khartoum |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse |access-date=2023-04-30 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse |url-status=live }}</ref> and the unit later said that it had arrested 316 "rebels", referring to the RSF.<ref name="Gun battles2">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Gun battles rage in central Khartoum despite announced truce |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse |access-date=2023-05-01 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse |url-status=live }}</ref> Local authorities in Khartoum placed civil servants on open-ended leave.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-30 |title=Civil servants in Khartoum put on 'open-ended leave' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse |access-date=2023-04-30 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse |url-status=live }}</ref>

===May ===
The SAF claimed to have weakened the RSF's combat capabilities and repelled their advances in multiple regions.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2023 |title=Sudanese army: RSF's combat capabilities reduced |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501092915/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Air strikes and fighting persisted in areas such as Omdurman, the [[Republican Palace, Khartoum|Presidential Palace]], [[Khartoum North|Khartoum Bahri]], and al-Jerif.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2023 |title=Confrontations continue near Presidential Palace: AJ Correspondent |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501092915/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=2 May 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2023 |title=Confrontations extending to new areas: AJ correspondent |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501092915/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=2 May 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> During this period, both sides made allegations against each other. The RSF claimed to have shot down a fighter jet during SAF airstrikes,<ref>{{cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=Sudan army plane downed amid air raids – RSF |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502140630/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361155 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |access-date=2 May 2023 |website=[[BBC]]}}</ref> while the Sudanese government reported a number of injuries since the conflict began.<ref name="aljazeera.com">{{Cite web |title=Khartoum fighting continues despite new ceasefire in Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/4/khartoum-fighting-continues-despite-new-ceasefire |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504134119/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/4/khartoum-fighting-continues-despite-new-ceasefire |archive-date=2023-05-04 |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> UN relief head Martin Griffiths expressed frustration at the lack of commitment from both sides to end the fighting.<ref name="Griffiths clashes2">{{cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Clashes rock Sudan ceasefire as UN official seeks aid protection |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/3/clashes-rock-sudan-ceasefire-as-un-official-seeks-aid-protection |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503150353/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/3/clashes-rock-sudan-ceasefire-as-un-official-seeks-aid-protection |archive-date=3 May 2023 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>

The situation became more complicated when the Turkish embassy in Khartoum was targeted, resulting in its relocation to Port Sudan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Turkey to move its Sudan embassy after ambassador's car hit |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/turkey-to-move-its-sudan-embassy-after-ambassadors-car-hit |url-status=live |access-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506180922/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/turkey-to-move-its-sudan-embassy-after-ambassadors-car-hit |archive-date=6 May 2023}}</ref> The warring sides signed an agreement in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to ensure the safe passage of civilians, protect relief workers, and prohibit the use of civilians as shields.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |title=Sudan conflict: Army and RSF agree deal to protect civilians |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65569513 |url-status=live |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512095107/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65569513 |archive-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> The agreement did not include a ceasefire, and clashes resumed in [[Geneina]], causing more casualties.<ref name="auto"/> The conflict drew international attention, with the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] voting to increase monitoring of abuses.<ref>{{Cite news |title=UN Rights Council Votes To Strengthen Monitoring Of Abuses In Sudan |work=Barron's |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/un-rights-council-votes-to-strengthen-monitoring-of-abuses-in-sudan-2502ed29 |access-date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183041/https://www.barrons.com/news/un-rights-council-votes-to-strengthen-monitoring-of-abuses-in-sudan-2502ed29 |url-status=live }}</ref> UNICEF reported the destruction of a factory producing food for malnourished children.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan's army and RSF fight on after ceasefire talks fail |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/12/sudans-army-and-rsf-fight-on-after-ceasefire-talks-fail |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513153858/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/12/sudans-army-and-rsf-fight-on-after-ceasefire-talks-fail |url-status=live }}</ref> The situation remained volatile, with both sides trading blame for attacks on churches,<ref name="church attack">{{Cite news |title=Sudan's warring sides trade blame over church attack |language=en-UK |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/3 |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516144238/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/3 |url-status=live }}</ref> hospitals,<ref>{{Cite news |title=No escape, no aid as fighting intensifies in Sudan's West Darfur |language=en-UK |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/19/no-escape-no-aid-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudans-west-darfur |access-date=20 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520021105/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/19/no-escape-no-aid-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudans-west-darfur |url-status=live }}</ref> and embassies.<ref name="Embassy">{{Cite news |title=Sudan hospital hit in air strike and embassy looted |language=en-UK |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/2 |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516141843/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hemedti vowed to continue fighting and expressed his desire to capture and hang Burhan after trial.<ref name="15MayBBCreportedDagaloStatementArchived">{{Cite news |title=Sudan hospital hit in air strike and embassy looted |language=en-UK |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/4 |first=Will|last=Ross|access-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517225701/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197/page/4 |archive-date=17 May 2023}}</ref> Burhan made a public appearance among cheering soldiers, reaffirming their presence in the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan army chief appears in rare video armed with rifle |language=en-UK |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197 |access-date=19 May 2023 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517175609/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 19 May, Burhan removed Hemedti as his deputy in the Transitional Sovereignty Council and replaced him with former rebel leader and council member [[Malik Agar]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan's Burhan sacks paramilitary leader as his deputy |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197 |access-date=19 May 2023 |work=[[BBC]] |language=en-UK |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515115952/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Casualties mounted, particularly in Geneina, where Arab militias loyal to the RSF were accused of atrocities against non-Arab residents.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gunfire and explosions rock Sudan despite ongoing talks |language=en-UK |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197 |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515115952/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361197 |url-status=live }}</ref> A temporary ceasefire was signed and faced challenges as fighting persisted in Khartoum, and the agreed-upon ceasefire time saw further violence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-20 |title=Sudan's army and paramilitary RSF sign seven-day ceasefire |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/air-strikes-hit-khartoums-outskirts-sudans-war-enters-sixth-week-2023-05-20/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521123835/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/air-strikes-hit-khartoums-outskirts-sudans-war-enters-sixth-week-2023-05-20/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 28 and 97 people were reportedly killed by the RSF and Arab militias when they attacked the predominantly [[Masalit people|Masalit]] town of [[Misterei]] in West Darfur on 28 May.<ref name="misterei">{{Cite news|date=11 July 2023|title=Rights group urges probe into Darfur atrocities by Sudanese paramilitary forces battling the army|language=en|work=ABC|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/rights-group-urges-probe-darfur-atrocities-sudanese-paramilitary-101070997|access-date=13 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121716/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/rights-group-urges-probe-darfur-atrocities-sudanese-paramilitary-101070997|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Sudanese defense ministry issued a mobilisation order for army pensioners and capable individuals to join the SAF.<ref name="Perthes2">{{Cite news |date=2023-05-27 |title=United Nations backs Sudan envoy as army seeks to expel him |language=en |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/27/united-nations-backs-sudan-envoy-as-army-seeks-to-expel-him |access-date=2023-05-27 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529152814/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/27/united-nations-backs-sudan-envoy-as-army-seeks-to-expel-him |url-status=live }}</ref> Peace talks between the warring sides were suspended due to violations of the ceasefire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-31 |title=Sudan army suspends participation in Jeddah ceasefire talks |language=en |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/31/sudan-army-suspends-participation-in-jeddah-ceasefire-talks |access-date=2023-06-01 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604124748/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/31/sudan-army-suspends-participation-in-jeddah-ceasefire-talks |url-status=live }}</ref> The conflict resulted in civilian casualties, including attacks on markets<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ross |first=Will |date=2023-06-01 |title=Sudan conflict: Rockets hit Khartoum market as talks collapse |language=en |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65777311 |access-date=2023-06-01 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602130251/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65777311 |url-status=live }}</ref> and abductions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-31 |title=Sudanese doctor 'abducted' after smear campaigns, say family |language=en |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/31/sudanese-doctor-abducted-after-smear-campaigns-say-family |access-date=2023-06-01 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604124832/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/31/sudanese-doctor-abducted-after-smear-campaigns-say-family |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== June ===
Khartoum witnessed tank battles resulting in casualties and injuries.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-01 |title=Situation Report - Horn of Africa no. 442- 1 June 2023 |language=en |work=[[EEPA]] |url=https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-442-1-June-2023.pdf |access-date=2023-06-01 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601171301/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-442-1-June-2023.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Richard |date=2023-06-02 |title=Gunfire around state TV building in Sudan capital - reports |language=en |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361205 |access-date=2023-06-02 |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608024140/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361205 |url-status=live }}</ref> The RSF took control of the [[National Museum of Sudan]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2023 |title=How conflict is jeopardizing Sudan's museums and cultural heritage |language=en-GB |work=[[Arab News]] |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2316531/middle-east |access-date=16 June 2023 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616051522/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2316531/middle-east |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Yarmouk munitions factory]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Arms depot battle rages in Sudan as fuel facility burns |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/7/arms-depot-battle-rages-in-sudan-as-fuel-facility-burns |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619173025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/7/arms-depot-battle-rages-in-sudan-as-fuel-facility-burns |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Police Central Reserve Forces headquarters in Khartoum,<ref name="reserve" /> adding to the instability.<ref name="seventeen">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-17 |title=Sudan crisis: Five children among 17 killed in air strikes |language=en |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65938868 |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618070502/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65938868 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fighting also persisted in various regions, including [[Kutum]], [[Tawila]]<ref name="new killings">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-19 |title=New killings reported in Darfur on second day of Sudan ceasefire |language=en |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/19/africa/sudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629171052/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/19/africa/sudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Geneina]], where hundreds lost their lives and extensive destruction occurred.<ref name="real hell">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-04 |title='Real hell': Deadly fighting escalates in Sudan as truce expires |language=en |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/4/real-hell-deadly-fighting-escalates-in-sudan-as-truce-expires |access-date=2023-06-05 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629170418/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/4/real-hell-deadly-fighting-escalates-in-sudan-as-truce-expires |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="EEPA 06/06/23">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-06 |title=SITUATION REPORT - HORN OF AFRICA No. 445 - 6 June 2023 |language=en |work=[[EEPA]] |url=https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-445-6-June-2023.pdf |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607082433/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-445-6-June-2023.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Acute food insecurity affected a significant portion of Sudan's population.<ref name="EEPA 06/06/23"/>

In Darfur, armed militias were accused of carrying out summary executions,<ref name="new killings"/><ref name="EEPA 26/06/23">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-26 |title=SITUATION REPORT - HORN OF AFRICA No. 457 - 26 June 2023 |language=en |work=[[EEPA]] |url=https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-457-26-June-2023-1.pdf |access-date=2023-06-26 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626161843/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-457-26-June-2023-1.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.<ref name="reserve2">{{cite news |date=26 June 2023 |title=Battle For Key Police Base Kills At Least 14 Sudan Civilians |language=en |work=[[Barron's]] |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-civilians-killed-in-battle-for-khartoum-police-hq-585abefb |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627044335/https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-civilians-killed-in-battle-for-khartoum-police-hq-585abefb |archive-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> The governor of [[West Darfur]], [[Khamis Abakar]], was abducted and killed by armed men hours after accusing the RSF of genocide and calling for international intervention in a TV interview.<ref name="governor">{{cite news |date=2023-06-15 |title=West Darfur governor abducted, killed as war in Sudan spreads |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/15/west-darfur-governor-abducted-killed-as-war-in-sudan-spreads |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629173150/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/15/west-darfur-governor-abducted-killed-as-war-in-sudan-spreads |url-status=live}}</ref> The leaders of seven Arab tribes, including that of Hemedti's, pledged their allegiance to the RSF.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-04 |title=Public support for the RSF from seven tribal leaders in South Darfur |language=en |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/public-support-for-the-rsf-from-seven-tribal-leaders-in-south-darfur |access-date=2023-07-19 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704165104/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/public-support-for-the-rsf-from-seven-tribal-leaders-in-south-darfur |url-status=live}}</ref>

A faction of the militant [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North]] (SPLM-N) led by [[Abdelaziz al-Hilu]] broke a long-standing ceasefire agreement and attacked SAF units in [[Kadugli]], [[Kurmuk]] and [[Dalang, Sudan|al-Dalanj]], the latter coinciding with an attack by the RSF. The SAF claimed to have repelled the attacks,<ref name="reserve">{{Cite news|date=26 June 2023|title=Battle For Key Police Base Kills At Least 14 Sudan Civilians|language=en|work=[[Barron's]]|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-civilians-killed-in-battle-for-khartoum-police-hq-585abefb|access-date=27 June 2023|archive-date=27 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627044335/https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-civilians-killed-in-battle-for-khartoum-police-hq-585abefb|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-23 |title=South Kordofan residents flee as Sudan war escalates |language=en |work=[[al-Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/23/South-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates |url-status=live |access-date=2023-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183037/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/06/23/South-Kordofan-residents-flee-as-Sudan-war-escalates |archive-date=30 June 2023}}</ref> while the rebels claimed to have attacked in retaliation for the death of one of their soldiers at the hands of the SAF and vowed to free the region from "military occupation".<ref name="victory"/> More than 35,000 were displaced by the fighting.<ref name="victory"/> Speculation arose as to whether the attacks were part of an unofficial alliance between al-Hilu and the RSF or an attempt by al-Hilu to strengthen his position in future negotiations concerning his group.<ref>{{cite news|date=2023-07-05|title=South Sudan president persuades SPLM-N al-Hliu to refrain from attacking Sudanese army|language=en|work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|url=https://sudantribune.com/article274860/|access-date=2023-07-16}} {{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Civil society organizations supporting the SPLM-N claimed its operations sought to protect civilians from possible attacks by the RSF.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=SPLM-N launches fresh attacks in South Kordofan amid calls for ceasefire |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275256/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230815130445/https://sudantribune.com/article275256/ |archive-date=2023-08-15 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref>

Ceasefires were announced but often violated, leading to further clashes. The SAF and RSF engaged in mutual blame for incidents, while the Sudanese government took actions against international envoys.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-09 |title=Sudan declares UN envoy Volker Perthes 'persona non grata' |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/9/sudan-declares-un-envoy-volker-perthes-persona-non-grata |access-date=2023-06-09 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628200217/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/9/sudan-declares-un-envoy-volker-perthes-persona-non-grata |url-status=live}}</ref> The Saudi embassy in Khartoum was attacked, and evacuations from an orphanage were carried out amid the chaos.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-08 |title=Saudi Arabia condemns attack on its embassy in Sudan |language=en |work=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65495446 |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606132310/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65495446 |url-status=live}}</ref> The United States imposed sanctions on firms associated with the SAF and RSF, along with visa restrictions on individuals involved in the conflict.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-01 |title=US imposes first sanctions over Sudan conflict |language=en |work=Aljazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/1/us-imposes-first-sanctions-over-sudan-conflict |access-date=2023-06-02 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604120503/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/1/us-imposes-first-sanctions-over-sudan-conflict |url-status=live}}</ref> Amidst the turmoil, Sudan faced diplomatic strains with Egypt, leading to challenges for Sudanese refugees seeking entry.<ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-11 |title=Egypt toughens visa rules for Sudanese nationals fleeing war |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/11/egypt-toughens-visa-rules-for-sudanese-nationals-fleeing-war |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624052115/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/11/egypt-toughens-visa-rules-for-sudanese-nationals-fleeing-war |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Sudan Emergency: Regional Refugee Response, June 2023 - Progress report |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-emergency-regional-refugee-response-june-2023-progress-report |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=reliefweb.int |date=18 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183054/https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-emergency-regional-refugee-response-june-2023-progress-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] facilitated the release of personnel held by the RSF.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 June 2023 |title=125 Sudanese soldiers held by the RSF released: Red Cross |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/29/125-sudanese-soldiers-held-by-the-rsf-released-red-cross |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629093442/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/29/125-sudanese-soldiers-held-by-the-rsf-released-red-cross |url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite brief truces for the [[Eid al-Adha]] holiday, heavy fighting persisted in Khartoum.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 June 2023 |title=Sudanese army declares 'unilateral' ceasefire on first day of Eid |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/27/rsf-announces-two-day-unilateral-ceasefire-in-sudan-for-eid |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627072059/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/27/rsf-announces-two-day-unilateral-ceasefire-in-sudan-for-eid |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== July ===
During July, the conflict continued. The Sudanese Doctors Union accused the RSF of attacking the Al-Shuhada Hospital in Khartoum and killing a staff member,<ref name="hospital2">{{Cite news |date=16 July 2023 |title=Sudan Violence Rages As Paramilitaries Deny Darfur War Crimes |language=en |work=[[Barron's]] |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/sudan-violence-rages-as-paramilitaries-deny-darfur-war-crimes-b1a13abe?refsec=topics_afp-news |access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> which the RSF denied.<ref name="reignite">{{cite news |date=3 July 2023 |title=Fighting reignites between Sudan army, RSF in Khartoum |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/2/fighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum |url-status=live |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702221553/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/2/fighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum |archive-date=2 July 2023}}</ref> In response to the escalating violence, the SAF conducted airstrikes and shelling on civilians<ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=Shelling continues in Sudan capital, 15 killed in Omdurman |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275417/ |access-date=26 July 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="EEPA27/07/2023" /><ref>{{cite news |date=2023-06-21 |title=Sudan's warring sides resume fighting after latest ceasefire ends |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/21/sudans-warring-sides-resume-fighting-after-latest-ceasefire-ends |url-status=live |access-date=2023-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621215322/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/21/sudans-warring-sides-resume-fighting-after-latest-ceasefire-ends |archive-date=2023-06-21}}</ref> and positions held by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N).<ref name="terrain" /> In [[South Kordofan]], the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) gained control of several SAF bases,<ref>{{cite news |date=18 July 2023 |title=Sudan army clashes with RSF and SPLM-N El Hilu in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-clashes-with-rsf-and-splm-n-el-hilu-in-south-kordofan |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121727/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-clashes-with-rsf-and-splm-n-el-hilu-in-south-kordofan}}</ref><ref name="terrain" /><ref name="terrain22">{{cite news |date=11 July 2023 |title=SPLM-N El Hilu launches new attack in Blue Nile region and wins terrain in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref> while the RSF clashed with a coalition of armed groups in [[Al Fashir|El-Fashir]].<ref name="terrain" /><ref>{{cite news|date=11 July 2023|title=SPLM-N El Hilu launches new attack in Blue Nile region and wins terrain in South Kordofan|language=en|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121711/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-launches-attack-in-blue-nile-region-and-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan|url-status=live}}</ref> A faction of the [[Sudan Liberation Movement]] led by [[Mustafa Tambour]] (SLM-T) joined the conflict in support of the SAF in Darfur.<ref name="SLM"/>

The RSF was accused of looting and occupying homes in Khartoum and of continued [[ethnic cleansing]] in Geneina.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-06 |title=SITUATION REPORT - HORN OF AFRICA No. 460 - 06 July 2023 |language=en |work=[[EEPA]] |url=https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-460-06-July-2023.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2023-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162429/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-460-06-July-2023.pdf |archive-date=2023-07-07}}</ref> The Combating Violence Against Women Unit stated that it had recorded 88 cases of [[sexual assault]] in Geneina, Khartoum, and [[Nyala, Sudan|Nyala]].<ref name="Reuters2July2023">{{Cite news |date=2 July 2023 |title=Sudan clashes intensify with no mediation in sight |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-clashes-intensify-with-no-mediation-sight-2023-07-02/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702170821/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-clashes-intensify-with-no-mediation-sight-2023-07-02/ |archive-date=2 July 2023}}</ref> On 13 July, the UN announced the discovery of 87 bodies, including that of ethnic Masalits, buried in a mass grave in Darfur. According to the [[UN Human Rights Office]], the deceased were killed by the RSF and their allied militia and buried on 20-21 June 2023. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, demanded a “prompt, thorough and independent investigation”.<ref name="mass grave">{{cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Bodies of 87 people found in Sudan mass grave, says UN |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/13/bodies-of-87-people-found-in-sudan-mass-grave-says-un |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121716/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/13/bodies-of-87-people-found-in-sudan-mass-grave-says-un |archive-date=19 July 2023}}</ref> The UN warned that Sudan was on the brink of another civil war.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 July 2023 |title=The U.N. secretary-general says Sudan is on the brink of a 'full-scale civil war' |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/09/1186689871/sudan-civil-war-darfur-united-nations |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> On 22 July it was reported that 10,000 people had died since the start of the conflict in [[West Darfur]] alone.<ref name="10kcnn" /> The RSF and Arab militias were said to have killed lawyers, human rights monitors, doctors and non-Arab tribal leaders,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nashed |first=Mat |title=RSF atrocities pile up in Darfur after 100 days of Sudan fighting |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/24/after-one-hundred-days-of-sudan-war-rsf-atrocities-pile-up-in-darfur |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 July 2023 |title=RSF and Kababish clash in North Kordofan |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-and-kababish-clash-in-north-kordofan |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref> and committed robberies and sexual violence.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 2023 |title=RSF accused of killings, robberies and sexual violence |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-accused-of-killings-robberies-and-sexual-violence |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>

In response to the violence, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on firms linked to the SAF and RSF for their involvement in funding and providing weapons, seeking to curtail their actions.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 July 2023 |title=War in Sudan has displaced over three million people, says UN |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=France 24}}</ref> Despite regional efforts for mediation and resolution,<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Sudan's neighbors meeting in Cairo for summit agree to Egypt's initiative to try to end conflict |language=en |work=AP |url=https://apnews.com/article/egypt-sudan-summit-ethiopia-dam-6c2877b05df9fa045ca59b257e9e59e8 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> the conflict persisted, and the SAF's boycott of a crucial meeting hindered the peace process.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2023 |title=Sudan rejects African peace bid and 'enemy' peacekeeping force |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/11/sudan-rejects-african-peace-bid-and-enemy-peacekeeping-force |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>

Internal divisions within Sudanese tribes<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2023 |title=Six killed in Central Darfur amid heightened security concerns |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/six-killed-in-central-darfur-amid-heightened-security-concerns |access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> and the SAF further complicated the situation,<ref>{{cite news |date=24 July 2023 |title=RSF claims hundreds of army troops joined its ranks in Darfur |work=Radio Dabanga |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-claims-hundreds-of-army-troops-joined-its-ranks-in-darfur |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref> with some pledging their support to the RSF.<ref name="ombada">{{Cite news |date=17 July 2023 |title=Sudan Violence Rages As Paramilitaries Deny Darfur War Crimes |language=en |work=[[ABS-CBN]] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/07/17/23/sudan-violence-rages-as-paramilitaries-deny-darfur-war-crimes |access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Notably, RSF leader Hemedti made his first video announcement since April, reiterating his willingness to negotiate if Burhan and the rest of the SAF's leadership were removed from power.<ref name="exchange"/>

===August===
The RSF claimed that it had taken full control over all of [[Central Darfur]] state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2023 |title=RSF claim 'full control' of Central Darfur after clashes |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-claim-full-control-of-central-darfur-after-clashes |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref>

The Third Front, known as [[Tamazuj]], one of several groups based in Darfur and Kordofan that signed a peace agreement with the Sudanese government in 2020 and had been sidelined over its alleged links with Sudanese military intelligence, formally declared its alliance with the RSF. Several of its commanders had previously supported the RSF at the start of the conflict.<ref name="tamazuj">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-17 |title=Tamazuj group aligns with RSF in Sudan's ongoing war |url=https://sudantribune.com/article276260/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Casualties ==
As of 15 August, more than 4,000 people had been killed and 6,000 others injured, according to the Sudanese Health Ministry and the UN.<ref name="4000dabanga"/><ref name="3000jpost"/> The [[Masalit people|Sultanate of Dar Masalit]] claimed on 20 June that more than 5,000 people were killed and about 8,000 were wounded in fighting in West Darfur alone,<ref name="dabanga5k" /> while a Masalit tribal leader told the Sudanese news outlet Ayin Network on 22 July that more than 10,000 people had been killed in the state.<ref name="10kcnn"/> On 12 June, the Sudan Doctors Syndicate said at least 959 civilians had been killed and 4,750 others were injured.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-14|title=Sudan's raging war forces more than two million from their homes|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|access-date=2023-06-16|archive-date=15 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615124146/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 August, the UN said that at least 435 children had been killed in the conflict.<ref name="4000dabanga"/> Doctors on the ground warned that stated figures do not include all casualties as people could not reach hospitals due to difficulties in movement.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nearly 100 people dead across Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |access-date=2023-04-17 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live }}</ref> A spokesperson for the [[Sudanese Red Crescent]] was quoted as saying that the number of casualties "was not small".<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite news |script-title=ar:لحظة بلحظة.. اشتباكات بين الجيش السوداني والدعم السريع |title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415111143/https://www.aljazeera.net/news/liveblog/2023/4/15/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2023-04-15 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=ar}}</ref> Sudanese prosecutors recorded over 500 missing persons cases across the country, some of which were [[enforced disappearance]]s, and were mostly blamed on the RSF.<ref>{{Cite news |title=RSF accused of over 500 cases of enforced disappearance in Sudan |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275738/ |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |language=en |date=3 August 2023}}</ref>

===Notable deaths===
[[Asia Abdelmajid]], an actress, was killed in a crossfire in Khartoum Bahri.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan crisis: Actress Asia Abdelmajid killed in Khartoum cross-fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65467934 |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-gb |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505015558/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65467934 |url-status=live }}</ref> A singer, [[Shaden Gardood]], was killed in a crossfire in Omdurman, as was former football player [[Fozi el-Mardi]] and his daughter.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan crisis: Sudanese singer Shaden Gardood killed in crossfire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65585746 |access-date=14 May 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en-gb |archive-date=14 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514011400/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65585746 |url-status=live }}</ref> Araki Abdelrahim, a member of the music group [[Igd al-Jalad]], was killed by the shelling of a mosque in the El-Shajara neighborhood of west Khartoum.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Relative calm in Khartoum, El Burhan leaves headquarters and travels to Port Sudan |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/relative-calm-in-khartoum-el-burhan-leaves-headquarters-and-travels-to-port-sudan |date=25 August 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |language=en-gb }}</ref> The governor of [[West Darfur]], [[Khamis Abakar]], was abducted and killed by armed men hours after accusing the RSF of genocide and calling for international intervention in a TV interview.<ref name="governor"/>

===Darfur===
At least 25 civilians were killed and 26 injured during initial clashes in [[North Darfur]], and an additional three civilians were killed by a [[rocket-propelled grenade]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647232265762623488 |title=مراسل العربية: مقتل شخصين وإصابة 26 آخرين من المدنيين في الخرطوم بحري #العربية_عاجل |access-date=15 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415180300/https://twitter.com/AlArabiya_Brk/status/1647232265762623488 |url-status=live}}</ref> A representative of [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] said at least 279 wounded people were admitted to the only functioning hospital in the state capital [[al-Fashir]], of whom 44 died.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2023 |title=North Darfur hospital overwhelmed with wounded |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Geneina]], West Darfur, ethnic clashes that began in the last week of April had killed at least 1,100 people,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ethnic violence in Sudan raises genocide alarm as war rages on |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/13/ethnic-violence-in-sudan-raises-genocide-alarm-as-war-rages-on |date=13 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |language=en-UK |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616080530/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/13/ethnic-violence-in-sudan-raises-genocide-alarm-as-war-rages-on |url-status=live }}</ref> while the [[Masalit people|Sultanate of Dar Masalit]] claimed that more than 5,000 people were killed and about 8,000 were wounded in the city.<ref name="dabanga5k">{{Cite news |title=More than 5,000 reportedly killed in El Geneina 'genocide' |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide |date=20 June 2023 |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |archive-date=21 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621093528/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/more-than-5000-reportedly-killed-in-el-geneina-genocide |url-status=live }}</ref> In July, a Masalit tribal leader claimed that more than 10,000 people had been killed in West Darfur alone, and that 80% of Geneina's residents had fled.<ref name="10kcnn"/>

Massacres were recorded in towns such as [[Tawila]]<ref name="auto4">{{Cite news|date=2023-06-19|title=New killings reported in Darfur on second day of Sudan ceasefire|language=en|work=[[CNN]]|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/19/africa/sudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2023-06-22|archive-date=2023-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629171052/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/19/africa/sudan-ceasefire-darfur-killings-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Misterei]],<ref name="misterei"/> while a mass grave was discovered in Geneina containing the bodies of 87 people killed in clashes.<ref name="mass grave"/> Several intellectuals, politicians, professionals and nobility were assassinated. Most of these atrocities were blamed on the RSF and allied Arab militias. Witnesses and other observers described the violence in the region as tantamount to ethnic cleansing or even genocide, with non-Arab groups such as the [[Masalit people|Masalit]] being the primary victims.<ref name="auto4"/> Mujeebelrahman Yagoub, Assistant Commissioner for Refugees in West Darfur called the violence worse than the [[War in Darfur]] in 2003 and the [[Rwandan genocide]] in 1994.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Horrifying testimonies on West Darfur ethnic targeting as other Masalit Sultan relative is killed |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/horrifying-testimonies-from-west-darfur-as-another-masalit-sultan-relative-is-killed |date=19 June 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705224320/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/horrifying-testimonies-from-west-darfur-as-another-masalit-sultan-relative-is-killed |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Foreign casualties ===
15 Syrians,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4296896/diplomat-says-15-syrians-killed-amid-clashes-sudan|title=Diplomat Says 15 Syrians Killed Amid Clashes in Sudan|work=Asharq Al-Awsat|date=27 April 2023|url-status=live|access-date=4 May 2023|archive-date=4 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504163158/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/4296896/diplomat-says-15-syrians-killed-amid-clashes-sudan}}</ref> 15 Ethiopians<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apanews.net/2023/04/23/at-least-15-ethiopians-killed-in-sudan-crossfires/|title=At least 15 Ethiopians killed in Sudan crossfires|work=Apa News|date=23 April 2023|access-date=12 May 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183511/https://apanews.net/2023/04/23/at-least-15-ethiopians-killed-in-sudan-crossfires/|url-status=live}}</ref> and 9 Eritreans<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/07/eritrea-accused-of-forcibly-repatriating-civilians-caught-up-in-sudan-fighting|title=Eritrea accused of forcibly repatriating civilians caught up in Sudan fighting|work=The Guardian|date=7 May 2023|access-date=12 May 2023|archive-date=12 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512004130/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/07/eritrea-accused-of-forcibly-repatriating-civilians-caught-up-in-sudan-fighting|url-status=live}}</ref> were killed across the country. An Indian national working in Khartoum died after being hit by a stray bullet on 15 April.<ref name="www.cnn.com-2023">{{Cite news |title=Dozens killed as fighting between Sudan military rivals enters a second day |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/index.html |access-date=16 April 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416003738/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/15/africa/sudan-presidential-palace-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Two Americans were killed, including a professor working in the [[University of Khartoum]] who was stabbed to death while evacuating.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US confirms second American death in Sudan, seeks extended cease-fire |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2293276/middle-east |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Arab News |language=en |date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145613/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2293276/middle-east |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2nd American dies amid violence in Sudan, White House official says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/2nd-american-dies-amid-violence-sudan-state-department/story?id=98877370 |website=[[ABC News]] |first=Sarah |last=Kolinovsky |language=en |date=27 April 2023 |access-date=3 May 2023 |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503040230/https://abcnews.go.com/US/2nd-american-dies-amid-violence-sudan-state-department/story?id=98877370 |url-status=live }}</ref> A two-year-old girl from Turkey was killed while her parents were injured after their house was struck by a rocket on 18 April.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkish toddler killed in ongoing clashes in Sudan |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkish-toddler-killed-in-ongoing-clashes-in-sudan/2875179 |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=www.aa.com |language=en |date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420145522/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkish-toddler-killed-in-ongoing-clashes-in-sudan/2875179 |url-status=live}}</ref> Two Egyptian doctors were killed in their home in Khartoum and had their possessions stolen on 13 June.<ref>{{cite web |title=Egyptian Doctors Killed in Sudan Conflict, Buried in Backyard |url=https://bnn.network/breaking-news/egyptian-doctors-killed-in-sudan-conflict-buried-in-backyard/ |website=BNN Network |date=13 May 2023 |publisher=HADEEL HASHEM |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183343/https://bnn.network/breaking-news/egyptian-doctors-killed-in-sudan-conflict-buried-in-backyard/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ten students from the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] were killed in an SAF airstrike on the [[International University of Africa]] in Khartoum on 4 June.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-07|title=Sudan conflict: Army accused of killing Congolese in campus bombing|last=Mwai|first=Peter|language=en|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65821597|access-date=2023-06-07|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606172426/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65821597|url-status=live}}</ref> The SAF claimed that the Egyptian assistant military attaché was killed by RSF fire while driving his car in Khartoum, which was refuted by the Egyptian ambassador.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Egypt denies killing of assistant military attaché by RSF fire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/24/sudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull?fbclid=IwAR05salRSz0v4yY7ZYAyNWlyuH1QRPvzDoi5hK0YEkMbrlyRr_BeUUTaW7A |access-date=25 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425053712/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/24/sudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull?fbclid=IwAR05salRSz0v4yY7ZYAyNWlyuH1QRPvzDoi5hK0YEkMbrlyRr_BeUUTaW7A |url-status=live }}</ref>

Two Greek nationals trapped in a church on 15 April sustained leg injuries when caught in crossfire while trying to leave.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trapped in a church in Sudan with no food or water |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en |date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Σουδάν: Δραματική κατάσταση για τους Έλληνες εγκλωβισμένους και τραυματίες – Χωρίς προμήθειες, ιατρική περίθαλψη και ρεύμα |trans-title=Sudan: Dramatic situation for Greeks stranded and injured – No supplies, medical care and electricity |url=https://www.ethnos.gr/World/article/256409/soydandramatikhkatastashgiatoysellhnesegklobismenoyskaitraymatiesxorispromhtheiesiatrikhperithalpshkaireyma |access-date=22 April 2023 |website=www.ethnos.gr |language=el |date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420062103/https://www.ethnos.gr/World/article/256409/soydandramatikhkatastashgiatoysellhnesegklobismenoyskaitraymatiesxorispromhtheiesiatrikhperithalpshkaireyma |url-status=live}}</ref> A Filipino migrant worker<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filipino injured in Sudan clashes; 80 requesting to be rescued: DFA |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/20/23/ofw-injured-in-sudan-clashes-80-requesting-rescue-dfa |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=news.abs-cbn.com |language=en |date=20 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420121216/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/04/20/23/ofw-injured-in-sudan-clashes-80-requesting-rescue-dfa |url-status=live}}</ref> and an Indonesian student at a school in Khartoum were injured by stray bullets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 WNI Terluka Kena Peluru Nyasar saat Terjebak Perang Saudara di Sudan |trans-title=One Indonesian Citizen Injured by Stray Bullets while Trapped in Civil War in Sudan |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20230418095739-127-939134/1-wni-terluka-kena-peluru-nyasar-saat-terjebak-perang-saudara-di-sudan/ |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=www.cnnindonesia.com |language=id |date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418033543/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20230418095739-127-939134/1-wni-terluka-kena-peluru-nyasar-saat-terjebak-perang-saudara-di-sudan |url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 April, the [[European Union Ambassador]] to Sudan, [[Aidan O'Hara]] of Ireland, was assaulted by unidentified "armed men wearing military fatigues" in his home, he suffered minor injuries and was able to resume working on 19 April.<ref name="Ambassador">{{Cite news |date=17 April 2023 |title=Sudan fighting: EU ambassador assaulted in Khartoum home |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65306695 |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418070630/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65306695 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Residents flee">{{Cite news |date=19 April 2023 |title=Residents flee Khartoum as battles rage for fifth day |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |access-date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 April, a French evacuation convoy was shot at, injuring one person.<ref name="BBC News-2023-2">{{Cite news |date=23 April 2023 |title=Sudan fighting: Special forces airlift US diplomats from Sudan |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65363586 |url-status=live |access-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423110134/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65363586 |archive-date=23 April 2023}}</ref> The French government later confirmed the casualty to be a French soldier.<ref name="France538">{{Cite news |title=France evacuated 538 people, Macron says |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |date=25 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425095438/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |url-status=live }}</ref> An employee of the Egyptian embassy was shot and injured during an evacuation mission.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Foreign powers rescue nationals while Sudanese must fend for themselves |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/23/europe/france-evacuates-citizens-sudan-hnk-intl/index.html |access-date=24 April 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164026/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/23/europe/france-evacuates-citizens-sudan-hnk-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:إصابة أحد أعضاء السفارة المصرية بالخرطوم بطلق ناري |title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.alittihad.ae/news/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A/4370142/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A |access-date=24 April 2023 |publisher=[[Al-Ittihad (Emirati newspaper)|Al-Ittihad]] |language=ar |date=23 April 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423103514/https://www.alittihad.ae/news/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A/4370142/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casualties among humanitarian workers ===
In the [[Battle of Kabkabiya]], three employees of the [[World Food Programme]] (WFP) were killed after being caught in the crossfire at a military base. Two other staff members were injured.<ref name="aj" /> On 18 April, the EU's top humanitarian aid officer in Sudan, Wim Fransen of Belgium, was shot and injured in Khartoum.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gridneff |first1=Matina Stevis |last2=Walsh |first2=Declan |title=The E.U.'s top humanitarian aid officer in Sudan was shot in Khartoum. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/04/18/world/sudan-khartoum-fighting-news/the-eus-top-humanitarian-aid-officer-in-sudan-was-shot-in-khartoum |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418225805/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/04/18/world/sudan-khartoum-fighting-news/the-eus-top-humanitarian-aid-officer-in-sudan-was-shot-in-khartoum |url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 April, the [[International Organization for Migration]] (IOM) reported that one of its local employees was killed in a crossfire while travelling with his family near [[El-Obeid]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 April 2023 |title=Humanitarian worker killed in Sudan crossfire, IOM says |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-iom-idAFL8N36O3PT |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421141548/https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-iom-idAFL8N36O3PT |url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 July, an 18-member team of [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] was attacked while transporting supplies to the Turkish Hospital in south Khartoum. By then, the [[World Health Organization]] had verified 51 attacks on medical facilities and personnel since the conflict began, resulting in 10 deaths and 24 injuries.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 July 2023 |title=Doctors Without Borders team attacked in Sudan's Khartoum |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/07/21/Doctors-Without-Borders-team-attack-in-Sudan-s-Khartoum |work=al-Arabiya |location= |access-date=22 July 2023 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721161938/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/07/21/Doctors-Without-Borders-team-attack-in-Sudan-s-Khartoum |url-status=live }}</ref> On 25 July, Humanitarian Coordinator Clementine Nkweta-Salami said 18 aid workers had been killed and over two dozen others were detained or unaccounted for.<ref name="clementine">{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=Sudan war enters its 100th day, medicines almost depleted in conflict areas |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/war-in-sudan-enters-100th-day-almost-no-health-care-available-in-conflict-areas |work=Radio Dabanga |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

The situation has been further compounded by attacks on humanitarian facilities, with more than 50 warehouses looted, 82 offices ransacked, and over 200 vehicles stolen. One particularly devastating looting incident in El Obeid in early June resulted in the loss of food “that could have fed 4.4 million people”.

=== Attacks on journalists ===
Media organizations accused both the SAF and the RSF of threatening, attacking and even killing several journalists during the conflict, with the Sudanese Journalists Syndicate documenting more than 40 such violations during the second half of May alone.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2023 |title=Violations against journalists in Sudan war |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/violations-against-journalists-in-sudan-war |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629010338/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/violations-against-journalists-in-sudan-war |url-status=live }}</ref> Aside from the occupation of state media channels, the RSF raided the offices of the newspapers ''El Hirak El Siyasi'', ''El Madaniya'' and the [[Sudanese Communist Party]]'s ''El Midan''<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 May 2023 |title=RSF storm El Midan newspaper in Sudan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-storm-offices-of-el-midan-newspaper-in-sudan |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629011052/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rsf-storm-offices-of-el-midan-newspaper-in-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref> and shot and injured photojournalists Faiz Abubakr,<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Sudanese journalists condemn attacks, 'anonymous lists' |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-attacks-anonymous-lists |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629012609/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-attacks-anonymous-lists |url-status=live }}</ref> and Ali Shata,<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2023 |title=Sudan journalists condemn shooting of photojournalist and 'continued press attacks' |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-journalists-condemn-shooting-of-photojournalist-and-continued-press-attacks |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706155419/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-journalists-condemn-shooting-of-photojournalist-and-continued-press-attacks |url-status=live }}</ref> while the SAF was accused of circulating lists of journalists it accused of supporting the RSF.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 2023 |title=Silencing dissent: Journalists in Sudan face threats, raids |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/16/silencing-dissent-journalists-in-sudan-face-threats-raids |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618073847/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/16/silencing-dissent-journalists-in-sudan-face-threats-raids |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[BBC]] journalist Mohamed Othman was reportedly attacked and beaten in Khartoum while a correspondent and cameramen for the [[El Sharg]] news outlet were detained for hours near Merowe airport on the first day of the fighting on 15 April. On 16 June, [[Al Jazeera]] journalists Osama Sayed Ahmed and Ahmed El Buseili were shot by snipers in Khartoum,<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2023 |title=Two journalists shot by snipers in Khartoum |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/two-journalists-shot-by-snipers-in-khartoum |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629012612/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/two-journalists-shot-by-snipers-in-khartoum |url-status=live }}</ref> while the RSF detained two of the channel's other reporters, Ahmed Fadl and Rashid Gibril, in Khartoum on 16 May, and subsequently looted Fadl's residence. During a live report on 29 April, [[al-Arabiya]] correspondent Salem Mahmoud was interrupted and questioned by the RSF.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 May 2023 |title=Journalists shot, beaten, and harassed covering conflict between Sudan's rival military groups |language=en |work=[[Committee to Protect Journalists|CPJ]] |url=https://cpj.org/2023/05/journalists-shot-beaten-and-harassed-covering-conflict-between-sudans-rival-military-groups/ |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611180530/https://cpj.org/2023/05/journalists-shot-beaten-and-harassed-covering-conflict-between-sudans-rival-military-groups/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 June, Radio Zalingei journalist Samaher Abdelshafee was killed by shelling at Hasaheisa refugee camp near Zalingei, where she and her family had fled after fighting in the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 July 2023 |title=Fierce battles continue in Sudan capital, Kordofan and Darfur |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/fierce-battles-continue-in-sudan-capital-kordofan-and-darfur |access-date=21 July 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720162319/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/fierce-battles-continue-in-sudan-capital-kordofan-and-darfur |url-status=live }}</ref> Sudan TV photographer Esam Marajan was shot dead inside his home in the Beit El Mal neighborhood of Omdurman in the first week of August.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2023 |title=Sudanese journalists condemn targeting of professionals and volunteers |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-condemn-targeting-of-professionals-and-volunteers |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> Sports photojournalist Esam El Haj was killed during clashes around the Al-Shajara garrison in Khartoum on 20 August.<ref name="childsoldier"/>

The Sudanese Journalists Syndicate (SJS) reported on 10 August that 13 newspapers had ceased operations due to the conflict, while FM radio stations and channels also halted broadcasts, with journalists grappling with unpaid wages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2023 |title=War leaves Sudan media in 'turmoil' |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/war-leaves-sudan-media-in-turmoil |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref>

===Sexual violence===
In July, authorities reported at least 88 cases of sexual assault on women across the country, most of them blamed on the RSF.<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|date=3 July 2023|title=Fighting reignites between Sudan army, RSF in Khartoum|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/2/fighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=3 July 2023|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702221553/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/2/fighting-reignites-between-sudan-army-rsf-in-khartoum|url-status=live}}</ref> NGOs estimated that the figure could possibly reach 4,400.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news|date=10 July 2023|title=Save the Children: Children as young as 12 raped as sexual violence rips through Sudan|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/save-the-children-org-children-as-young-as-12-raped-as-sexual-violence-rips-through-sudan|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|access-date=19 July 2023|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710101550/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/save-the-children-org-children-as-young-as-12-raped-as-sexual-violence-rips-through-sudan|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Foreign involvement ==
=== Libya ===
On 18 April, an SAF general claimed that two unnamed neighboring countries were trying to provide aid to the RSF.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudanese Army agrees to 24-hour ceasefire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/18/sudan-live-news-rsf-fighting-for-rights-of-our-people |access-date=2023-04-18 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418085840/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/18/sudan-live-news-rsf-fighting-for-rights-of-our-people |url-status=live }}</ref> According to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', Libyan warlord [[Khalifa Haftar]], who is backed by [[United Arab Emirates]] and the Russian paramilitary [[Wagner Group]], dispatched at least one plane to fly military supplies to the RSF.<ref name=for1>{{cite news |last1=Faucon |first1=Benoit |last2=Said |first2=Summer |last3=Malsin |first3=Jared |title=Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=19 April 2023 |quote="Mr. Haftar, who is backed by Russia and the United Arab Emirates, sent at least one shipment of ammunition on Monday (17 April) from Libya to Sudan to replenish supplies for Gen. Dagalo," the people familiar with the matter said.|archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419190701/https://www.wsj.com/articles/libyan-militia-and-egypts-military-back-opposite-sides-in-sudan-conflict-87206c3b |url-status=live }}</ref>{{When|date=April 2023}} ''[[The Observer]]'' reported that Haftar assisted in preparing the RSF for months before the conflict broke out.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Jason |last2=Salih |first2=Zeinab Mohammed |title=Libyan warlord could plunge Sudan into a drawn-out 'nightmare' conflict |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/23/libyan-warlord-could-plunge-sudan-into-a-drawn-out-nightmare-conflict |date=23 April 2023 |publisher=The Observer |access-date=25 April 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425001614/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/23/libyan-warlord-could-plunge-sudan-into-a-drawn-out-nightmare-conflict }}</ref> The [[Libyan National Army]], which is commanded by Haftar, denied providing support to any warring groups in Sudan and said it was ready to play a mediating role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Libya denies involvement in Sudan fighting |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=20 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Wagner Group ===
Prior to the conflict, the UAE and the [[Wagner Group]] were involved in business deals with the RSF.<ref>{{cite news |last=Craze |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Crze |title=Gunshots in Khartoum |url=https://newleftreview.org/sidecar/posts/gunshots-in-khartoum |access-date=19 April 2023 |publisher=New Left Review |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417215304/https://newleftreview.org/sidecar/posts/gunshots-in-khartoum |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="for3">{{cite web |last=Dewaal |first=Alex |author-link=Alex Dewaal |title=Sudan's New War and Prospects for Peace |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2023/04/19/sudans-new-war-and-prospects-for-peace/ |website=Reinventing peace |access-date=21 April 2023 |date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421090250/https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2023/04/19/sudans-new-war-and-prospects-for-peace/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Both citations are blog posts.|date=May 2023}} According to ''[[CNN]]'', Wagner supplied [[surface-to-air missile]]s to the RSF, picking up the items from [[Syria]] and delivering some of them by plane to Haftar-controlled bases in Libya to be then delivered to the RSF, while dropping other items directly to RSF positions in northwestern Sudan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Elbagir |first1=Nima |last2=Mezzofiore |first2=Gianluca |last3=Qiblawi |first3=Tamara |title=Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army |url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=CNN|date=20 April 2023 |quote=The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420194129/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/04/20/africa/wagner-sudan-russia-libya-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> American officials said that Wagner was offering to supply additional weapons to the RSF from its existing stocks in the [[Central African Republic]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Schmitt|first1=Eric|last2=Wong|first2=Edward|title=United States Says Wagner Has Quietly Picked Sides in Sudan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/23/world/africa/sudan-russia-wagner-group.html|access-date=25 April 2023|work=The New York Times|date=23 April 2023|quote=Yevgeny Prigozhin, the founder of the notorious private military company Wagner, has offered weapons to the paramilitaries fighting for control of Sudan, according to American officials.|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424184558/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/23/world/africa/sudan-russia-wagner-group.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In response to these allegations, Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] defended the possible involvement of the Wagner Group, saying that Sudan had the right to use its services.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia's Lavrov: Sudan has the right to use Wagner Group |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |access-date=26 April 2023 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |publisher=[[Aljazeera]] |date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425095438/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |url-status=live }}</ref> The head of the Wagner Group, [[Yevgeny Prigozhin]], denied supporting the RSF, saying that the company has not had a presence in Sudan for more than two years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia's Wagner denies involvement in Sudan crisis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |access-date=19 April 2023 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=19 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live }}</ref> The RSF denied allegations that Wagner Group was supporting them, instead stating that the SAF was seeking such support.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RSFSudan/status/1649512592971374592|title=On behalf of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) we would like to address the recent article published by CNN. In these times of information warfare and fake news, we stand as the steadfast defenders of truth, justice, and the will of the Sudanese people.|website=Twitter|access-date=2023-04-22|date=2023-04-21|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421225339/https://twitter.com/RSFSudan/status/1649512592971374592|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="libya-ahram">{{cite news |title=Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group's involvement |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/496267.aspx |work=[[Al-Ahram]] |date=22 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425210328/https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/496267.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Sudan has denied the presence of Wagner on its territory.<ref name=France24>{{cite web|title=Russia's Lavrov pledges support on lifting UN sanctions, defends Wagner on Sudan visit|work=[[France 24]]|date=9 February 2023|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230209-russia-s-lavrov-meets-sudan-s-military-leaders-in-final-stop-of-africa-tour|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=25 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225184642/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230209-russia-s-lavrov-meets-sudan-s-military-leaders-in-final-stop-of-africa-tour|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Hemeti">{{cite news |title=Hemeti's CAR coup boast sheds light on Sudanese role in conflict next door |work=[[Middle East Eye]] |author=Mohammed Amin |date=18 January 2023|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-central-african-republic-hemeti-boasts-thwarted-coup|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330190927/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-central-african-republic-hemeti-boasts-thwarted-coup|url-status=live}}</ref>

===UAE===
A report published by the ''Wall Street Journal'' on 10 August quoted [[Uganda]]n officials as saying that an [[UAE|Emirati]] plane on a stopover at [[Entebbe Airport]] en route to [[Amdjarass]] International Airport in eastern Chad turned out upon inspection to have been carrying dozens of green plastic crates in the plane's cargo hold filled with ammunition, assault rifles and other small arms", rather than food and other aid officially listed on the aircraft's manifest supposedly meant for Sudanese refugees. Despite the discovery, the plane was allowed to take off, and the officials said they received orders from their superiors not to inspect any more planes from the UAE. Prior to this, the UAE had long been accused of supporting the RSF. The [[UAE Foreign Ministry]] subsequently denied the allegations, saying that the country "does not take sides" in the conflict.<ref name="MEECAR">{{cite news |title=UAE Denies Sending Weapons To Sudan War |work=[[Barron's]] |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/uae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudan-war-66133453?refsec=topics_afp-news |date=13 August 2023 |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>

===Chad===
On 7 June, Hissein Alamine Tchaw-tchaw, a Chadian dissident who belongs to the same ethnic group as Hemedti and claiming to be the leader of the Movement for the Fight of the Oppressed in Chad (MFOC), which is fighting the government of President [[Mahamat Déby]], posted a video showing his participation in an RSF attack on the Yarmouk munitions factory in Khartoum.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kabbashi reaffirms Sudan's military leadership support for Burhan|work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|date=9 June 2023|url=https://sudantribune.com/article274396/|access-date=20 July 2023}} {{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

===Egypt===
On 16 April, the RSF claimed that its troops in Port Sudan were attacked by foreign aircraft and issued a warning against any foreign interference.<ref name=egy1>{{cite news |script-title=ar:الدعم السريع: نتعرض لهجوم من طيران أجنبي في بورتسودان |title= |language=ar |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/sudan/2023/04/16/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |trans-title=Rapid Support: We are under attack from foreign aircraft in Port Sudan |access-date=18 April 2023 |publisher=[[Al Arabiya]] |date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417105900/https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/sudan/2023/04/16/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] analyst Cameron Hudson, Egyptian fighter jets were a part of these bombing campaigns against the RSF, and Egyptian special forces units have been deployed and are providing intelligence and tactical support to the SAF.<ref name=egy2>{{cite news |last1=Rickett |first1=Oscar |title=Sudan and a decade-long path to turmoil |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-decade-long-path-turmoil |access-date=18 April 2023 |publisher=[[Middle East Eye]] |quote="The Egyptians are already heavily involved," Cameron Hudson, a former CIA analyst, told MEE. "They are actively in the fight. There are Egyptian fighter jets that are part of these bombing campaigns. Egyptian special forces units have been deployed and the Egyptians are providing intelligence and tactical support to the SAF." |date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418160458/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-decade-long-path-turmoil |url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'' said that Egypt had sent fighter jets and pilots to support the Sudanese military.<ref name=for1/> On 17 April, satellite imagery obtained by ''The War Zone'' revealed that one Egyptian Air Force [[Mikoyan MiG-29M#Variants|MiG-29M2]] fighter jet had been destroyed and two others had been damaged or destroyed at [[Merowe Airport|Merowe Airbase]]. A Sudanese Air Force [[Guizhou JL-9]] was among the destroyed aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tack |first1=Sim |last2=Rogoway |first2=Tyler |title=Egyptian MiG-29s Destroyed In Sudan |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/egyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan |access-date=18 April 2023 |publisher=The War Zone |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418003826/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/egyptian-mig-29s-destroyed-in-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref> After initial confusion, the RSF accepted the explanation that Egyptian combat and support personnel were conducting exercises with the Sudanese military prior to the outbreak of hostilities.<ref name="BBC News" />

====Egyptian POWs====
On 15 April, RSF forces claimed, via Twitter, to have taken Egyptian troops prisoner near [[Merowe, Sudan|Merowe]],<ref>{{cite news |date=15 April 2023 |title=Sudan's RSF says it's ready to cooperate over Egyptian troops |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15/ |url-status=live |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415161133/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudans-paramilitary-force-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-egyptian-2023-04-15/ |archive-date=15 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates |title=Sudan paramilitary group says it has seized presidential palace and Khartoum airport amid clashes with army – live |date=15 April 2023 |work=The Guardian |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418104709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/apr/15/sudan-fighting-khartoum-latest-news-updates|archive-date=2023-04-18}}</ref> and a military plane carrying markings of the [[Egyptian Air Force]].<ref name="AJreturn">{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/egyptian-soldiers-captured-in-sudan-to-be-returned-says-rsf |title=Egyptian soldiers captured in Sudan to be returned, says RSF |date=16 April 2023 |work=Aljazeera |language=en |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416151727/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/egyptian-soldiers-captured-in-sudan-to-be-returned-says-rsf |url-status=live}}</ref> Initially, no official explanation was given for the Egyptian soldiers' presence, while Egypt and Sudan have had military cooperation due to diplomatic tensions with [[Ethiopia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/04/15/Sudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops |title=Sudan's paramilitary shares video they claim shows 'surrendered' Egyptian troops |date=15 April 2023 |work=al-Arabiya |language=en|access-date=15 April 2023|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415192027/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/04/15/Sudan-s-paramilitary-shares-video-they-claim-shows-surrendered-Egyptian-troops|url-status=live}}</ref> Later on, the [[Egyptian Armed Forces]] stated that around 200 of its soldiers were in Sudan to conduct exercises with the Sudanese military.<ref name="BBC News" /> Around that time, the SAF reportedly encircled RSF forces in Merowe airbase. As a result, the Egyptian Armed Forces announced that it was following the situation as a precaution for the safety of its personnel.<ref name="Al Jazeera" /><ref>{{cite tweet |user=AlArabiya_Brk |title=مراسل العربية: الجيش السوداني يطوق مطار مروي العسكري|trans-title=Al-Arabiya correspondent: The Sudanese army encircled the Merowe military airport |number=1647269822567182336 |language=ar |date=15 April 2023}}</ref>{{bcn|date=June 2023}} The RSF later stated that it would cooperate in repatriating the soldiers to Egypt.<ref name="AJreturn" /> On 19 April, the RSF stated that it had moved the soldiers to Khartoum and would hand them over when the "appropriate opportunity" arose.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826|title=Egyptian soldiers in Sudan moved from airbase – RSF|date=19 April 2023|work=BBC|language=en|access-date=19 April 2023|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826|url-status=live}}</ref> 177 of the captured Egyptian troops were released and flown back to Egypt aboard three Egyptian military planes that took off from Khartoum airport later in the day. The remaining 27 soldiers, who were from the Egyptian Air Force, were sheltered at the Egyptian embassy and later evacuated.<ref>{{cite news|title=Egyptian air force personnel remain in Khartoum: Sudanese army corrects earlier statement|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed|access-date=20 April 2023|publisher=Aljazeera|date=20 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420075805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=20 April 2023|title=Egyptian army says soldiers stuck in Sudan back home or at embassy|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-army-says-177-egyptian-air-force-troops-evacuated-egypt-2023-04-20/|website=Reuters|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420191432/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudanese-army-says-177-egyptian-air-force-troops-evacuated-egypt-2023-04-20/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Ethiopia ===
On 19 April, the Sudanese newspaper ''[[Al-Sudani (newspaper)|Al-Sudani]]'' reported that the SAF had repelled an invasion by the [[Ethiopia]]n [[Ethiopian National Defense Force|Armed Forces]] in the disputed [[Al Fushqa District]] and that the SAF had inflicted heavy losses on Ethiopian personnel and equipment.<ref name="eth1">{{cite news |date=19 April 2023 |title=عاجل (السُّوداني): الجيش يوقف غزواً إثيوبياً على الفشقة الصغرى ويُكبِّدهم خسائر فادحة في الأرواح والعتاد |language=ar |trans-title=Urgent (Al-Sudanese): The army stops an Ethiopian invasion on Al-Fashqa Al-Sughra and inflicts heavy losses on them in lives and equipment |work=Al Sudani |url=https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=171052 |url-status=live |access-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419204128/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=171052 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |quote=Ethiopian forces carried out an invasion and attack on Al-Fashqa, reinforced by tanks, armored vehicles, and large crowds of infantry. Immediately, the armed forces units dealt with them with their various long-range fire systems, causing them heavy losses in personnel and equipment}}</ref> Ethiopian Prime Minister [[Abiy Ahmed]] denied that clashes had occurred, blaming agitators for the reports.<ref name="eth2">{{cite news |date=20 April 2023 |title=Ethiopian PM denies reports of clashes with Sudan forces |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |url-status=live |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144545/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-64393826 |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PM Abiy Ahmed warns parties working to incite war between Ethiopia, Sudan, refutes reports of Ethiopian forces incursion into Sudanese border |url=https://addisstandard.com/news-pm-abiy-ahmed-warns-parties-working-to-incite-war-between-ethiopia-sudan-refutes-reports-of-ethiopian-forces-incursion-into-sudanese-border/ |website=Addis Standard |date=20 April 2023 |access-date=22 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420155545/https://addisstandard.com/news-pm-abiy-ahmed-warns-parties-working-to-incite-war-between-ethiopia-sudan-refutes-reports-of-ethiopian-forces-incursion-into-sudanese-border/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Abdul Qadir Al-Haymi, a journalist at ''Al-Sudani'', expressed his regret for publishing the story about the Ethiopian incursion, emphasizing that the story was not true and that no clashes had occurred between Sudanese and Ethiopian forces.<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=عبدالقادر الحيمي: نأسف للخطا الذى حدث والذي نشرته عبر الصحيفة، عن ايقاف القوات المسلحة لغزو إثيوبي للاراضى السودانية بالفشقة. الخبر غير صحيح ولم يحدث غزو بل حتى لم يحدث اشتباك بين القوات السودانية والاثيوبية ومتاسف على البلبلة والارباك التي احدثها الخبر |trans-title=Journalist Abdel Qader Al-Haimi: We regret the mistake that occurred, which was published in the newspaper, about the armed forces stopping an Ethiopian invasion of Sudanese territory in Al-Fashqa |url=https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=171063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429100801/https://www.alsudaninews.com/ar/?p=171063 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=Al Sudani |language=ar}}</ref>

===Kenya===
The SAF rejected Kenya's involvement in mediation efforts to end the conflict in July after General Burhan accused President [[William Ruto]] of having a business relationship with Hemedti<ref>{{cite web |date=5 July 2023 |title=Sudan's al-Burhan renews rejection of Kenya's chairmanship of IGAD mediation |url=https://sudantribune.com/article274888/ |website=Sudan Tribune |access-date=15 July 2023}} {{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> and providing a haven to the RSF in the country.<ref name="reject"/> In response to proposals for a peacekeeping force composed by African countries to be deployed in Sudan made in an [[IGAD]] committee chaired by Ruto, the SAF's Assistant Commander-in-Chief Lieutenant General Yasir Alatta accused Ruto of being a mercenary of another country, whom he did not identify, and dared Ruto to deploy the [[Kenya Army|Kenyan army]] and that of his alleged backer.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 July 2023 |title=Sudanese general accuses Kenyan President of mercenarism, rejects East African force |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275353/ |website=Sudan Tribune |access-date=28 July 2023 }}</ref>

In response, Kenyan Foreign Secretary Abraham Korir Sing’oei subsequently called these allegations "baseless",<ref>{{cite web|date=26 July 2023|title=Sudan political blocs in Cairo call on army leader to form 'caretaker government' |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-political-blocs-in-cairo-call-on-army-leader-to-form-caretaker-government |website=Radio Dabanga |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> while the Foreign Ministry released a statement insisting on the country's neutrality in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 July 2023|title=Sudan military chief Yasir Alatta dares Kenya's Ruto to intervene in Khartoum conflict |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/yasir-alatta-dares-president-ruto-to-intervene-sudan-conflict--4314248 |website=The East African |access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref>

A hacking group calling itself Anonymous Sudan launched cyberattacks on Kenyan government and private websites in the last week of July.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2023|title=Sudan hackers target Kenyan govt websites |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-hackers-target-kenyan-govt-websites |website=Radio Dabanga |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref>

== Evacuation of foreign nationals ==
{{main|Evacuation of foreign nationals during the 2023 Sudan conflict}}

[[File:ECDM 20230505 DM Sudan Conflict.pdf|thumb|Repatriations through the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism]]

The outbreak of violence has led foreign governments to monitor the situation in Sudan and move towards the evacuation and repatriation of its nationals. Among some countries with a number of expatriates in Sudan are [[Egypt]], which has more than 10,000 citizens in the country,<ref name="Foreigners">{{Cite news |date=23 April 2023 |title=Foreigners evacuated as factions battle in Sudan's Khartoum |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/23/foreign-citizens-evacuated-as-factions-battle-in-khartoum |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424060522/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/23/foreign-citizens-evacuated-as-factions-battle-in-khartoum |archive-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> and the United States, which has more than 16,000 citizens, most of whom are [[dual national]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-23 |title=US has evacuated American diplomatic personnel from Sudan |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/22/politics/us-diplomatic-personnel-sudan/index.html |access-date=2023-04-24 |work=[[CNN]]|first1=Jennifer|last1=Hansler|first2=Kylie|last2=Atwood|first3=Haley|last3=Britzky|first4=Oren|last4=Liebermann|language=en |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424091831/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/22/politics/us-diplomatic-personnel-sudan/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Efforts at extraction were hampered by the fighting within the capital Khartoum, particularly in and around the airport. This has forced evacuations to be undertaken by road via [[Port Sudan]] on the [[Red Sea]], which lies about 650&nbsp;km (400 miles) northeast of Khartoum.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-23 |title=Which countries have evacuated nationals from Sudan? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule |access-date=2023-04-24 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421072151/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule |url-status=live}}</ref> from where they were airlifted or ferried directly to their home countries or to third ones. Other evacuations were undertaken through overland border crossings or airlifts from diplomatic missions and other designated locations with direct involvement of the militaries of some home countries. Some transit hubs used during the evacuation include the port of [[Jeddah]] in Saudi Arabia and [[Djibouti]], which hosts military bases of the United States, China, Japan, France, and other European countries.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-04-25|title=How the crisis in Sudan accentuated the strategic importance of Djibouti|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/how-the-crisis-in-sudan-accentuated-the-strategic-importance-of-djibouti/|access-date=2023-04-26|work=[[Observer Research Foundation]]|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130344/https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/how-the-crisis-in-sudan-accentuated-the-strategic-importance-of-djibouti/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Humanitarian impact==
{{Main|Humanitarian impact of the 2023 Sudan conflict}}

The humanitarian crisis following the fighting was further exacerbated by the violence occurring during a period of high temperatures, drought and it starting during the fasting month of [[Ramadan]]. Civilians were unable to venture outside of their homes to obtain food and supplies for fear of getting caught in the crossfire. A doctors' group said that hospitals remained understaffed and were running low on supplies as wounded people streamed in.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dahir |first1=Abdi Latif |title=As New Wave of Violence Hits Sudan's Capital, Civilians Feel the Strain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/world/africa/sudan-fighting-khartoum.html |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417090248/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/world/africa/sudan-fighting-khartoum.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The World Health Organization recorded around 26 attacks on healthcare facilities, some of which resulted in casualties among medical workers and civilians.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sudan crisis: Civilians facing 'catastrophe' as 100,000 flee fighting – UN|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65448691|access-date=2 May 2023|work=[[BBC]]|date=2 May 2023|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502114619/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65448691|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sudanese Doctors' Union said more than two-thirds of hospitals in conflict areas were out of service with 32 forcibly evacuated by soldiers or caught in the crossfire.<ref>{{cite news |title=More than 60% of hospitals out of service |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/22/sudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin|access-date=23 April 2023 |work=[[Aljazeera]] |date=22 April 2023 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420075805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/22/sudan-fighting-live-news-army-says-foreign-evacuations-to-begin |url-status=live}}</ref> This included about half of Khartoum's 130 medical facilities and all hospitals in West Darfur.<ref name="3000jpost" /> Outbreaks of diseases such as [[measles]], [[cholera]] and [[diarrhea]] were reported across the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title=Sudan fighting sparks communications blackout in Khartoum, disease outbreaks |language=en |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121803/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230714-khartoum-faces-communications-blackout-as-fighting-intensifies-in-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref>

The United Nations reported that shortages of basic goods, such as food, water, medicines and fuel have become "extremely acute".<ref>{{cite news |last=Uras |first=Umut |date=25 April 2023 |title=Supply shortages becoming 'extremely acute' – UN |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |url-status= |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425154833/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |archive-date=25 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> The delivery of badly-needed remittances from overseas migrant workers was also halted after [[Western Union]] announced it was closing all operations in Sudan until further notice.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 April 2023 |title=Sudan residents face cash shortage as sources dry up |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=28 April 2023 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428182214/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on |url-status=live }}</ref> The World Food Programme said that more than $13 million worth of food aid destined for Sudan had been looted since the fighting broke out.<ref>{{cite news|title=President Biden authorises sanctions against Sudan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-65361155|access-date=5 May 2023|work=[[BBC]]|date=4 May 2023|archive-date=5 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505000047/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-65361155|url-status=live}}</ref> An estimated 25 million people, equivalent to more than half of Sudan's population, were said to be in need of aid.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 June 2023|title=As Sudan war rages, rival sides accused of looting, diverting aid|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/16/as-sudan-war-rages-rival-sides-accused-of-looting-diverting-aid|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=25 June 2023|archive-date=21 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621081735/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/16/as-sudan-war-rages-rival-sides-accused-of-looting-diverting-aid|url-status=live}}</ref> In particular, the looting of the WFP's warehouses in El-Obeid on 1 June led to the loss of food aid meant to feed 4.4 million people.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-01|title=WFP chief: Sudan looting is 'stealing from the hungry – food for 4.4 million people at stake'|language=en|work=Radio Dabanga|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/wfp-chief-looting-is-stealing-from-the-hungry-food-for-4-4-million-people-at-stake|access-date=2023-07-26}}</ref> On 25 July, Humanitarian Coordinator Clementine Nkweta-Salami said attacks on humanitarian facilities had led to more than 50 warehouses looted, 82 offices ransacked, and over 200 vehicles stolen.<ref name="clementine" />

In July, Sudanese economists estimated the total amount of damage brought by the conflict at $9 billion, or an average of $100 million per day, while the value of property and goods looted was estimated at another $40 billion, with the most affected areas being Khartoum and South Darfur.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 July 2023|title=$49 billion of economic loss and looted property in Sudan |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/49-billion-of-economic-loss-and-looted-property-in-sudan |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121727/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/49-billion-of-economic-loss-and-looted-property-in-sudan |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] said on 24 July that over 40,000 children had lost access to education after being displaced.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=Sudan conflict sends more children out of schools: report |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275512/ |work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>

=== Refugees ===
{{Main|2023 Sudanese refugee crisis}}

[[File:Screengrab of refugee camp from Number of Refugees Who Fled Sudan for Chad Double in Week.jpg|thumb|Sudanese refugee camp in Chad]]
The [[International Organization for Migration]] said in August that the fighting in Sudan had produced 3.4 million [[internally displaced persons]], while more than a million had fled the country altogether.<ref name="refug"/> The International Organization for Migration estimated that around 65% of IDPs had come from the Khartoum region.<ref name="2million">{{cite news|title=Sudan's raging war forces more than two million from their homes|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|access-date=15 June 2023|agency=Aljazeera|date=14 June 2023|archive-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614215235/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/14/sudans-raging-war-forces-more-than-2-million-from-their-homes|url-status=live}}</ref> Of those, who fled abroad, more than 160,000 of them were [[Masalit people|Masalit]] who fled to Chad to escape ethnically-based attacks by the RSF and allied militias.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan crisis: From Ruto to Sisi, leaders vie to drive peace process |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66169535 |access-date=13 July 2023 |work=[[BBC]] |language=en |date=13 July 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719122219/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66169535 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fighting between the SAF and the SPLM-N (al-Hilu) had reportedly displaced more then 35,000 people in Blue Nile State alone, with 3,000 of them fleeing to Ethiopia,<ref name="victory">{{Cite news|date=28 June 2023|title=Sudan army claims victory over rebel fighters in Blue Nile region|language=en|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-claims-victory-after-battles-with-rebel-fighters-in-blue-nile-region|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=5 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705114331/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-claims-victory-after-battles-with-rebel-fighters-in-blue-nile-region|url-status=live}}</ref> while more than 69,000 were displaced in South Kordofan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 6,500 people flee renewed clashes in Kadugli of South Kordofan: reports |url=https://sudantribune.com/article276437/ |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |date=22 August 2023 }}</ref> As of August, more than 400,000 people had fled to Chad, making it the largest single destination of refugees from the conflict.<ref name="refug"/>

Criticism was levelled at diplomatic missions operating in Sudan for their slow response in helping Sudanese visa applicants whose passports were left behind in embassies following their closure during evacuation efforts, preventing them from leaving the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudanese stuck as passports locked in abandoned Western embassies |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/29/sudanese-stuck-as-passports-locked-in-abandoned-western-embassies |access-date=30 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=29 April 2023 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429191306/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/29/sudanese-stuck-as-passports-locked-in-abandoned-western-embassies |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Peace efforts ==
===April===
On 16 April, representatives from the SAF and the RSF agreed to a proposal by the United Nations to pause fighting between 16:00 and 19:00 local time (CAT).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudanese army and RSF back 'urgent humanitarian ceasefire' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |access-date=16 April 2023 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415115739/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65285254 |url-status=live}}</ref> The SAF announced that it approved a UN proposal to open a safe passage for urgent humanitarian cases for 3 hours every day starting from 16:00 local time, and stated that it reserved the right to react if the RSF "commit[ted] any violations".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan approves passage for urgent humanitarian cases |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |access-date=16 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144810/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |url-status=live}}</ref> Gunfire and explosives continued to be heard during the ceasefire, drawing condemnation from Special Representative [[Volker Perthes]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=UN envoy to Sudan 'disappointed' by ceasefire violations |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |access-date=17 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073638/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/17/sudan-fighting-live-news-nearly-100-killed-as-clashes-spread |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 17 April, the governments of [[Kenya]], [[South Sudan]], and [[Djibouti]] expressed their willingness to send their presidents to Sudan to act as mediators. Khartoum Airport was closed due to fighting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2023 |title=Sudan fighting: RSF and army clash in Khartoum for third day |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65293538 |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416222948/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65293538 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 18 April, Hemedti said the RSF agreed to a day-long armistice to allow the safe passage of civilians, including those wounded. In a tweet, he said that the decision was reached following a conversation with US Secretary of State [[Antony Blinken]] "and outreach by other friendly nations".<ref>{{Cite news |title=RSF leader agrees to 24-hour armistice |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/18/sudan-live-news-rsf-fighting-for-rights-of-our-people |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418085840/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/18/sudan-live-news-rsf-fighting-for-rights-of-our-people |url-status=live}}</ref> An army general later confirmed that the SAF had agreed to a 24-hour ceasefire to start at 18:00 local time (16:00 UTC). After the start of the promised ceasefire, gunfire and shelling continued to be heard in the center of Khartoum.<ref name="Gunfire">{{Cite news |title=Gunfire, shelling in Khartoum despite truce: Resident |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/18/sudan-live-news-rsf-fighting-for-rights-of-our-people |access-date=2023-04-19 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418085840/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/18/sudan-live-news-rsf-fighting-for-rights-of-our-people |url-status=live}}</ref> The SAF and the RSF issued statements accusing each other of failing to respect the ceasefire. The SAF's high command said it would continue operations to secure the capital and other regions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fighting continues in Sudan hours after ceasefire was to begin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/18/heavy-gunfire-shatters-khartoum-despite-sudan-truce-deal |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419082851/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/18/heavy-gunfire-shatters-khartoum-despite-sudan-truce-deal |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 19 April, the SAF and the RSF said that they had agreed to another 24-hour ceasefire starting at 18:00 local time (16:00 GMT).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army agrees to 24-hour ceasefire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419075016/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down |url-status=live}}</ref> Fighting continued between the two sides after the ceasefire had supposedly begun.<ref name="Thousands">{{Cite news |title=Thousands flee as new ceasefire attempt fails in Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/19/thousands-try-to-flee-sudan-as-truce-fails |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420031943/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/19/thousands-try-to-flee-sudan-as-truce-fails |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 April, the RSF said it would observe a 72-hour ceasefire which would come into effect at 6:00 (4:00 GMT) that day, the beginning of the Islamic holiday of [[Eid ul-Fitr]].<ref name="Eid">{{Cite news |title=Sudan's RSF announces 72-hour ceasefire amid Khartoum fighting |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/21/sudans-rsf-announces-72-hour-ceasefire-amid-khartoum-fighting |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421100117/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/21/sudans-rsf-announces-72-hour-ceasefire-amid-khartoum-fighting |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the SAF agreeing to the truce later that afternoon, fighting continued throughout the day in Khartoum and other conflict zones.<ref name="Muted Eid">{{Cite news |last1=Osman |first1=Mohamed |last2=Booty |first2=Natasha |date=2023-04-21 |title=Sudan fighting: Muted Eid as ceasefire broken |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65344372 |access-date=2023-04-21 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421111134/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65344372 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan's army says it agrees to three-day truce starting Friday |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421085011/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/21/sudan-fighting-live-news-burhan-says-committed-to-civilian-rule |url-status=live}}</ref> A 72-hour ceasefire agreement was announced on 24 April,<ref>{{cite news |first1=Jennifer |last1=Hansler |first2=Donald |last2=Judd |date=24 April 2023 |title=3-day Sudan ceasefire announced by US Secretary of State |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/24/politics/white-house-sudan-civilian-evacuation/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |access-date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424134804/https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/24/politics/white-house-sudan-civilian-evacuation/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and fighting continued.<ref name="Sporadic">{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |title=Sporadic gunfire in Khartoum despite new truce|last= Siddiqui|first= Usaid |date={{date|2023-04-25}} |work=Al Jazeera |access-date={{date|2023-04-25}} |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230425095438/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/25/sudan-live-news-sporadic-gunfire-in-khartoum-despite-new-truce |archive-date={{date|2023-04-25}}}}</ref>

On 26 April, the [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD) proposed a 72-hour extension of the ceasefire, while [[South Sudan]] offered to host mediation efforts. The SAF said it supported the plan and would send an envoy to the South Sudanese capital [[Juba]], to participate in the talks.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan army chief backs ceasefire extension as skirmishes continue |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/sudan-army-chief-backs-ceasefire-extension-as-skirmishes-continue |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427022704/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/sudan-army-chief-backs-ceasefire-extension-as-skirmishes-continue |url-status=live }}</ref> The RSF announced its support for the extended ceasefire on 27 April.<ref name="extended">{{Cite news |title=Sudan's army and RSF say ceasefire extended but fighting goes on |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/sudans-army-and-rsf-say-ceasefire-extended-but-fighting-goes-on |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428020819/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/sudans-army-and-rsf-say-ceasefire-extended-but-fighting-goes-on |url-status=live }}</ref> Fighting continued after the start of the extended ceasefire.<ref name="Extended">{{Cite news|title=Fighting rages despite ceasefire announcement|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on|access-date=2023-04-28|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en|date=28 April 2023|archive-date=28 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428182214/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/28/sudan-fighting-live-news-turkish-evacuation-aircraft-fired-on|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 30 April, the RSF announced that the ceasefire was to be further extended by 72 hours,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse|title=Humanitarian truce extended: RSF|access-date=2023-04-30|date=2023-04-30|work=[[Aljazeera]]|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse|url-status=live}}</ref> to which the SAF later agreed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse|title=Sudan army says it agreed to extend truce with RSF|access-date=2023-04-30|date=2023-04-30|work=[[Aljazeera]]|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse|url-status=live}}</ref> Fighting continued during this ceasefire.<ref name="Gun battles">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse|title=Gun battles rage in central Khartoum despite announced truce|access-date=2023-05-01|date=2023-04-30|work=[[Aljazeera]]|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430131426/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/30/sudan-live-news-fighting-enters-third-week-un-warns-of-collapse|url-status=live}}</ref>

===May===
On 1 May, United Nations Special Envoy to Sudan [[Volker Perthes]] announced that the SAF and the RSF had agreed to send representatives for negotiations mediated by UN, and did not give a date or venue for the talks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point|title=Rivals agree to send representatives to UN negotiations: AJ correspondent|access-date=2023-05-02|date=2023-05-02|work=[[Aljazeera]]|archive-date=1 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501092915/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/5/1/sudan-conflict-live-un-warns-of-humanitarian-breaking-point|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 May, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (South Sudan)|South Sudan's Foreign Ministry]] said that the SAF and the RSF had agreed "in principle" to a week long ceasefire to start from 4 May,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361155|title=Sudan rivals agree 'in principle' to a week's truce|access-date=2023-05-02|date=2023-05-02|work=[[BBC]]|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502140630/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361155|url-status=live}}</ref> only for it to break down again.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvpworld.com/69621059/fighting-continues-in-khartoum-with-a-ceasefire-broken-by-both-sides|title=Fighting continues in Khartoum with a ceasefire broken by both sides|access-date=2023-05-05|date=2023-05-04|work=[[Telewizja Polska|TVP]]|archive-date=5 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505040130/https://tvpworld.com/69621059/fighting-continues-in-khartoum-with-a-ceasefire-broken-by-both-sides|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Sudanese resistance committees]] stated that the proposed negotiations between the SAF and the RSF ignored "the only one affected by this war, the Sudanese people", and that the negotiations were aimed at the SAF and the RSF "gain[ing] popular and political support".<ref name="Dabanga_Sudan_activists_reject">{{cite Q|Q118203275|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 6 May, delegates from the SAF and the RSF met directly for the first time in [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] for what was described by the Saudis and the United States as "pre-negotiation talks".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/rival-sudan-factions-meet-in-saudi-arabia-as-pressure-mounts|title=Rival Sudan factions meet in Saudi Arabia as pressure mounts|access-date=2023-05-06|date=2023-05-06|work=[[Aljazeera]]|archive-date=6 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506130042/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/rival-sudan-factions-meet-in-saudi-arabia-as-pressure-mounts|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan's warring military factions to meet face-to-face for first time since conflict began |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/06/world/sudan-conflict-talks-saudi-arabia-intl-hnk/index.html |website=CNN |date=6 May 2023 |access-date=6 May 2023 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506141746/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/06/world/sudan-conflict-talks-saudi-arabia-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jonathan Hutson of the [[Satellite Sentinel Project]] stated that a broad range of Sudanese civil society, "political parties, [[Sudanese resistance committees|resistance committees]], women's organisations, trade unions and human rights defenders", objected to both Burhan and Hemedti, seeing them as illegitimate leaders and insisted on participating in peace negotiations. The civil society activists called for paramilitary forces to be merged into the SAF under civilian authority.<ref name="Dabanga_Sudan_activists_reject" />

On 12 May, the SAF and the RSF signed an agreement to allow safe passage for people leaving battle zones, protect relief workers and not to use civilians as human shields; there was no ceasefire agreement.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sudan conflict: Army and RSF agree deal to protect civilians |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65569513 |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512095107/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65569513 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 20 May, the SAF and the RSF agreed to a week long ceasefire starting at 21:45 local time (19:45 GMT) on 22 May, following talks in Jeddah.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sudan's army, Rapid Support Forces sign 7-day ceasefire|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/21/sudans-army-rapid-support-forces-sign-7-day-ceasefire|access-date=21 May 2023|archive-date=21 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521014901/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/21/sudans-army-rapid-support-forces-sign-7-day-ceasefire|url-status=live}}</ref> It was later extended until 3 June.<ref name="ceasefire extension">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-29|title=Sudan's military, RSF agree ceasefire extension|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/29/fighting-continues-in-sudan-as-latest-ceasefire-close-to-expiring|access-date=2023-05-30|archive-date=30 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530021251/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/29/fighting-continues-in-sudan-as-latest-ceasefire-close-to-expiring|url-status=live}}</ref> But on 31 May, the SAF suspended negotiations, accusing the RSF of a lack of commitment on implementing the existing ceasefire agreement and violating its terms.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-05-31|title=Sudan army suspends participation in Jeddah ceasefire talks|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/31/sudan-army-suspends-participation-in-jeddah-ceasefire-talks|access-date=2023-06-01|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604124748/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/31/sudan-army-suspends-participation-in-jeddah-ceasefire-talks|url-status=live}}</ref>

===June===
A 24-hour ceasefire was declared and implemented on 10–11 June,<ref>{{cite news|date=2023-06-09|title=Mediators announce 24-hour Sudan ceasefire from early Saturday|language=en|work=[[Aljazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/9/saudi-arabia-us-announce-24-hour-sudan-ceasefire-from-saturday|access-date=2023-06-13|archive-date=13 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613035300/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/9/saudi-arabia-us-announce-24-hour-sudan-ceasefire-from-saturday|url-status=live}}</ref> while a 72-hour ceasefire was declared and implemented on 18 June.<ref>{{cite news|date=2023-06-17|title=Sudan crisis: Five children among 17 killed in air strikes|language=en|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65938868|access-date=2023-06-18|archive-date=18 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618070502/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65938868|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 June, the RSF announced a unilateral two-day ceasefire for the [[Eid ul-Adha]] holiday. Later that same day, the SAF announced its own unilateral ceasefire for the holiday.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 June 2023|title=Sudanese army declares 'unilateral' ceasefire on first day of Eid|language=en|work=[[Aljazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/27/rsf-announces-two-day-unilateral-ceasefire-in-sudan-for-eid|access-date=27 June 2023|archive-date=27 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627072059/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/27/rsf-announces-two-day-unilateral-ceasefire-in-sudan-for-eid|url-status=live}}</ref>

===July===
After the SPLM-N joined the conflict, South Sudanese President [[Salva Kiir]] said on 4 July that persuaded the faction's leader Abdelaziz al-Hilu to stop the attacks on the SAF.<ref name="refrain">{{cite news |date=2023-07-05 |title=South Sudan president persuades SPLM-N al-Hliu to refrain from attacking Sudanese army |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article274860/ |access-date=2023-07-16}} {{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> It continued fighting with the SAF in the succeeding days, prompting Kiir to hold talks again with its leaders on 20 July.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 July 2023|title=Sudan's Kiir in talks with SPLM-N over South Kordofan attacks|language=en|work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|url=https://sudantribune.com/article275310/|access-date=21 July 2023}} {{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

On 10 July, the [[Intergovernmental Authority on Development]] (IGAD), a regional bloc composed of eight East African states, opened a summit in [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]] to explore options to end the conflict. In a statement, the bloc said it had agreed to request a summit of another regional body, the [[Eastern Africa Standby Force]], to consider the latter's possible deployment "to protect civilians and guarantee humanitarian access". The SAF boycotted the meeting after it rejected Kenyan President [[William Ruto]] as head of the committee facilitating the talks and accused Kenya of harboring the RSF.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 July 2023|title=Regional bloc calls for summit to consider Sudan troop deployment|language=en|work=[[Aljazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/10/regional-bloc-calls-for-summit-to-consider-sudan-troop-deployment|access-date=11 July 2023|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711000746/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/10/regional-bloc-calls-for-summit-to-consider-sudan-troop-deployment|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sudanese Foreign Ministry rejected the proposals for foreign intervention and took offense with Ethiopia and Kenya's claims that Sudan was suffering from a power vacuum.<ref name="reject">{{Cite news|date=11 July 2023|title=Sudan rejects African peace bid and 'enemy' peacekeeping force|language=en|work=[[Aljazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/11/sudan-rejects-african-peace-bid-and-enemy-peacekeeping-force|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719122532/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/11/sudan-rejects-african-peace-bid-and-enemy-peacekeeping-force|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 13 July, Egypt hosted a summit in [[Cairo]], wherein the SAF, the RSF and leaders of Sudan's neighboring states agreed to a new initiative to resolve the conflict. Egyptian President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] said the initiative would include establishing a lasting cease-fire, creating safe humanitarian corridors for aid delivery, and building a dialogue framework that would include all political parties and figures in the country. He also urged the warring sides to commit to peace negotiations led by the [[African Union]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 July 2023|title=Sudan's neighbors meeting in Cairo for summit agree to Egypt's initiative to try to end conflict|language=en|work=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/egypt-sudan-summit-ethiopia-dam-6c2877b05df9fa045ca59b257e9e59e8|access-date=14 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719122214/https://apnews.com/article/egypt-sudan-summit-ethiopia-dam-6c2877b05df9fa045ca59b257e9e59e8|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 15 July, the SAF returned to negotiations with the RSF in Jeddah,<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2023 |title=Sudan army returns for talks in Jeddah as war enters fourth month |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/15/sudan-army-returns-for-talks-in-jeddah-as-war-enters-fourth-month |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719122214/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/15/sudan-army-returns-for-talks-in-jeddah-as-war-enters-fourth-month |url-status=live }}</ref> but left again on 27 July, accusing the RSF of more ceasefire violations and demanding its withdrawal from Khartoum before talks could resume.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2023 |title=Sudanese army's return to negotiations hinges on RSF withdrawal from Khartoum: statement |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275554/|access-date=31 July 2023 }}</ref>

In his first video announcement since the conflict began, Hemedti said he was willing to come to a peace agreement within 72 hours if the entire SAF leadership, which he called "corrupt", were to be removed.<ref name="exchange">{{Cite news |date=15 July 2023 |title=Hemetti offers peace in exchange for Sudanese army leadership change |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275542/ |access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref>

=== August ===
On 2 August, the SAF spokesperson, Nabil Abdallah, denied reports of an imminent ceasefire between the army and the RSF in Jeddah, stating that negotiations had stalled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergman |first=Andrew |date=2023-08-03 |title=Sudan Armed Forces deny 'imminent ceasefire' as shelling ravages Khartoum hospital |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-armed-forces-deny-imminent-ceasefire-as-shelling-ravages-khartoum-hospital |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Dabanga Radio TV Online |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Sanctions==
===United States===
The repeated violations of the [[Ceasefire|ceasefire agreements]] and other atrocities during the conflict led to U.S. President [[Joe Biden]] issuing an executive order on 4 May 2023 authorizing sanctions for those deemed responsible for destabilizing Sudan, undermining the democratic transition and committing human rights abuses.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-04 |title=Biden authorizes future sanctions tied to conflict in Sudan |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/04/politics/biden-sudan-conflict-future-sanctions/index.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |work=[[CNN]] |language=en |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506030041/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/04/politics/biden-sudan-conflict-future-sanctions/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 June, the [[U.S.]] government imposed its first sanctions related to the conflict, targeting two firms associated with the SAF and two others linked to the RSF. It also imposed visa restrictions against individuals involved in the violence, but did not divulge any names.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-01|title=US imposes first sanctions over Sudan conflict|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/1/us-imposes-first-sanctions-over-sudan-conflict|access-date=2023-06-02|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604120503/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/1/us-imposes-first-sanctions-over-sudan-conflict|url-status=live}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
On 12 July, the [[United Kingdom]] announced sanctions on firms linked to the SAF and the RSF for providing funds and weapons in the conflict.<ref name="2mf24">{{cite web|title=War in Sudan has displaced over three million people, says UN|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee|website=France 24|date=12 July 2023|access-date=13 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719121709/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230712-un-wants-sudan-sides-held-to-account-as-3-million-flee|url-status=live}}</ref>

==War crimes investigations==
On 13 July 2023, the office of the [[International Criminal Court]]'s Chief Prosecutor [[Karim Ahmad Khan]] said it had launched an investigation into possible war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the course of the conflict. It is limited to Darfur due to regulations stipulated by a [[UN Security Council]] resolution made in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 July 2023|title=ICC investigating Darfur violence amid continuing Sudan conflict|language=en|work=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/13/icc-investigating-darfur-violence-amid-continuing-sudan-conflict|access-date=14 July 2023|archive-date=19 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719122214/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/13/icc-investigating-darfur-violence-amid-continuing-sudan-conflict|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 3 August, [[Amnesty International]] released its report on the conflict. Titled ''Death Came To Our Home: War Crimes and Civilian Suffering In Sudan'', it documented “mass civilian casualties in both deliberate and indiscriminate attacks" by both the SAF and the RSF, particularly in Khartoum and West Darfur. It also detailed sexual violence against women and girls as young as 12, targeted attacks on civilian facilities such as hospitals and churches, and looting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2023 |title=Amnesty International reports 'extensive war crimes' in Sudan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/amnesty-international-reports-extensive-war-crimes-in-sudan |access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref>

On 4 August, General Burhan, as chair of the [[Transitional Sovereignty Council]], established a committee tasked with investigating war crimes, human rights violations, and other crimes attributed to the RSF. The committee was to be chaired by a representative of the Attorney General, and also included officials from the Foreign and Justice Ministries, the SAF, the Police, the General Intelligence Service, and the National Commission for Human Rights.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2023 |title=Sudan forms committee to probe war crimes by Rapid Support Forces |language=en |work=[[Sudan Tribune]] |url=https://sudantribune.com/article275763/ |access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref>

Observers accused the RSF of recruiting children as young as 14 to fight against the SAF using "money" and "false pretenses", with some of them reportedly seen on the frontline in Khartoum.<ref name="childsoldier">{{Cite news |date=22 August 2023 |title=Child soldiers reported in Sudan battles |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/continuous-shelling-in-khartoum-and-omdurman-kills-more-than-eleven-in-fiercest-battles-yet |access-date=23 August 2023}}</ref>

== Disinformation ==
During the conflict, several instances of disinformation were observed, which aimed to manipulate public opinion, spread false narratives, and create confusion. Both the SAF and the RSF engaged in disinformation campaigns on social media platforms.<ref name=":1" /> The RSF heavily relied on tweets and inauthentic behavior to spread its agenda and influence local and international opinions. On the other hand, the Sudanese army used Twitter to refute RSF claims and boost army morale with false victory claims.<ref name=":1" /> The RSF had dedicated teams based in Khartoum and Dubai to engage in a digital propaganda war. They used social media, including officially verified Facebook and Twitter accounts, to showcase their activities and spread disinformation.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Very Sophisticated Disinformation War in Sudan |url=https://intpolicydigest.org/the-platform/the-very-sophisticated-disinformation-war-in-sudan/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=International Policy Digest |language=en-US}}</ref>

Various misleading videos were shared on social media platforms, falsely depicting scenes of violence in the ongoing fighting between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces. Some videos were taken from other conflicts or events, misattributed to the current crisis in Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Momanyi |first=Kevin Philips |title=Misinformation in Sudan conflict fact-checked - TRT Afrika |url=http://www.trtafrika.com/africa/misinformation-in-sudan-conflict-fact-checked-13053410 |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Misinformation in Sudan conflict fact-checked |language=en}}</ref> Some viral images on social media were unrelated or misleadingly attributed to the ongoing fighting in Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title=Sudan crisis: Don't fall for these misleading images and claims |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/27/sudan-crisis-dont-fall-for-these-misleading-images-and-claims-on-social-media |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref>

===Examples===
On 14 April, the official SAF social media page published a video which it said was of operations carried out by the Sudanese Air Force against the RSF. Al Jazeera's monitoring and verification unit claimed the video had been fabricated using footage from the video game ''[[Arma 3]]'' that was published on [[TikTok]] in March 2023. The unit claimed the video showing Sudanese army commander Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inspecting the Armoured Corps, in [[Al-Shajara, Khartoum|Al-Shajara]], was from before the fighting. A video reportedly of helicopters flying over Khartoum to participate in operations by the SAF against the RSF, which circulated on social media, turned out to be from November 2022.<ref name="Al Jazeera-2">{{Cite news |title=wahdat altahaquq bialjazirat mubashir takshif haqiqat maqatie fidyu nasharaha aljaysh alsuwdaniu wawasayil 'iielam (fidyu) |script-title=ar:وحدة التحقق بالجزيرة مباشر تكشف حقيقة مقاطع فيديو نشرها الجيش السوداني ووسائل إعلام (فيديو) |language=ar |trans-title=The Al-Jazeera Mubasher Verification Unit reveals the truth about video clips published by the Sudanese army and media (video) |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/2023/4/16/%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b4%d9%81-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-3 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417084525/https://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/politics/2023/4/16/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-3 |archive-date=17 April 2023}}</ref>

Two photos circulated on social media that depicted a burning bridge reported as Bahri bridge and a bombed building allegedly in Khartoum, were both revealed to be from the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-04-19 |title=Partly False: Two of these photos are not from the April 2023 Sudan unrest |url=https://pesacheck.org/partly-false-two-of-these-photos-are-not-from-the-april-2023-sudan-unrest-45c170e197de |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=Medium |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423004144/https://pesacheck.org/partly-false-two-of-these-photos-are-not-from-the-april-2023-sudan-unrest-45c170e197de?gi=fa0bc22d4f69 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{bcn|date=June 2023}}

In April, a video supposedly showing the RSF in control of [[Khartoum International Airport]] on 15 April circulated on social media. The fact-checking website [[Lead Stories]] found that the video had appeared online 3 months prior to the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malashenko |first=Uliana |date=27 April 2023 |title=Fact Check: Video Does NOT Show 'Sudan Rapid Support Force' In Control Of 'Khartoum International Airport And Military Base' On April 15, 2023 |url=https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/fact-check-video-does-not-show-sudan-rapid-support-force-in-control-of-khartoum-international-airport-and-military-base.html |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630183409/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/fact-check-video-does-not-show-sudan-rapid-support-force-in-control-of-khartoum-international-airport-and-military-base.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A video posted in June and taken by an RSF soldier showing purported victims of the Bashir regime turned out to have been that of mummies and human remains used as props from the M. Bolheim Bioarchaeology Laboratory in Khartoum, which were thought to date from 3300–3000 BCE.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rickett|first=Oscar|date=2 June 2023|title=Sudan's RSF raids museum and declares ancient skeletons murder victims|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-rsf-museum-skeleton-remains-murder-bashir|access-date=16 June 2023|website=Middle East Eye|language=en-US|archive-date=16 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616113953/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-rsf-museum-skeleton-remains-murder-bashir|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 5 May, the [[I (newspaper)|British newspaper I]] reported that the RSF had sent "special bulletins" to UK politicians, which it claimed were to combat "the disproportionate amount of [[disinformation]]" about the conflict. The bulletins were created with the assistance of Capital Tap Holdings, a [[Dubai]]-based investment firm which has mining interests in Sudan. The ''I'' reported that the RSF's [[Facebook]] page was being run jointly from UAE and Sudan, and its [[Instagram]] account appeared to be based in [[Saudi Arabia]], with the RSF saying its media team was based in Khartoum.<ref name=":0" />

In June, a picture of [[Hemedti]] hospitalised in [[Nairobi]], Kenya, was circulated in the social media and reported by Turkish [[Anadolu Agency]].<ref name=":2" /> Fatabyyano and Juhainah, new websites, checked the images and found it to be fabricated with the original image belongs to [[Death of Elijah McClain|Elijah McCalin]] who was killed in Colorado in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last=M |first=Saja |date=2023-06-07 |title=هذه الصورة مفبركة ولا تظهر محمد حمدان دقلو "حميدتي" في المستشفى |url=https://fatabyyano.net/هذه-الصورة-التي-قيل-إنها-تظهر-حميدتي-ف/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=فتبينوا |language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Also in June, dominant social media account holders supporting the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) attacked the Sudanese Doctors Syndicate, accusing the organization of being partial towards the RSF and collaborating with the so-called "Janjaweed" militia. These false accusations endangered the reputation and safety of the medical professionals.<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-07-05 |title=Sudan's Doctors Falsely Accused of Siding with the Rapid Support Forces - Social Media Monitoring, July 2023 - Sudan {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudans-doctors-falsely-accused-siding-rapid-support-forces-social-media-monitoring-july-2023 |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref>

===Responses===
On 11 August, [[Facebook]] shut down the main pages of the RSF due to a violation of its policy, "Dangerous Organizations and Individuals". In an alternate account, the RSF accused the SAF of lodging complaints based on false reports that led to the removal of its pages and said it was in contact with Facebook's parent company [[Meta Platforms]] to restore them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=Facebook removes RSF pages from its platforms |url=https://sudantribune.com/article276051/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Kyle Walter of [[Logically (company)|Logically]], a British disinformation analysis firm, said in May: "What's most concerning from this latest example of potential foreign interference is that it provides a look into how the nature of these threats are evolving, particularly in the context of the rapid onset of generative [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] being used to create fake images and text. Although we don't know if this so-called sophisticated 'special bulletin' was created by this technology, it is symbolic of the wider issue at hand: an inability to trust what you're seeing, reading, and the undermining of the entire information landscape."<ref name=":0" />

==Reactions==
===Domestic===
Former Prime Minister [[Abdalla Hamdok]] publicly appealed to both al-Burhan and Hemedti to cease fighting.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/sudan-khartoum-firing-coup-deal-85464b8f9b7eaf1f7ec77eb7337d7881 |title=Sudan's army and rival force battle, killing at least 56 |work=[[Associated Press]] |last1=Magdy |first1=Samy |last2=Gambrell |first2=Jon |date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415102737/https://apnews.com/article/sudan-khartoum-firing-coup-deal-85464b8f9b7eaf1f7ec77eb7337d7881 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 18 April, el-Wasig el-Bereir of the [[National Umma Party]] said he was in communication with the SAF and the RSF to get them to stop fighting immediately,<ref name="Dabanga_Sudan_analyst_says_SAF" /> while el-Fateh Hussein of the [[Sudanese resistance committees|Khartoum resistance committees]] called for the fighting to stop immediately, stating that the resistance committees had long called for the SAF to "return to their barracks" and for the RSF to be dissolved.<ref name="Dabanga_Sudan_analyst_says_SAF" />

[[Sudanese resistance committees]] coordinated medical support networks, sprayed antiwar messages on walls, and encouraged local communities to avoid siding with either the RSF or the SAF. Hamid Murtada, a member of the resistance committees, described the resistance committees as having "an important role in raising awareness to their constituencies and in supporting initiatives that [would] end the war immediately".<ref name="Sudan_resistance_activists_mobilise">{{cite Q|Q117832530|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 22 and 23 April, protests against the conflict were held by residents in Khartoum Bahri, [[Arbaji]], and [[Damazin]].<ref name="Dabanga">{{cite news |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/fighting-leads-to-internet-cuts-sudanese-protests-against-the-war |title=Fighting leads to internet cuts, Sudanese protests against the war |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |date=24 April 2023 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425062515/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/fighting-leads-to-internet-cuts-sudanese-protests-against-the-war |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 July, different groups in Kadugli organized marches against the violence in South Kordofan, some of whom supported the SAF, while others condemned the SAF, the RSF and the SPLM-N (al-Hilu).<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2023 |title=Marches as SPLM-N El Hilu and army clash in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/marches-as-splm-n-el-hilu-and-army-clash-in-south-kordofan |access-date=31 July 2023}}</ref>

On 25 July, following a meeting in [[Cairo]], four Sudanese political groupings, namely the [[Forces for Freedom and Change]], the National Movement Forces, the National Accord Forces, and the [[National Forces Alliance]], called on Burhan to form "a caretaker government" as soon as possible to rule the country during the war and promote dialogue.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-political-blocs-in-cairo-call-on-army-leader-to-form-caretaker-government |title=Sudan political blocs in Cairo call on army leader to form 'caretaker government' |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |date=26 July 2023 |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref>

On 30 July, nurses of the Port Sudan Teaching Hospital Emergency Department went on strike in protest over the non-payment of salaries since the beginning of the conflict, forcing the closure of the hospital since then after other departments joined.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/heat-stroke-claims-13-lives-in-port-sudan-hospital-staff-strike-continues |title=Heat stroke claims 13 lives in Port Sudan, hospital staff strike continues |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref>

In response to calls by SPLM-N faction leader and Transitional Sovereignty Council Deputy Chair [[Malik Agar]] to support the SAF, the [[Sudanese Communist Party]] called on upon "the tribes and people of Sudan to resist calls for recruiting their youth to favour either of the warring parties" in a statement released on 6 August. Other political groups such as the Forces for Freedom and Change-Central Council and the [[Sudan Revolutionary Front]] also expressed their rejection of the conflict and said on 7 August that they had positioned themselves "equidistant" from both the SAF and the RSF.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/non-aligned-parties-reject-malik-agars-calls-to-support-saf-in-sudan-war |title=Non-aligned parties reject Malik Agar's calls to support SAF in Sudan war |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |date=8 August 2023 |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref>

=== International ===
On 19 April, diplomatic missions in Sudan, which included those of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[South Korea]], Spain, [[Switzerland]], Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the [[European Union]], issued a joint statement calling for fighting parties to observe their obligations under international law, specifically urging them to "protect civilians, diplomats and humanitarian actors," avoid further escalations and initiate talks to "resolve outstanding issues".<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2023 |title=Diplomatic missions call for ceasefire |language=en |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down |access-date=2023-04-19 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419075016/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/19/sudan-unrest-live-news-fighting-rages-as-ceasefire-breaks-down |url-status=live}}</ref>

Many countries condemned the violence and called on the warring sides to cease fighting and resume the [[Sudanese transition to democracy|democratic transition]],<ref>{{cite news |title=China, highly concerned about Sudan situation, calls for ceasefire |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-china-idAFB8N35N026 |work=Reuters |access-date=18 April 2023 |language=en |date=16 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418031014/https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-china-idAFB8N35N026 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2023/04/16/Saudi-FM-makes-two-phone-calls-to-Sudan-s-Burhan-and-RSF-commander |title=Saudi FM urges halt to military escalation in Sudan in calls with Burhan, RSF leader |date=16 April 2023 |access-date=21 April 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421104535/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2023/04/16/Saudi-FM-makes-two-phone-calls-to-Sudan-s-Burhan-and-RSF-commander |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-20 |title=Turkey calls both sides to end fighting and return to negotiations |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed |access-date=2023-04-20 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420102305/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/20/sudan-live-news-ceasefire-falters-as-nearly-300-killed |url-status=live }}</ref> while Egypt, South Sudan and [[Israel]] offered to mediate between the SAF and the RSF.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 April 2023 |title=Egypt and South Sudan offer to mediate between Sudanese sides |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144810/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2023-04-24|title=Israel proposes hosting Sudan rivals for ceasefire talks|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/24/sudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Melimopoulos|first2=Dalia|last2=Hatuqa|access-date=2023-04-25|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425053712/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/24/sudan-live-news-evacuations-speed-up-during-a-fighting-lull?fbclid=IwAR05salRSz0v4yY7ZYAyNWlyuH1QRPvzDoi5hK0YEkMbrlyRr_BeUUTaW7A|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Sudan's neighbors, including [[Chad]], [[Egypt]] and [[South Sudan]] closed their border with Sudan,<ref name="BBC News" /><ref name ="AJfierce">{{Cite news |date=17 April 2023 |title=Fierce fighting continues in Sudan after brief humanitarian pause |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/fighting-rages-in-sudan-despite-humanitarian-pause |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416211407/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/fighting-rages-in-sudan-despite-humanitarian-pause |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-06-23|title=Sudan army-RSF clashes reported in South Kordofan capital|language=en|work=[[Radio Dabanga]]|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-rsf-clashes-reported-in-south-kordofan-capital|access-date=2023-07-16|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707110702/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-army-rsf-clashes-reported-in-south-kordofan-capital|url-status=live}}</ref> while Eritrea said it would not establish refugee camps for those crossing its border from Sudan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bekit|first=Teklemariam|date=2023-05-01|title=Sudan should only have one army – Eritrea's president|language=en|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361155|access-date=2023-05-01|archive-date=2 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502140630/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-65361155|url-status=live}}</ref>

International organizations also echoed demands for an end to the fighting and the restoration of civilian government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2023 |title=Arab League calls for an end to 'armed clashes' in Sudan |language=en |work=[[Aljazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416144810/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/4/16/sudan-unrest-live-news-dozens-dead-as-fighting-enters-second-day |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2023 |title=EU's Borrell calls on all forces in Sudan to stop violence, says EU staff safe |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-eu-idAFFWN36I0B5 |access-date=2023-04-16 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417064549/https://www.reuters.com/article/sudan-politics-eu-idAFFWN36I0B5 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=UN chief and officials condemn fighting between Sudanese forces {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/04/1135702 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=news.un.org |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415164735/https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/04/1135702 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[War in Darfur]]
*[[2021 Sudan coup d'état]]
*[[Timeline of the 2023 Sudan conflict]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Blackall |first1=Molly |last2=Holmes |first2=Richard |date=2023-05-05 |title='Ethical' private equity firm helped a notorious Sudan militia to lobby UK MPs |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/ethical-private-equity-firm-dubai-sudan-militia-lobby-uk-mps-2319805 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507115419/https://inews.co.uk/news/ethical-private-equity-firm-dubai-sudan-militia-lobby-uk-mps-2319805 |archive-date=7 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=[[i (newspaper)|i]] |language=en}}</ref>

<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Suleiman |first=Ali Sam |date=2023-05-19 |title=How Disinformation Campaigns Endanger Lives in Sudan |url=https://smex.org/how-disinformation-campaigns-endanger-lives-in-sudan/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=SMEX |language=en-US}}</ref>

<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=جهينة |date=2023-06-16 |title=ما حقيقة وجود حميدتي بالمستشفى الرئاسي بالعاصمة الكينية نيروبي؟ |url=https://www.juhainah.net/ar/3289/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=جهينة |language=ar}}</ref>

<ref name="EEPA27/07/2023">{{cite news |date=2023-07-13 |title=SITUATION REPORT - HORN OF AFRICA No. 466 - 27 July 2023 |language=en |work=[[EEPA]] |url=https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-466-27-July-2023.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727210059/https://www.eepa.be//wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Situation-Report-EEPA-Horn-No.-466-27-July-2023.pdf |archive-date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref>

<ref name="terrain">{{cite news |date=3 July 2023 |title=SPLM-N El Hilu wins terrain in South Kordofan |language=en |work=[[Radio Dabanga]] |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703150833/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/splm-n-el-hilu-wins-terrain-in-south-kordofan |archive-date=2023-07-03 |access-date=2023-08-15}}</ref>

<ref name="Dabanga_Sudan_analyst_says_SAF">{{cite Q|Q117787667|url-status=live}}</ref>

}}

{{2023 Sudan conflict}}
{{Post-Cold War African conflicts}}
{{Sudanese coups}}
{{Coup d'état}}
{{Sudanese Revolution}}
{{Sudan topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudan conflict, 2023}}
[[Category:2023 Sudan conflict| ]]
[[Category:2020s coups d'état and coup attempts]]
[[Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Africa]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2023]]
[[Category:Coup-based civil wars]]
[[Category:April 2023 events in Sudan]]
[[Category:May 2023 events in Sudan]]
[[Category:June 2023 events in Sudan]]
[[Category:July 2023 events in Sudan]]
[[Category:Political history of Sudan]]
[[Category:Sudanese Revolution]]
[[Category:Wars involving Sudan]]
[[Category:Attempted coups d'état in Sudan|2023 Sudanese coup d'état attempt]]

Revision as of 13:11, 28 August 2023

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