Qajar (tribe): Difference between revisions
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The '''Qajars''' ({{lang-az|Qacarlar}}; {{lang-fa|ایل قاجار}}){{efn|also spelled '''Kadjars''', '''Kajars''', '''Kadzhars''', '''Cadzhars''', '''Cadjars''', '''Ghajars''', etc.}} are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribe |
The '''Qajars''' ({{lang-az|Qacarlar}}; {{lang-fa|ایل قاجار}}){{efn|also spelled '''Kadjars''', '''Kajars''', '''Kadzhars''', '''Cadzhars''', '''Cadjars''', '''Ghajars''', etc.}} are a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribe of [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz Turkic]] (ie. [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkoman]]) descent{{Sfn|Sümer|1978|p=387}}{{Sfn|Lambton|1978|p=387–399}} originated from the [[Bayat (tribe)|Bayat tribe]] of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, mostly live in northwestern [[Iran]] and also [[Azerbaijan]]. |
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With the end of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] era, they had split into several factions.{{sfn|Atkin|1980|page=9}} These included the [[Ziyadoghlu Qajar|Ziyādoghlu]] (Ziādlu), associated with the area of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Yerevan]], as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.{{sfn|Atkin|1980|page=9}} |
With the end of the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] era, they had split into several factions.{{sfn|Atkin|1980|page=9}} These included the [[Ziyadoghlu Qajar|Ziyādoghlu]] (Ziādlu), associated with the area of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Yerevan]], as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.{{sfn|Atkin|1980|page=9}} |
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| caption2 = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], final [[shah]] (King) of the Qajar dynasty |
| caption2 = [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]], final [[shah]] (King) of the Qajar dynasty |
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The Qajars were one of the original |
The Qajars were one of the original Turkoman [[Qizilbash]] tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around tenth and eleventh centuries.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries|last=Fukasawa|first=Katsumi|last2=Kaplan|first2=Benjamin J.|last3=Beaurepaire|first3=Pierre-Yves|date=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781138743205|location=Oxon|pages=280}}</ref> They later supplied power to the Safavids since this dynasty's earliest days.<ref name=":0" /> Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state. In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, [[Mohammad Khan Qajar|Agha Mohammed]], a member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the [[Qajar dynasty]] which replaced the [[Zand dynasty]] in Iran. He launched his campaign from his power base south of the Caspian Sea, capturing its capital Isfahan in 1785.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=War in the Eighteenth-Century World|last=Black|first=Jeremy|date=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-37002-9|location=New York|pages=141}}</ref> A year later, Tehran accepted Mohammed's authority.<ref name=":1" /> |
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According to ''Olson et al''., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the [[Russian Empire]] and [[Soviet Union]], the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia, they resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and are considered to be a subgroup of the [[Azerbaijanis]].<ref name="olson" /> ''Olston et al''. adds that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.<ref name="olson" /> |
According to ''Olson et al''., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the [[Russian Empire]] and [[Soviet Union]], the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia, they resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and are considered to be a subgroup of the [[Azerbaijanis]].<ref name="olson" /> ''Olston et al''. adds that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.<ref name="olson" /> |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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* {{EI2|last=Lambton|first=A.K.S.|title=Ḳād̲j̲ār|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kadjar-SIM_3768?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Kadjar|pages=387-399|volume=4}} |
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* Akiner, Shiran (1983) ''Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union'' Kegan Paul International, London, {{ISBN|0-7103-0025-5}} |
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* {{EI2|last=Sümer|first=Faruk|title=Ḳād̲j̲ār|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/kadjar-SIM_3767?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Kadjar|page=387|volume=4}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Atkin|first1=Muriel|title=Russia and Iran, 1780–1828|date=1980|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-5697-4}} |
* {{cite book|last1=Atkin|first1=Muriel|title=Russia and Iran, 1780–1828|date=1980|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-5697-4}} |
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* Wixman, Ronald (1984) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WKrN10g4whAC The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook]'' |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 13:42, 20 September 2023
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| over 35,000[1] (1994) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Iran | |
| Languages | |
| Azerbaijani[2] | |
| Religion | |
| Islam[3] |
The Qajars (Azerbaijani: Qacarlar; Persian: ایل قاجار)[a] are a Turkic tribe of Oghuz Turkic (ie. Turkoman) descent[4][5] originated from the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, mostly live in northwestern Iran and also Azerbaijan.
With the end of the Safavid era, they had split into several factions.[6] These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.[6]
Background
Ahmad Shah Qajar, final shah (King) of the Qajar dynasty
The Qajars were one of the original Turkoman Qizilbash tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around tenth and eleventh centuries.[7] They later supplied power to the Safavids since this dynasty's earliest days.[7] Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state. In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, Agha Mohammed, a member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the Qajar dynasty which replaced the Zand dynasty in Iran. He launched his campaign from his power base south of the Caspian Sea, capturing its capital Isfahan in 1785.[8] A year later, Tehran accepted Mohammed's authority.[8]
According to Olson et al., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia, they resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and are considered to be a subgroup of the Azerbaijanis.[1] Olston et al. adds that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.[1]
A branch, attested only as 'Kadzhar' (i.e. 'Qajar' via Cyrillic transcription), lived in Russian Armenia in the 19th century and likely earlier. In 1873, they numbered 5,000.[citation needed]
See also
Notes
- ^ also spelled Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Cadjars, Ghajars, etc.
References
- ^ a b c Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.
- ^ "Azerbaijani, South". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ "КАДЖАРЫ". Большой энциклопедический словарь (in Russian). Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ Sümer 1978, p. 387.
- ^ Lambton 1978, p. 387–399.
- ^ a b Atkin 1980, p. 9.
- ^ a b Fukasawa, Katsumi; Kaplan, Benjamin J.; Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017). Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries. Oxon: Taylor & Francis. p. 280. ISBN 9781138743205.
- ^ a b Black, Jeremy (2012). War in the Eighteenth-Century World. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-230-37002-9.
Sources
- Lambton, A.K.S. (1978). "Ḳād̲j̲ār". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 387–399. OCLC 758278456.
- Sümer, Faruk (1978). "Ḳād̲j̲ār". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 387. OCLC 758278456.
- Atkin, Muriel (1980). Russia and Iran, 1780–1828. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5697-4.
External links
- International Qajar Studies Association. Origins of the Qajars (Kadjars)
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