Wynn: Difference between revisions
Undid revision 1153672298 by 181.65.0.125 (talk) undoing an edit which left a sentence broken and removed valid characters, while commenting "Runic Letters arent'wynn"; there was of course an Anglo-Saxon rune of that name, as well as its descendant the letter of that name; I have no idea what else that comment could have been trying to convey. |
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[[File:Hildebrandslied2. wynn rune.jpg|thumb|Wynn in the ''[[Hildebrandslied]]'' manuscript (830s): the text reads '''''ƿ'''iges '''ƿ'''arne'']] |
[[File:Hildebrandslied2. wynn rune.jpg|thumb|Wynn in the ''[[Hildebrandslied]]'' manuscript (830s): the text reads '''''ƿ'''iges '''ƿ'''arne'']] |
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[[File:Her swutelað seo gecwydrædnes ðe.jpg|thumb|Capital wynn appears twice in this 10th century inscription in [[Breamore]]: ''her s'''ƿ'''utelað seo gec'''ƿ'''ydrædnes ðe'']] |
[[File:Her swutelað seo gecwydrædnes ðe.jpg|thumb|Capital wynn appears twice in this 10th century inscription in [[Breamore]]: ''her s'''ƿ'''utelað seo gec'''ƿ'''ydrædnes ðe'']] |
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'''Wynn''' or '''wyn'''<ref>{{OED|wyn}}</ref> ({{lang|ang|Ƿ ƿ}}; also spelled '''wen''', '''ƿynn''', and ''' |
'''Wynn''' or '''wyn'''<ref>{{OED|wyn}}</ref> ({{lang|ang|Ƿ ƿ}}; also spelled '''wen''', '''win''', '''ƿynn''', '''ƿen''', and '''ƿin''') is a letter of the [[Old English Latin alphabet|Old English alphabet]], where it is used to represent the sound {{IPA|/w/}}. |
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== History == |
== History == |
Revision as of 23:21, 16 October 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2012) |
Ƿ | |
---|---|
Ƿ ƿ | |
(See below) | |
![]() | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Futhorc |
Typ | Alphabetic and Logographic |
Language of origin | Old English language |
Sound values | [w] /wɪn/ |
In Unicode | U+01F7, U+01BF |
History | |
Development | ᚹ
|
Time period | ~700 to ~1100 |
Descendants | Ꝩ ꝩ |
Sisters | None |
Transliterations | w |
Variations | (See below) |
Other | |
Associated graphs | w |
Writing direction | Left-to-Right |
Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English |
---|---|---|
*Wunjō | Wynn | |
"joy" | ||
Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc |
![]() | ||
Unicode | ᚹ U+16B9 | |
Transliteration | w | |
Transcription | w | |
IPA | [w] | |
Position in rune-row | 8 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Hildebrandslied2._wynn_rune.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Her_swutela%C3%B0_seo_gecwydr%C3%A6dnes_%C3%B0e.jpg/220px-Her_swutela%C3%B0_seo_gecwydr%C3%A6dnes_%C3%B0e.jpg)
Wynn or wyn[1] (Ƿ ƿ; also spelled wen, win, ƿynn, ƿen, and ƿin) is a letter of the Old English alphabet, where it is used to represent the sound /w/.
History
The letter "W"
While the earliest Old English texts represent this phoneme with the digraph ⟨uu⟩, scribes soon borrowed the rune wynn ᚹ for this purpose. It remained a standard letter throughout the Anglo-Saxon era, eventually falling out of use during the Middle English period, circa 1300.[2] In post-wynn texts it was sometimes replaced with ⟨u⟩ but often replaced with a ligature form of ⟨uu⟩, from which the modern letter ⟨w⟩ developed.
Meaning
The denotation of the rune is "joy, bliss" known from the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poems:[3]
ᚹ Ƿenne brūceþ, þe can ƿēana lẏt
sāres and sorge and him sẏlfa hæf
blǣd and blẏsse and eac bẏrga geniht.— Lines 22–24 in The Anglo-Saxon Runic Poem
Who uses it knows no pain,
sorrow nor anxiety, and he himself has
prosperity and bliss, and also enough shelter— Translation slightly modified from Dickins (1915)
Miscellaneous
It is not continued in the Younger Futhark, but in the Gothic alphabet the letter 𐍅 w is called winja, allowing a Proto-Germanic reconstruction of the rune's name as *wunjô "joy".
It is one of the two runes (along with þ) to have been borrowed into the English alphabet (or any extension of the Latin alphabet). A modified version of the letter wynn called vend was used briefly in Old Norse for the sounds /u/, /v/, and /w/.
As with þ, the letter wynn was revived in modern times for the printing of Old English texts, but since the early 20th century the usual practice has been to substitute the modern ⟨w⟩.
Wynn in Unicode
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Wynn.svg/125px-Wynn.svg.png)
The following wynn and wynn-related characters are in Unicode:[4]
- U+01F7 Ƿ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN
- U+01BF ƿ LATIN LETTER WYNN
- U+16B9 ᚹ RUNIC LETTER WUNJO WYNN W
- U+A768 Ꝩ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VEND
- U+A769 ꝩ LATIN SMALL LETTER VEND
- U+A7D5 ꟕ LATIN SMALL LETTER DOUBLE WYNN[5]
Computing codes
Vorschau | Ƿ | ƿ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN | LATIN SMALL LETTER WYNN | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 503 | U+01F7 | 447 | U+01BF |
UTF-8 | 199 183 | C7 B7 | 198 191 | C6 BF |
Numeric character reference | Ƿ |
Ƿ |
ƿ |
ƿ |
References
- ^ "wyn". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Freeborn, Dennis (1992). From Old English to Standard English. London: MacMillan. p. 25. ISBN 9780776604695.
- ^ Dickins, Bruce (1915). Runic and Heroic Poems of the Old Teutonic Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 14-15.
- ^ "UCD: UnicodeData.txt". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ^ Everson, Michael; West, Andrew (2020-10-05). "L2/20-268: Revised proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF).