Sultanate of Swat: Difference between revisions
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{{distinguish|Swat (princely state)}} |
{{distinguish|Swat (princely state)}} |
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The '''Sultanate of Swāt''' or '''Swat Sultanate''' was a [[late medieval]]{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}[[Dardic|Dārdic]]{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|loc=p.190–191: The family of the sultans of Swat and the nobility spoke Gibri, the Dardic language of Bajaur, and the common people spoke Yadri, another Dardic language.}}{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}kingdom centred around the city of [[Manglawar]] between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|loc=p.177: The Jahangiri sultans of Swat were most powerful of several local rulers in the Dardic-speaking regions}} in the region, encompassing whole of [[Malakand District|Malakand]], [[Buner]], [[Swat District|Swat]] and [[Dir District|Dir]] valleys,{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=177}} as well as upper [[Hazara Division|Hazara]] region.{{sfn|Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. |2002|p=68}} During most of 15th century, the sultanate bordered [[Kashmir Sultanate]] to the east, [[Delhi Sultanate]] to the south, [[Timurid Empire]] to the west and the state of [[Chitral]] to the north. [[Swati tribe|Swatis]] were the dominant group in the kingdom.{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=191}} Sultan Pakhal was the first known ruler. Their last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri,{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=191}}{{sfn|Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. |2002|p=68}} during whose reign the Sultanate was ultimately conquered in a series of battles by [[Yousafzai|Yousafza'i Pashtuns]] with the assistance of Mughal emperor [[Babur]] between 1510 and 1518.{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=193}} Some accounts trace the origin of [[Shah Mir dynasty|Shahmiri dynasty]] of Kashmir from these rulers of Swāt.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Saligram |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&pg=PA108&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv5-Wgoc-CAxUdgf0HHWgQDAMQ6AF6BAgOEAM |title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace: Proceedings of National Seminar by Kashmir Education Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delhi |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0402-0 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC&pg=PA42&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSzoGUgtKCAxW0Q_EDHWJQBJIQ6AF6BAgMEAM |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |pages=42 |language=en}}</ref> |
The '''Sultanate of Swāt''' or '''Swat Sultanate''' was a [[late medieval]]{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}[[Dardic|Dārdic]]{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|loc=p.190–191: The family of the sultans of Swat and the nobility spoke Gibri, the Dardic language of Bajaur, and the common people spoke Yadri, another Dardic language.}}[unreliable source]{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}kingdom centred around the city of [[Manglawar]] between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|loc=p.177: The Jahangiri sultans of Swat were most powerful of several local rulers in the Dardic-speaking regions}} in the region, encompassing whole of [[Malakand District|Malakand]], [[Buner]], [[Swat District|Swat]] and [[Dir District|Dir]] valleys,{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=177}} as well as upper [[Hazara Division|Hazara]] region.{{sfn|Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. |2002|p=68}} During most of 15th century, the sultanate bordered [[Kashmir Sultanate]] to the east, [[Delhi Sultanate]] to the south, [[Timurid Empire]] to the west and the state of [[Chitral]] to the north. [[Swati tribe|Swatis]] were the dominant group in the kingdom.{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=191}} Sultan Pakhal was the first known ruler. Their last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri,{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=191}}{{sfn|Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. |2002|p=68}} during whose reign the Sultanate was ultimately conquered in a series of battles by [[Yousafzai|Yousafza'i Pashtuns]] with the assistance of Mughal emperor [[Babur]] between 1510 and 1518.{{sfn|Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus|1988|p=193}} Some accounts trace the origin of [[Shah Mir dynasty|Shahmiri dynasty]] of Kashmir from these rulers of Swāt.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Saligram |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&pg=PA108&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv5-Wgoc-CAxUdgf0HHWgQDAMQ6AF6BAgOEAM |title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace: Proceedings of National Seminar by Kashmir Education Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delhi |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0402-0 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC&pg=PA42&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSzoGUgtKCAxW0Q_EDHWJQBJIQ6AF6BAgMEAM |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |pages=42 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 04:16, 29 November 2023
The Sultanate of Swāt or Swat Sultanate was a late medieval[citation needed]Dārdic[citation needed][1][unreliable source][citation needed]kingdom centred around the city of Manglawar between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states[citation needed][2] in the region, encompassing whole of Malakand, Buner, Swat and Dir valleys,[3] as well as upper Hazara region.[4] During most of 15th century, the sultanate bordered Kashmir Sultanate to the east, Delhi Sultanate to the south, Timurid Empire to the west and the state of Chitral to the north. Swatis were the dominant group in the kingdom.[5] Sultan Pakhal was the first known ruler. Their last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri,[5][4] during whose reign the Sultanate was ultimately conquered in a series of battles by Yousafza'i Pashtuns with the assistance of Mughal emperor Babur between 1510 and 1518.[6] Some accounts trace the origin of Shahmiri dynasty of Kashmir from these rulers of Swāt.[7][8]
References
- ^ Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus 1988, p.190–191: The family of the sultans of Swat and the nobility spoke Gibri, the Dardic language of Bajaur, and the common people spoke Yadri, another Dardic language..
- ^ Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus 1988, p.177: The Jahangiri sultans of Swat were most powerful of several local rulers in the Dardic-speaking regions.
- ^ Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus 1988, p. 177.
- ^ a b Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. 2002, p. 68.
- ^ a b Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus 1988, p. 191.
- ^ Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus 1988, p. 193.
- ^ Bhatt, Saligram (2008). Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace: Proceedings of National Seminar by Kashmir Education Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delhi. APH Publishing. p. 108. ISBN 978-81-313-0402-0.
- ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2005). Kashmir Under the Sultans. Aakar Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-81-87879-49-7.
Sources
- Joseph Theodore Arlinghaus (1988). The Transformation of Afghan Tribal Society: Tribal Expansion, Mughal Imperialism and the Roshaniyya Insurrection, 1450-1600. Duke University.
- Inam-ur-Rahim; Viaro, Alain M. (2002). Swat: An Afghan Society in Pakistan : Urbanisation and Change in Tribal Environment. City Press. ISBN 978-969-8380-55-7.
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