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Immanuel Nobel the Younger (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [nʊˈbɛlː]; 24 March 1801 – 3 September 1872) was a Swedish engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist. He was the inventor of the rotary lathe used in plywood manufacturing. He was a member of the Nobel family and the father of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel, Alfred Nobel and Emil Oskar Nobel. In 1827 he married the children's mother, Andriette Ahlsell.^[1]^[2] He also often experimented with nitroglycerin with his sons, which led to his son Emil Oskar's death because of an explosion at his father's factory Heleneborg in Stockholm in 1864.

Nobel moved to Russia from Sweden in 1838, to sell his inventions in Saint Petersburg, where he lived for two decades with his family. In Saint Petersburg he was attached to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Katarina along with other Swedes such as Johan Patrik Ljungström, with whom he may have collaborated.^[3] Among his successful creations was an improved version of an underwater exploding mine that personally interested Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Immanuel founded a war supplies factory, Fonderies et Ateliers Mécaniques Nobel Fils, which turned out to be a very profitable business. However, the death of Nicholas I in 1855 and the end of the Crimean War in 1856 brought about a shift in Russian policies and the new Tsar Alexander II ordered a severe cut in the military budget that eventually placed Immanuel's company in serious economic difficulties. In 1859, the technical management of Nobel Fils was passed to Immanuel's son Ludvig and the former returned to Sweden. In 1862, Immanuel's firm was finally sold by his creditors.^[4]

References

^ Nilzén, Göran (2004). "Immanuel Nobel - mångsysslaren med ett växlingsrikt liv". Personhistorisk Tidskrift (in Swedish). 100 (2): 157–162. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
^ Fant, Kenne (1993). Alfred Nobel: A Bibliography. Translated by Ruuth, Marianne. New York: Arcade Publishing, Inc. p. 14.
^ Fredrik Ljungström 1875-1964 - Uppfinnare och inspiratör (1999), Olof Ljungström
^ LeVine, S. (2007) The Oil and the Glory. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50614-7. p. 16

Sources

Tolf, Robert W. (1976). The Russian Rockefellers: The Saga of the Nobel Family and the Russian Oil Industry. Hoover Press. ISBN 0-8179-6581-5.
Schück, Henrik, Ragnar Sohlman, Anders Österling, Carl Gustaf Bernhard, the Nobel Foundation, and Wilhelm Odelberg, eds. Nobel: The Man and His Prizes. 1950. 3rd ed. Coordinating Ed., Wilhelm Odelberg. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., 1972, p. 14. ISBN 0-444-00117-4 (10). ISBN 978-0-444-00117-7 (13). (Originally published in Swedish as Nobelprisen 50 år: forskare, diktare, fredskämpar.)
Yergin, Daniel (2003): The Prize: the Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, Free Press, p. 58. ISBN 0-671-79932-0
Åsbrink, Brita (2001): Ludvig Nobel: "Petroleum har en lysande framtid!" Wahlström & Widstrand, p. 19. ISBN 978-91-46-18181-1

External links

Media related to Immanuel Nobel at Wikimedia Commons
Immanuel Nobel

[1] Nilzén, Göran (2004). "Immanuel Nobel - mångsysslaren med ett växlingsrikt liv". Personhistorisk Tidskrift (in Swedish). 100 (2): 157–162. Retrieved 21 October 2019.

[2] Fant, Kenne (1993). Alfred Nobel: A Bibliography. Translated by Ruuth, Marianne. New York: Arcade Publishing, Inc. p. 14.

[3] Fredrik Ljungström 1875-1964 - Uppfinnare och inspiratör (1999), Olof Ljungström

[4] LeVine, S. (2007) The Oil and the Glory. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50614-7. p. 16

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 {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
 [[File:Immanuel Nobel dy.jpg|thumb|Picture of Immanuel Nobel, the younger]]
-'''Immanuel Nobel the Younger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|oʊ|ˈ|b|ɛ|l}} {{respell|noh|BEL}}, {{IPA-sv|nʊˈbɛlː|lang}}; 24 March 1801 – 3 September 1872) was a [[Swedish people|Swedish]] engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist. He was the inventor of the rotary [[Lathe (tool)|lathe]] used in [[plywood]] manufacturing. He was a member of the [[Nobel family]] and the father of [[Robert Nobel]], [[Ludvig Nobel]],  [[Alfred Nobel]] and [[ Emil Oskar Nobel]]. In 1827 he married the children's mother, [[Andriette Nobel| Andriette Ahlsell]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nilzén |first1=Göran |date=2004 |title=Immanuel Nobel - mångsysslaren med ett växlingsrikt liv |url=http://personhistoriskasamfundet.org/1999-2/ |journal=Personhistorisk Tidskrift |volume=100 |issue=2 |language=Swedish |pages=157–162 |access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fant |first1=Kenne |translator-last1=Ruuth |translator-first1=Marianne |date=1993 |title=Alfred Nobel: A Bibliography |location=New York |publisher=Arcade Publishing, Inc. |page=14}}</ref> He also often experimented with [[Nitroglycerin]] with his sons, which led to his son Emil Oskar's death because of an explosion at his father's factory [[Heleneborg]] in [[Stockholm]] in 1864.
+'''Immanuel Nobel the Younger''' ({{IPAc-en|n|oʊ|ˈ|b|ɛ|l}} {{respell|noh|BEL}}, {{IPA-sv|nʊˈbɛlː|lang}}; 24 March 1801 – 3 September 1872) was a [[Swedish people|Swedish]] engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist. He was the inventor of the rotary [[Lathe (tool)|lathe]] used in [[plywood]] manufacturing. He was a member of the [[Nobel family]] and the father of [[Robert Nobel]], [[Ludvig Nobel]],  [[Alfred Nobel]] and [[ Emil Oskar Nobel]]. In 1827 he married the children's mother, [[Andriette Nobel| Andriette Ahlsell]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nilzén |first1=Göran |date=2004 |title=Immanuel Nobel - mångsysslaren med ett växlingsrikt liv |url=http://personhistoriskasamfundet.org/1999-2/ |journal=Personhistorisk Tidskrift |volume=100 |issue=2 |language=Swedish |pages=157–162 |access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fant |first1=Kenne |translator-last1=Ruuth |translator-first1=Marianne |date=1993 |title=Alfred Nobel: A Bibliography |location=New York |publisher=Arcade Publishing, Inc. |page=14}}</ref> He also often experimented with [[nitroglycerin]] with his sons, which led to his son Emil Oskar's death because of an explosion at his father's factory [[Heleneborg]] in [[Stockholm]] in 1864.
 Nobel moved to Russia from Sweden in 1838, to sell his inventions in [[Saint Petersburg]], where he lived for two decades with his family. In Saint Petersburg he was attached to the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Katarina]] along with other Swedes such as [[Johan Patrik Ljungström]], with whom he may have collaborated.<ref>''Fredrik Ljungström 1875-1964 - Uppfinnare och inspiratör'' (1999), [[Olof Ljungström]]</ref> Among his successful creations was an improved version of an underwater exploding [[naval mine|mine]] that personally interested [[Tsar Nicholas&nbsp;I]] of Russia. Immanuel founded a war supplies factory, Fonderies et Ateliers Mécaniques Nobel Fils, which turned out to be a very profitable business. However, the death of [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas&nbsp;I]] in 1855 and the end of the [[Crimean War]] in 1856 brought about a shift in Russian policies and the new [[Tsar Alexander&nbsp;II]] ordered a severe cut in the military budget that eventually placed Immanuel's company in serious economic difficulties. In 1859, the technical management of Nobel Fils was passed to Immanuel's son Ludvig and the former returned to Sweden. In 1862, Immanuel's firm was finally sold by his creditors.<ref>[[Steve LeVine|LeVine, S.]] (2007) ''The Oil and the Glory''. Random House. {{ISBN|978-0-375-50614-7}}. p. 16</ref>

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