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== Uses of the Phrase ==
== Uses of the Phrase ==
[[Ber Borochov]] described the employment structure of [[Ashkenazi Jews]] as an inverted pyramid, a narrow base with a few Jews working in productive employments, and on top of it the wide area that encompasses most Jews who have various "air businesses" like [[mediation]], [[trade]], and [[Loan|money-lending]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Borochov |first=Dov Ber |title=לשאלת ציון וטריטוריה |publisher=Ha'Kibutz Ha'Meukhad & Sifriyat Ha'Poalim |date=June-October 1905 |location=Tel Aviv, Israel |publication-date=1955 |pages=41–42 |language=Hebrew |trans-title=About Zion & Territory}}</ref>
[[Ber Borochov]] described the employment structure of [[Ashkenazi Jews]] as an inverted pyramid, a narrow base with a few Jews working in productive employments, and on top of it the wide area that encompasses most Jews who have various "air businesses" like [[mediation]], [[trade]], and [[Loan|money-lending]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Borochov |first=Dov Ber |title=לשאלת ציון וטריטוריה |publisher=Ha'Kibutz Ha'Meukhad & Sifriyat Ha'Poalim |date=June–October 1905 |location=Tel Aviv, Israel |publication-date=1955 |pages=41–42 |language=Hebrew |trans-title=About Zion & Territory}}</ref>


In [[Modern Hebrew]], the phrases "luftgeschaeft" and "air business" were more common in the past, but are still used as a derogatory term for various professions like: [[law]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dad was shocked and said, "law? that's luftgeschäft" |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3386252,00.html |website=Calcalist|date=14 January 2010 }}</ref> investing in the [[capital market]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uri Avneri: "The tycoons are parasites. Dankner only deals in air business." |url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000881041 |website=Globes| date=26 September 2013 | last1=גורביץ | first1=נירית }}</ref> and in the [[stock exchange]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Issuing the Altschuler Shaham provident fund proves: You can create out of nothing. |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/markets/articles/0,7340,L-3766327,00.html |website=Calcalist|date=15 July 2019 }}</ref> various financing and trading businesses,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Businesses |url=https://mida.org.il/2014/02/05/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8/ |website=Mida}}</ref> and inverting in [[Cryptocurrency|cryptocurrencies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Businesses: The banking institution explains why Bitcoin is a sham |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/internet/articles/0,7340,L-3721163,00.html |website=Calcalist|date=13 September 2017 }}</ref> For example, some have made the comparison between Israeli businessmen [[Nochi Dankner]] and the IDB group to [[Stef Wertheimer]] and ISCAR Ltd. to illustrate the differences between a luftgeschaeft, or an air business, and a productive industry.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The difference between Wertheimer and Dankner |url=https://www.themarker.com/markerweek/2013-05-03/ty-article-opinion/0000017f-e0d9-d804-ad7f-f1fb4e890000 |journal=TheMarker}}</ref>
In [[Modern Hebrew]], the phrases "luftgeschaeft" and "air business" were more common in the past, but are still used as a derogatory term for various professions like: [[law]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dad was shocked and said, "law? that's luftgeschäft" |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3386252,00.html |website=Calcalist|date=14 January 2010 }}</ref> investing in the [[capital market]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uri Avneri: "The tycoons are parasites. Dankner only deals in air business." |url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000881041 |website=Globes| date=26 September 2013 | last1=גורביץ | first1=נירית }}</ref> and in the [[stock exchange]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Issuing the Altschuler Shaham provident fund proves: You can create out of nothing. |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/markets/articles/0,7340,L-3766327,00.html |website=Calcalist|date=15 July 2019 }}</ref> various financing and trading businesses,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Businesses |url=https://mida.org.il/2014/02/05/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8/ |website=Mida}}</ref> and inverting in [[Cryptocurrency|cryptocurrencies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Businesses: The banking institution explains why Bitcoin is a sham |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/internet/articles/0,7340,L-3721163,00.html |website=Calcalist|date=13 September 2017 }}</ref> For example, some have made the comparison between Israeli businessmen [[Nochi Dankner]] and the IDB group to [[Stef Wertheimer]] and ISCAR Ltd. to illustrate the differences between a luftgeschaeft, or an air business, and a productive industry.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The difference between Wertheimer and Dankner |url=https://www.themarker.com/markerweek/2013-05-03/ty-article-opinion/0000017f-e0d9-d804-ad7f-f1fb4e890000 |journal=TheMarker}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:39, 10 January 2024

Luftgeschaeft (also written as luftgeschaft or luftgeschäft) (Yiddish: לופט געשעפט; German: Luftgeschäft) is a derogatory phrase towards unproductive businesses of abstract goods. It is derived from the German words Luft, meaning air; and Geschäft, meaning business. A livelihood from luftgeschaeft is one of the stereotypes attributed to the diaspora Jew in contrast to the new Jew who works in agriculture and industry.

Uses of the Phrase

Ber Borochov described the employment structure of Ashkenazi Jews as an inverted pyramid, a narrow base with a few Jews working in productive employments, and on top of it the wide area that encompasses most Jews who have various "air businesses" like mediation, trade, and money-lending.[1]

In Modern Hebrew, the phrases "luftgeschaeft" and "air business" were more common in the past, but are still used as a derogatory term for various professions like: law,[2] investing in the capital market[3] and in the stock exchange,[4] various financing and trading businesses,[5] and inverting in cryptocurrencies.[6] For example, some have made the comparison between Israeli businessmen Nochi Dankner and the IDB group to Stef Wertheimer and ISCAR Ltd. to illustrate the differences between a luftgeschaeft, or an air business, and a productive industry.[7]

Asaph Wagner, an Israel-based English-language writer, game designer, and poet, wrote an ars poetic poem called Luftgeschaeft that is about the beauty of writing, but also its purposelessness.[8]

References

  1. ^ Borochov, Dov Ber (June–October 1905). לשאלת ציון וטריטוריה [About Zion & Territory] (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv, Israel: Ha'Kibutz Ha'Meukhad & Sifriyat Ha'Poalim (published 1955). pp. 41–42.
  2. ^ "Dad was shocked and said, "law? that's luftgeschäft"". Calcalist. 14 January 2010.
  3. ^ גורביץ, נירית (26 September 2013). "Uri Avneri: "The tycoons are parasites. Dankner only deals in air business."". Globes.
  4. ^ "Issuing the Altschuler Shaham provident fund proves: You can create out of nothing". Calcalist. 15 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Air Businesses". Mida.
  6. ^ "Air Businesses: The banking institution explains why Bitcoin is a sham". Calcalist. 13 September 2017.
  7. ^ "The difference between Wertheimer and Dankner". TheMarker.
  8. ^ Luftgeschaeft - Asaph Wagner, retrieved 2024-01-10
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