Asim Munir: Difference between revisions

General
Syed Asim Munir
NI(M), HI(M)
General Syed Asim Munir NI(M), HI(M)
سید عاصم منیر
	Official military portrait, 2022
11th Chief of the Army Staff
	Incumbent
	Assumed office ; 29 November 2022
President	Arif Alvi
Preceded by	Qamar Javed Bajwa
President
Preceding Commands
Quartermaster General
	In office; 6 October 2021 – 28 November 2022
President	Arif Alvi
Corps Commander Gujranwala
	In office; 17 June 2019 – 6 October 2021
President	Arif Alvi
23rd Director General of the ISI
	In office; 25 October 2018 – 16 June 2019
President	Arif Alvi
Preceded by	LTG Naveed Mukhtar
Succeeded by	LTG Faiz Hameed
Director General Military Intelligence
	In office; December 2016 – 24 October 2018
President	Mamnoon Hussain
Preceded by	Major General Nadeem Zaki Manj
Succeeded by	Major General Sarfaraz Ali
Commander Force Command Northern Areas
	In office; October 2014 – December 2016
President	Mamnoon Hussain
Preceded by	Major General Hafiz Masroor Ahmad
Succeeded by	Major General Saqib Mehmood Malik
Personal details
Born	1968 (age 55–56); Dheri Hassanabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Spouse	Syeda Irum Asim
Children	3
Parent	Syed Sarwar Munir Shah (father);
Education	Officers Training School, Mangla; Pakistan Command and Staff College; National Defence University, Pakistan; Fuji School Japan; Malaysian Armed Forces College;
Military service
Allegiance	Pakistan
Branch/service	Pakistan Army
Years of service	1986—Present
Rank	General
Unit	23 Frontier Force Regiment
Commands	Quartermaster General; XXX Corps; Inter-Services Intelligence; Military Intelligence of Pakistan; Force Command Northern Areas (FCNA); 23 Frontier Force Regiment;
Battles/wars	Insurgency in Balochistan; Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad; War in North-West Pakistan; 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes; 2024 Iran–Pakistan border skirmishes;
Awards	Nishan-e-Imtiaz; Hilal-i-Imtiaz; Sword of Honour (Pakistan)

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Syed Asim Munir NI(M) (Urdu: سید عاصم منیر) is a Pakistani army general, the current Chief of Army Staff since 29 November 2022.^[2] Prior to becoming the army chief, he was posted at the GHQ as Quartermaster general.^[3] He commanded the XXX Corps in Gujranwala from 17 June 2019 to 6 October 2021.^[4] He served as the 23rd Director-General of the ISI until he was replaced with lieutenant general Faiz Hameed on 16 June 2019.^[5] Asim Munir was the recipient of the prestigious Sword of Honour for his performance as a cadet in the Officers Training School, Mangla.^[6]

Early life and education

Munir was born into a Punjabi Syed family, with their roots lying in Jalandhar, Punjab, India, from where his parents migrated during Partition.^[7] They moved to Toba Tek Singh before settling down in Rawalpindi's Dheri Hassanabad, where they have been established for decades now. His late father, Syed Sarwar Munir, was the principal of the FG Technical High School, Lalkurti, Rawalpindi and the imam of a mosque, Masjid-al-Quraish, situated in a locality of Dheri Hassanabad, where he often delivered the Friday Khutbah sermon. Munir has two siblings, Syed Qasim Munir and Syed Hashim Munir. One of his brothers is a government school teacher.^[8]

Military career

Asim Munir is from the 17th course of the Officers Training School in Mangla. He was commissioned in the 23rd Battalion of the Frontier Force Regiment. He started his military career on 25 April 1986.

As a Lieutenant Colonel, Asim Munir has served in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) as part of close defence cooperation between Riyadh and Islamabad.^[9] He has also served at the Siachen Glacier. Brigadier Asim Munir, earlier was serving as the Chief of Staff of Pakistan's I Strike Corps Mangla. Brigadier Asim has also commanded an infantry brigade in Northern Areas. He was promoted as a Major-general in 2014 served as the commander of the Troops deployed in the Northern Areas of Pakistan in 2014 as the Force Commander North Areas (FCNA). Munir has also served as Director-General of Military Intelligence in 2016.^[10] He was awarded the Hilal-i-Imtiaz in March 2018.^[11] Asim Munir was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General in September 2018 and was subsequently appointed as DG ISI. In June 2019, Munir was replaced by Lt. Gen. Faiz Hameed as the new DG ISI. Subsequently, Munir was appointed as Corps Commander of XXX Corps in Gujranwala in 2019.^[12] From 2021 to November 2022, Lt-General Asim was posted at GHQ as Quartermaster General of Pakistan Army. In November 2022, Lieutenant General Munir was promoted to the four-star General rank and was appointed as the Chief of the Army Staff of Pakistan Army. At the time of his appointment as COAS, Munir was the senior most lieutenant general of the Pakistani army. In December 2022, General Asim Munir received the Nishan-i-Imtiaz (Military) award from President Arif Alvi. At the Aiwan-e-Sadr, the top military officials were given special investitures in front of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, diplomats, lawmakers, and federal ministers were present during the ceremony.^[13]

General Asim Munir is the only recipient of Sword of Honour who has risen to the position of army chief in the military history of Pakistan. Besides, he is the only army chief in the history of Pakistan who has earlier served as chief of both premier military intelligence agencies of Pakistan, namely, Inter-Services Intelligence and Military Intelligence.^[6]

General Asim Munir is the first Quartermaster General of Pakistan Army who has been elevated to the post of Chief of Army Staff. Munir is also first army chief who is not from PMA but OTS, Mangla.

On his appointment as COAS, Al-Jazeera described Munir as an officer with an “impeccable reputation”. While The Times of India described him as a "tough guy" for his hawkish attitude.^[14]^[15]

Dates of promotion

Insignia	Rank	Date
	General, COAS	November 2022^[2]
	Lieutenant General	September 2018^[16]
	Major General	October 2014
	Brigadier
	Colonel
	Lieutenant Colonel
	Major
	Captain
	Lieutenant
	Second Lieutenant	April 1986

Awards and decorations

Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Order of Excellence) (2022)	Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Crescent of Excellence) (2018)		Tamgha-e-Diffa (General Service Medal) Siachen Glacier Clasp
Tamgha-e-Baqa (Nuclear Test Medal) 1998		Tamgha-e-Istaqlal Pakistan (Escalation with India Medal) 2002	Tamgha-e-Azm (Medal of Conviction) (2018)	10 Years Service Medal
20 Years Service Medal		30 Years Service Medal	35 Years Service Medal	Jamhuriat Tamgha (Democracy Medal) 1988
Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha (Resolution Day Golden Jubilee Medal) 1990		Tamgha-e-Salgirah Pakistan (Independence Day Golden Jubilee Medal) 1997	Command & Staff College Quetta Instructor's Medal	Sword of Honor(OTS) 1986

Foreign decorations

Foreign Awards
Turkey	Turkish Legion of Merit

References

^ "COAS pick: Lt Gen Asim Munir — a brief profile". The News International. 24 November 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Lt General Asim Munir set to become next army chief, govt announces". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^ "Who will be the next army chief?". 16 August 2022.
^ "Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan". www.ispr.gov.pk. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
^ Reshuffle in army top brass 17 June 2019, The Nation.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference GeoNews was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Banerji, Rana (30 November 2022). "Gen Asim Munir unlikely to be busy on India front for now as Imran Khan, hostile Durand Line pose new challenges". Firstpost. His parents migrated from Jalandhar, east Punjab […] he would be the eighth Punjabi Army Chief […]
^ "From Jalandhar (India) to Rawalpindi: family profile of new Army Chief General Asim Munir". UNewsTv. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
^ "Who is Lt Gen Asim Munir?". Dunya News. 24 November 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
^ Service, Indo-Asian News (25 November 2022). "Gen Asim Munir is first Pak Army chief to have headed both ISI, MI". The Siasat Daily. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ "President confers 58 military, 73 civil awards". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ "Faiz made ISI chief in military shake-up". 17 June 2019.
^ "President Alvi confers Nishan-i-Imtiaz (military) on COAS, CJCSC". The Express Tribune. 8 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
^ Hussain, Abid. "Who is Asim Munir, Pakistan's new army chief?". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
^ Sharan, Sunil. "Asim Munir: The tough guy who became Pakistani army chief". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
^ Syed, Baqir Sajjad (11 October 2018). "Asim Munir made new ISI chief". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

Military offices
Preceded by Qamar Javed Bajwa	Chief of Army Staff	Succeeded by TBD

Military offices
Preceded by Naveed Mukhtar	Director General Inter-Services Intelligence	Succeeded by Faiz Hameed

[1] "COAS pick: Lt Gen Asim Munir — a brief profile". The News International. 24 November 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.

[auto-2] "Lt General Asim Munir set to become next army chief, govt announces". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

[3] "Who will be the next army chief?". 16 August 2022.

[4] "Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan". www.ispr.gov.pk. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

[5] Reshuffle in army top brass 17 June 2019, The Nation.

[GeoNews-6] Cite error: The named reference GeoNews was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Banerji, Rana (30 November 2022). "Gen Asim Munir unlikely to be busy on India front for now as Imran Khan, hostile Durand Line pose new challenges". Firstpost. His parents migrated from Jalandhar, east Punjab […] he would be the eighth Punjabi Army Chief […]

[8] "From Jalandhar (India) to Rawalpindi: family profile of new Army Chief General Asim Munir". UNewsTv. Retrieved 23 November 2023.

[9] "Who is Lt Gen Asim Munir?". Dunya News. 24 November 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2023.

[10] Service, Indo-Asian News (25 November 2022). "Gen Asim Munir is first Pak Army chief to have headed both ISI, MI". The Siasat Daily. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

[11] "President confers 58 military, 73 civil awards". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

[12] "Faiz made ISI chief in military shake-up". 17 June 2019.

[13] "President Alvi confers Nishan-i-Imtiaz (military) on COAS, CJCSC". The Express Tribune. 8 December 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.

[14] Hussain, Abid. "Who is Asim Munir, Pakistan's new army chief?". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 21 September 2023.

[15] Sharan, Sunil. "Asim Munir: The tough guy who became Pakistani army chief". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 21 September 2023.

[16] Syed, Baqir Sajjad (11 October 2018). "Asim Munir made new ISI chief". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 8 November 2022.

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 | honorific-prefix    = [[General (Pakistan)|General]]
 | honorific-suffix    = [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|NI(M)]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI(M)]]
-| name                = Syed Asim Munir Ahmad Shah
+| name                = Syed Asim Munir
-| native_name         = {{Nastaliq|سید عاصم منیر احمد شاہ}}
+| native_name         = {{Nastaliq|سید عاصم منیر }}
 | image               = General Asim Munir (Pakistan).jpg
 | caption             = Official military portrait, 2022
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 }}
-'''Syed Asim Munir Ahmad Shah''' [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] ({{lang-ur|سید عاصم منیر احمد شاہ}}) is a Pakistani army [[general]], the current [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] since 29 November 2022.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Lt General Asim Munir set to become next army chief, govt announces |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1013235-lt-general-asim-munir-set-to-become-next-army-chief-govt-announces |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> Prior to becoming the army chief, he was posted at the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|GHQ]] as [[Quartermaster general]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1705151 | title=Who will be the next army chief? | date=16 August 2022 }}</ref> He commanded the [[XXX Corps (Pakistan)|XXX Corps]] in [[Gujranwala]] from 17 June 2019 to 6 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=5339|title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan|website=www.ispr.gov.pk|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref> He served as the 23rd [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Director-General of the ISI]] until he was replaced with [[Lieutenant general (Pakistan)|lieutenant general]] [[Faiz Hameed]] on 16 June 2019.<ref>[https://nation.com.pk/17-Jun-2019/reshuffle-in-army-top-brass Reshuffle in army top brass] 17 June 2019, The Nation.</ref> Asim Munir was the recipient of the prestigious [[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Sword of Honour]] for his performance as a cadet in the Officers Training School, [[Mangla]].<ref name="GeoNews" />
+'''Syed Asim Munir''' [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] ({{lang-ur|سید عاصم منیر}}) is a Pakistani army [[general]], the current [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] since 29 November 2022.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Lt General Asim Munir set to become next army chief, govt announces |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1013235-lt-general-asim-munir-set-to-become-next-army-chief-govt-announces |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> Prior to becoming the army chief, he was posted at the [[General Headquarters (Pakistan Army)|GHQ]] as [[Quartermaster general]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1705151 | title=Who will be the next army chief? | date=16 August 2022 }}</ref> He commanded the [[XXX Corps (Pakistan)|XXX Corps]] in [[Gujranwala]] from 17 June 2019 to 6 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=5339|title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan|website=www.ispr.gov.pk|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref> He served as the 23rd [[Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence|Director-General of the ISI]] until he was replaced with [[Lieutenant general (Pakistan)|lieutenant general]] [[Faiz Hameed]] on 16 June 2019.<ref>[https://nation.com.pk/17-Jun-2019/reshuffle-in-army-top-brass Reshuffle in army top brass] 17 June 2019, The Nation.</ref> Asim Munir was the recipient of the prestigious [[Sword of Honour (Pakistan)|Sword of Honour]] for his performance as a cadet in the Officers Training School, [[Mangla]].<ref name="GeoNews" />
 == Early life and education ==
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 On his appointment as COAS,  [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al-Jazeera]] described Munir as an officer with an “impeccable reputation”. While [[The Times of India]] described him as a "tough guy" for his hawkish attitude.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Abid |title=Who is Asim Munir, Pakistan’s new army chief? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/24/who-is-asim-munir-pakistans-new-army-chief |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharan |first=Sunil |title=Asim Munir: The tough guy who became Pakistani army chief |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/strategic-insights/asim-munir-the-tough-guy-who-became-pakistani-army-chief/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
-== Personal life ==
-Asim Munir is a [[Muslims|Muslim]], with Islam playing a key role in Munir’s life. He is described as a “deeply religious man”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kugelman |first=Michael |date=2024-01-01 |title=Pakistan’s Army Chief Comes to Washington |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/12/13/pakistan-army-chief-visit-washington-asim-munir/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> Despite his affinity to [[Islam]], he has stressed the need for combating against [[Islamic extremism]], providing a safe nation for Pakistan’s [[Religious Minorities in Pakistan|religious minorities]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army chief meets religious scholars, says no space for extremism against minorities in Pakistan |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2410641/amp |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Rizwan |date=2023-12-25 |title=General Asim Munir Stresses Interfaith Harmony at Christmas Celebration |url=https://bnnbreaking.com/world/pakistan/general-asim-munir-stresses-interfaith-harmony-at-christmas-celebration/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=BNN Breaking |language=en-US}}</ref>
-Munir's family are locally known as a [[Hafiz (Quran)|hafiz]] family, as its many members are known to have memorised the entire Qu’ran by heart.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-24 |title=Who is Lt gen Asim Munir? |url=https://newsman.pk/who-is-lt-gen-asim-munir/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Newsman |language=en-US}}</ref>
-Asim Munir is a fitness enthusiast. He likes [[running]], [[Exercise|physical workout]] and [[sport]]s. He is a keen book reader and [[Traveller (role-playing game)|traveller]]. Munir is fluent in [[Arabic]], [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[English language|English]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Abid |title=Who is Asim Munir, Pakistan’s new army chief? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/24/who-is-asim-munir-pakistans-new-army-chief |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>
-Munir graduated from the [[JGSDF Camp Takigahara|Fuji school, Japan]], the [[Command and Staff College, Quetta]], the Malaysian Armed Forces College, [[Kuala Lumpur]] and the [[National Defence University, Islamabad]], where he earned his [[MPhil]] in Public Policy and Strategic Security Management.<ref name="GeoNews">{{Cite web|title=A brief look at General Asim Munir's career|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/454445-a-brief-look-at-lt-gen-asim-munirs-career|date=29 November 2022|website=[[Geo News]]}}</ref>
-== Public image ==
-Munir has been a polarising figure. He is applauded by some individuals for [[2023 Pakistan crackdown|cracking down]] on dollar hoarding and smuggling,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistani Minister Concedes Security Personnel Involved in Smuggling |url=https://www.voanews.com/amp/pakistani-minister-concedes-security-personnel-involved-in-smuggling/7293678.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=www.voanews.com}}</ref> which strengthened the [[Pakistani rupee]], causing it to be the world’s top-performing currency of September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shahid |first=Ariba |date=2023-09-28 |title=FX clampdown boosts Pakistani rupee 6.1% to become September's top currency |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/currencies/fx-clampdown-boosts-pakistani-rupee-61-become-septembers-top-currency-2023-09-28/ |access-date=2023-12-02}}</ref> Additionally, he contributed in the setting up of the [[Special Investment Facilitation Council]], which aims to bring billions of dollars of investment from overseas, especially the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf states]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Debdutta |last2=ThePrint |date=2023-11-28 |title='Well done army chief'—Pakistan general hailed for $25 billion deals with UAE, stocks soar |url=https://theprint.in/go-to-pakistan/well-done-army-chief-pakistan-general-hailed-for-25-billion-deals-with-uae-stocks-soar/1862437/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> that are desperately needed amidst the [[2022–2023 Pakistani economic crisis]].
-However, Munir is accused of intervening in civil politics,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pakistan’s army is back in charge of politics |work=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2023/08/10/pakistans-army-is-back-in-charge-of-politics |access-date=2023-12-02 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> despite only being trusted with the nation’s security and defence. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-08 |title=Imran Khan's supporters are silenced but determined |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66436731 |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Munir has also allegedly suppressed [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] political movement in Pakistan led by [[Imran Khan]]. In the aftermath of [[May 9 riots]], following the arrest of Imran Khan on corruption allegations, Asim Munir used military courts for civilians that rebelled against the army.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imran Khan alleges ‘reign of terror’ as supporters face trial in military courts {{!}} Imran Khan {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/19/pakistan-thousands-imran-khan-supporters-arrested-hundreds-face-trial |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref>
-On May 20, 2023, Asim Munir announced that the “legal process of trial against planners, instigators, abettors and perpetrators involved in the May 9 tragedy has commenced under Pakistan Army Act and Official Secret Act”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/undermining-justice-court-martialing-civilians-pakistan|publisher=Wilson Center |title= Undermining Justice: Court-Martialing Civilians in Pakistan |date=2023-05-05 |accessdate=2023-10-25}}</ref> Furthermore, Asim Munir exhorted army professionals to root out PTI inclined individuals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stratnewsglobal.com/articles/pak-army-chief-asim-munir-to-invoke-army-act-to-dock-masterminds-of-may-9-revolt/|publisher=StratNews Global |title= Pak Army Chief Asim Munir To Invoke Army Act To Dock Masterminds Of May 9 Revolt |date=2023-06-08 |accessdate=2023-10-25}}</ref> Human rights organizations raised the concerns that military trials lack the necessary safeguards and transparency, thereby exposing to the risk of potential miscarriages of justice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/undermining-justice-court-martialing-civilians-pakistan|publisher=Wilson Center |title= Undermining Justice: Court-Martialing Civilians in Pakistan |date=2023-06-05 |accessdate=2023-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1759648 |title= HRCP concerned at NA resolution for trials in military courts |date=2023-06-14 |accessdate=2023-10-25}}</ref> In a landmark judgement, the Supreme Court of Pakistan declared the trial of civilians in military courts as null and void, thereby drawing a legal line between the civilian and military domain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1783244/sc-strikes-down-military-justice-for-civilians|publisher=Dawn News |title= SC strikes down ‘military justice’ for civilians |date=2023-10-24 |accessdate=2023-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1783552|publisher=Dawn News |title= Military courts |date=2023-10-25 |accessdate=2023-10-25}}</ref>
-In addition, he has also been criticised for the [[Deportation of undocumented Afghans from Pakistan|deportation of illegal Afghan refugees]], which he condones,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=‘Security of every Pakistani important’: Army chief Gen Munir amid imminent deportation of migrants |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/security-of-every-pakistani-important-army-chief-gen-munir-amid-imminent-deportation-of-migrants-13303202.html/amp |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> despite their tough conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-28 |title=Pakistan: Widespread Abuses Force Afghans to Leave {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/28/pakistan-widespread-abuses-force-afghans-leave |access-date=2023-12-02 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Dates of promotion==

v t e Inter-Services Intelligence
Major operations	Operation Rising Sun (1970) Operation Fair Play (1977) Operation Tupac (1980) Operation Cyclone (1979–1989) Operation Midnight Jackal (1989) Operation Clean-up (1992–1994) Drone Strikes in Pakistan (2004–2016)
by Country	Afghanistan Bosnia India United Kingdom United States Pakistan
Directors General	Robert Cawthome Syed Shahid Hamid Riaz Hussain Akbar Khan Ghulam Jilani Khan Muhammad Riaz Khan Akhtar Abdur Rehman Hamid Gul Shamsur Rahman Kallu Asad Durrani Javed Nasir Javed Ashraf Qazi Naseem Rana Ziauddin Butt Mahmud Ahmed Ehsan ul Haq Ashfaq Parvez Kayani Nadeem Taj Ahmad Shuja Pasha Zaheerul Islam Rizwan Akhtar Naveed Mukhtar Asim Munir Faiz Hameed Nadeem Anjum
Bibliography	Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan Faith, Unity, Discipline: The ISI of Pakistan Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations Spy Stories: Inside the Secret World of the RAW and the ISI
Category Commons Wikinews