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* '''1557'''
* '''1557'''
** 28 February – a commercial treaty is signed with Russia.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 28 February – a commercial treaty is signed with Russia.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** May – [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monks were allowed to return to [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=CBH/>
** May – [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monks are allowed to return to [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 5 June – publication in London of ''[[Tottel's Miscellany]]'' (''Songes and Sonettes''), the first printed [[anthology]] of [[English poetry]].
** 5 June – publication in London of ''[[Tottel's Miscellany]]'' (''Songes and Sonettes''), the first printed [[anthology]] of [[English poetry]].
** 7 June – [[Italian War of 1551–1559|Italian War of 1551–59]]: England, now allied with Spain, declares war on France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 7 June – [[Italian War of 1551–1559|Italian War of 1551–59]]: England, now allied with Spain, declares war on France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
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** The following schools are founded: [[Brentwood School, Essex|Brentwood School]], [[Essex]], by Sir Antony Browne; [[Hampton School]], [[Hampton, London]], by Robert Hammond; and [[Repton School]], [[Derbyshire]], by [[John Port (died 1557)|Sir John Port]].
** The following schools are founded: [[Brentwood School, Essex|Brentwood School]], [[Essex]], by Sir Antony Browne; [[Hampton School]], [[Hampton, London]], by Robert Hammond; and [[Repton School]], [[Derbyshire]], by [[John Port (died 1557)|Sir John Port]].
** [[Robert Recorde]]'s ''[[The Whetstone of Witte]]'' is published, the first English book on [[algebra]], containing the first recorded use of the [[equals sign]] and also the first use in English of [[plus and minus signs]].
** [[Robert Recorde]]'s ''[[The Whetstone of Witte]]'' is published, the first English book on [[algebra]], containing the first recorded use of the [[equals sign]] and also the first use in English of [[plus and minus signs]].
** [[Thomas Tusser]]'s instructional poem ''[[A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie]]'' is published.
** [[Thomas Tusser]]'s instructional poem ''A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie'' is published.
* '''1558'''
* '''1558'''
** 7 January – French troops led by [[Francis, Duke of Guise]] take [[Calais]], the last continental possession of England.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 7 January – French troops led by [[Francis, Duke of Guise]] take [[Calais]], the last continental possession of England.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 13 July – [[Battle of Gravelines (1558)|Battle of Gravelines]]: near the border between [[Kingdom of France|France]] and the [[Spanish Netherlands]], [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] forces assisted by the English [[Royal Navy]] inflict a major defeat on the French.
** By September – the second wave of the [[1557 influenza pandemic]] in England.<ref name=Creighton/>
** By September – second wave of the [[1557 influenza pandemic]] in England.<ref name=Creighton/>
** 15 November – the last five [[List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation|Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation]] are burnt, at [[Canterbury]].
** 15 November – the last five [[List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation|Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation]] are burnt, at [[Canterbury]].
** 17 November – [[Elizabethan era]] begins: Queen Mary I dies at [[St James's Palace]] and is succeeded by her Protestant half–sister [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]] (at this time resident at [[Hatfield House]]), who will rule for 44 years.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> 12 hours later, Mary's [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], Cardinal [[Reginald Pole]], dies in London.
** 17 November – [[Elizabethan era]] begins: Queen Mary I dies of uterine cancer at [[St James's Palace]] aged 42 and the English throne passes to her Protestant half–sister [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]] (at this time resident at [[Hatfield House]]) as her designated successor, who will rule for 44 years.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> 12 hours later, Mary's [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], Cardinal [[Reginald Pole]], dies in London.
** 20 November – [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|William Cecil]] appointed principal [[Secretary of state|Secretary of State]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 20 November – [[William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley|William Cecil]] is appointed principal [[Secretary of state|Secretary of State]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** Mary's widower [[Philip II of Spain]] offers his hand in marriage to Elizabeth provided she adopts the Catholic faith. She takes time before replying and he remarries elsewhere the following year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philip II of Spain|work=The Elizabeth Files|url=https://www.elizabethfiles.com/info/elizabeth-is-suitors/philip-ii-of-spain/|accessdate=2024-01-19}}</ref>
** Elizabeth grants rest and refreshment to pilgrims and travellers who pass by the [[Holy Well, Malvern|Holy Well Spring]] at [[Malvern, Worcestershire]].
** English explorer [[Anthony Jenkinson]] travels from Moscow to [[Astrakhan]] and [[Bukhara]].<ref name=tts247>{{cite book|first=Bernard|last=Grun|title=The Timetables of History|edition=3rd|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1991|isbn=0-671-74919-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun/page/247 247]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun}}</ref>
* '''1559'''
* '''1559'''
** 15 January – [[Elizabeth I of England]] is crowned in [[Westminster Abbey]]<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> by [[Owen Oglethorpe]], Bishop of Carlisle.
** 15 January – [[Elizabeth I of England]] is crowned in [[Westminster Abbey]]<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> by [[Owen Oglethorpe]], Bishop of Carlisle.
** 23 January – [[Elizabethan Religious Settlement]]: Parliament passes the [[Act of Uniformity 1558|Act of Uniformity]] and the [[Act of Supremacy 1558|Act of Supremacy]], re-establishing the Protestant [[Church of England]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 23 January – [[Elizabethan Religious Settlement]]: The [[1st Parliament of Elizabeth I]] (summoned on 5 December) assembles at Westminster and passes the [[Act of Supremacy 1558]] (requiring any person taking public or church office in England to swear allegiance to the English monarch as Supreme Governor of the [[Church of England]]) and the [[Act of Uniformity 1558]] (requiring all persons in England to attend Anglican services on penalty of a fine for noncompliance), re-establishing the Protestant Church of England<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> ([[royal assent]] 8 May).
** 10 February – House of Commons makes a 'Loyal Address', urging Queen Elizabeth to marry.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=150–153|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
** 10 February – House of Commons makes a 'Loyal Address', urging Queen Elizabeth to marry.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=150–153|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
** 2 April – [[Italian War of 1551–1559|Peace of Cateau Cambrésis]]: France makes peace with England and Spain. France gives up most of its gains in Italy (including [[Savoy]]), keeping only [[Saluzzo]], but keeps the three Lorraine bishoprics of [[Metz]], [[Toul]], and [[Verdun]], and the formerly English town of [[Calais]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 2 April – the [[Italian War of 1551–1559]] is ended by the [[Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)|Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis]] in which France makes peace with England and Spain; among the few gains retained by France is the formerly English town of [[Calais]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 19 December – [[Matthew Parker]] enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
** 19 December – [[Matthew Parker]] enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
** Reintroduction of the [[Book of Common Prayer]].
** Reintroduction of the [[Book of Common Prayer]].
** Benedictine monks were once again expelled from Westminster Abbey.<ref name=CBH/>
** Benedictine monks are once again expelled from Westminster Abbey.<ref name=CBH/>
** The predecessor of the [[Private bank|private banking house]] of [[Child & Co.]] (which will still exist in the 21st century) is established in London.<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry G.|last=Button|title=The Guinness Book of the Business World|location=Enfield|publisher=Guinness Superlatives|year=1976|isbn=0-900424-32-X|page=107}}</ref>
** The predecessor of the [[Private bank|private banking house]] of [[Child & Co.]] (which will still exist in the 21st century) is established in London.<ref>{{cite book|first=Henry G.|last=Button|title=The Guinness Book of the Business World|location=Enfield|publisher=Guinness Superlatives|year=1976|isbn=0-900424-32-X|page=107}}</ref>


Revision as of 23:32, 19 January 2024

1550s in England
Other decades
1530s | 1540s | 1550s | 1560s | 1570s

Events from the 1550s in England. This decade marks the beginning of the Elizabethan era.

Incumbents

Events

Births

Deaths

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 150–153. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 218–223. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  3. ^ Friar, Stephen (2001). The Sutton Companion to Local History (rev. ed.). Stroud: Sutton Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 0-7509-2723-2.
  4. ^ Orme, Nicholas (2001). Medieval Children. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 201. ISBN 0-300-08541-9.
  5. ^ Loades, David (1996). John Dudley Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-820193-1.
  6. ^ a b c Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  7. ^ Ives, Eric (2009). Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9413-6.
  8. ^ Ridgway, Claire (2018-07-30). "30 July 1553 – Elizabeth rides to greet Mary". The Tudor Society. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  9. ^ Waller, Maureen (2006). Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 57–9. ISBN 0-312-33801-5. OL 9516816M.
  10. ^ Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 245. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
  11. ^ Kerr, Robert (1824). A general history and collection of voyages and travels. Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Blackwood. p. 229. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
  12. ^ Fink, D. P. J. (1954). Queen Mary's Grammar School 1554–1954. Walsall: Queen Mary's Club.
  13. ^ Hadfield, Andrew (2004). "Eden, Richard (c.1520–1576)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8454. Retrieved 2011-12-12. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  14. ^ a b Creighton, Charles (1894). A History of Epidemics in Britain: From the extinction of plague to the present time. Cambridge University Press.
  15. ^ Thompson, Theophilus (1852). Annals of Influenza Or Epidemic Catarrhal Fever in Great Britain from 1510 to 1837. Sydenham Society. p. 101.
  16. ^ "Philip II of Spain". The Elizabeth Files. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  17. ^ Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 247. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
  18. ^ Button, Henry G. (1976). The Guinness Book of the Business World. Enfield: Guinness Superlatives. p. 107. ISBN 0-900424-32-X.
  19. ^ "BBC - History - Historic Figures: Mary I (1516 - 1558)". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
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