User:CUA 27/sandbox

Iptc	Comps	Teams
Top	Rugby sevens (V4) [42k & 35r] WR Sevens Series [130/d; 42k & 44r] Rugby sevens at Olympics [17k & 12r]	N.Z. sevens team [30k & 8r]
High	Rugby World Cup Sevens [22k & 17r] Hong Kong Sevens [33k & 17r]	Fiji sevens team [21k & 14r] So. Africa sevens team [30k & 27r] England sevens team [9k & 6r] Australia sevens team [69k & 42r]
Mid	USA Sevens [21k & 24r] Dubai Sevens [14k & 30r] London Sevens [9k & 4r]	U.S. sevens team [51k & 56r] Ireland sevens team [35k & 29r] France sevens team [9k & 3r]
Low	Singapore Sevens [8k & 9r] France Sevens [12k & 18r]	Kenya sevens team [13k & 11r] Canada sevens team [17k & 4r] Spain sevens team [14k & 18r]

Rugby sevens

1. Gameplay, Positions, Laws

Rugby (15s)

1. U.S. national team [60k v, 72kB] (June, Nov)
   1. Attend, Hist split
2. Major League Rugby (Apr-Jun)
   1. DC MLR team
      1. Washington Irish R.F.C.
3. Rugby in the United States [9k v, 67kB]
4. Rugby union in Ireland (Top) [31k & 21r]
5. College rugby

MLS/Soccer

1. Major League Soccer (Mar-Nov) [230k v, 172kB]
   1. MLS on television
   2. Performance in CCL
   3. MLS Expansion
2. Soccer in the United States [467/d, 110 kB]
3. D.C. United (Mar-Oct) [640/d, 77 kB]
   1. Loudoun United FC (2019, Div II)

DC MLR team

1. Rugby — processes for player identification & recruitment (moneyball); coaching & gameplay.
2. Stadium — impacts the fan base, experience, and engagement; revenues; expenses.
3. ↑Budget — rule of ~42%. Player expenses cannot exceed this threshold.
   1. Employment — salaries, insurance, workers comp, etc.
4. Revenue sources — matchday, corporate sponsors, broadcast.
   1. Matchday revenues — tickets, parking, concessions, merchandise.
5. Fan development & engagement.
   1. Rugby community events.
   2. Online — web and social media.
6. Sharing best practices — other MLR teams; other DC area semipro/minor teams.

Sports calendar & Schedule

European Cycling: UCI World Tour

Month	1-week	3-week	Media
March	Paris–Nice Tirreno–Adriatico		Peacock  ?
April	Tour de Romandie		FloBikes
May		Giro d'Italia	GCN+
June	Dauphiné Tour de Suisse		Peacock FloBikes
July		Tour de France	Peacock
Aug		Vuelta a España
Sept
Example	Example	Example	Example

Rugby — calendar year

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec
Intl Tests		6N (Pck); ARC (E3)				Tests					Tests (Euro)
ERCC (Flo)	Pool 5–6			QF – SF – F						Pool 1–2		Pool 3–4
URC (Flo)	United Rugby Championship								United Rugby Champ
WR 7s (Pck)	NZL & Aus		USA & Can	HK & Sing	Fra & Eng	GP 7s						Dbai & SA
MLR (TRN)		Major League Rugby
USA Calendar			US 7s	MLR		CRC; Tests

National team articles: Recent call ups

The recent call ups section of a number of national team articles seem rather unwieldy. See, for example, United_States_men's_national_soccer_team#Recent_call-ups. On an average desktop monitor, there list of players stretches for multiple screens. There are roughly fifty players listed, and so much information is given for each one that many entries spill over onto two lines of text. This list of ~50 recent call ups is on top of the already 23 players listed in the current squad.

I propose the following revisions:

1. We only list the last ~20 players called up. If a coach has called up 50 players in the past 12 months, we list only the most recent 20. That will help reduce the clutter.
2. We list only the ages, and not the full birth dates. This change removes quite a bit of clutter without removing any critical information. (We'll need to fix the header and center the numbers, but that's a straightforward technical fix).
3. The last call up lists the last date of the call up, but not the opponent or the flag. Otherwise, there's quite a bit of clutter, but the chart is a rather large mess of flags.
4. We list only players that have at least one cap. A player that has never played for the national team doesn't get listed here.
5. We get rid of the notes that say INJ, RET, etc. Too many details, too much clutter.

The two versions — the proposed version and then the current version — shown below illustrate the differences between the two versions. Please register your support or opposition to the changes in the sections immediately below.

Support

1. Support — The new version is stripped of clutter and is much tidier. The reader can see the most recent players at a glance.
2. Support —

Oppose

1. Oppose —

Recent call-ups (proposed version)

The following shows the 20 players most recently called up to the United States squad.

Hidden text

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up GK William Yarbrough 35 2 0 León May 28, 2016 GK Sean Johnson 35 5 0 Chicago Fire February 5, 2016 DF Matt Besler 37 36 1 Sporting Kansas City September 2, 2016 DF DeAndre Yedlin 31 40 0 Newcastle United September 2, 2016 DF Edgar Castillo 37 18 0 Monterrey Copa América Centenario DF Timothy Chandler 34 26 1 Eintracht Frankfurt Copa América Centenario DF Eric Lichaj 35 11 0 Nottingham Forest May 22, 2016 DF Matt Miazga 29 2 0 Vitesse May 22, 2016 DF Tim Ream 36 21 1 Fulham May 22, 2016 DF Brandon Vincent 30 1 0 Chicago Fire February 5, 2016 MF Perry Kitchen 32 4 0 Heart of Midlothian Copa América Centenario MF Emerson Hyndman 28 2 0 Bournemouth May 22, 2016 MF Alfredo Morales 34 13 0 Ingolstadt 04 May 22, 2016 MF Danny Williams 35 20 2 Reading May 22, 2016 MF Tony Tchani 35 1 0 Columbus Crew February 5, 2016 MF Wil Trapp 31 2 0 Columbus Crew February 5, 2016 FW Clint Dempsey 41 130 52 Seattle Sounders FC Copa América Centenario FW Gyasi Zardes 32 31 6 LA Galaxy Copa América Centenario FW Julian Green 29 6 1 Bayern Munich May 22, 2016 FW Fafà Picault 33 1 0 FC St. Pauli May 22, 2016 FW Jerome Kiesewetter 31 2 0 Fortuna Düsseldorf February 5, 2016

Recent call-ups (current version)

The following players have been called up to the United States squad within the last twelve months.

Hidden text

Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up GK William Yarbrough (1989-03-20) March 20, 1989 2 0 León v. Bolivia; May 28, 2016 GK Zack Steffen (1995-06-02) June 2, 1995 0 0 Pittsburgh Riverhounds v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 GK David Bingham (1989-10-19) October 19, 1989 1 0 San Jose Earthquakes Copa América Centenario PRE GK Nick Rimando (1979-06-17) June 17, 1979 21 0 Real Salt Lake Copa América Centenario PRE GK Sean Johnson (1989-05-31) May 31, 1989 5 0 Chicago Fire v. Canada; February 5, 2016 GK Luis Robles (1984-05-11) May 11, 1984 2 0 New York Red Bulls v. Iceland; January 31, 2016 GK Bill Hamid (1990-11-25) November 25, 1990 2 0 D.C. United v. Iceland; January 31, 2016 PRE DF Matt Besler (1987-02-11) February 11, 1987 36 1 Sporting Kansas City v. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; September 2, 2016 DF DeAndre Yedlin (1993-07-09) July 9, 1993 40 0 Newcastle United v. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; September 2, 2016 DF John Brooks (1993-01-28) January 28, 1993 26 3 Hertha BSC v. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; September 2, 2016 PRE DF Edgar Castillo (1986-10-08) October 8, 1986 18 0 Monterrey Copa América Centenario DF Timothy Chandler (1990-03-29) March 29, 1990 26 1 Eintracht Frankfurt Copa América Centenario DF Eric Lichaj (1988-11-17) November 17, 1988 11 0 Nottingham Forest v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 DF Matt Miazga (1995-07-19) July 19, 1995 2 0 Vitesse v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 DF Tim Ream (1987-10-05) October 5, 1987 21 1 Fulham v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 DF Ventura Alvarado (1992-08-16) August 16, 1992 13 0 América Copa América Centenario PRE DF Brad Evans (1985-04-20) April 20, 1985 26 1 Seattle Sounders FC Copa América Centenario PRE DF Eric Miller (1993-01-15) January 15, 1993 0 0 Colorado Rapids v. Canada; February 5, 2016 DF Tim Parker (1993-02-23) February 23, 1993 0 0 Vancouver Whitecaps FC v. Canada; February 5, 2016 DF Matt Polster (1993-06-08) June 8, 1993 0 0 Chicago Fire v. Canada; February 5, 2016 DF Brandon Vincent (1994-05-01) May 1, 1994 1 0 Chicago Fire v. Canada; February 5, 2016 DF Marc Pelosi (1994-06-14) June 14, 1994 0 0 San Jose Earthquakes v. Iceland; January 31, 2016 PRE DF Brek Shea (1990-02-28) February 28, 1990 34 4 Orlando City v. Trinidad and Tobago; November 17, 2015 DF Jonathan Spector (1986-03-01) March 1, 1986 36 0 Birmingham City v. Costa Rica; October 13, 2015 DF DaMarcus Beasley (1982-05-24) May 24, 1982 123 17 Houston Dynamo v. Mexico; October 10, 2015 DF Greg Garza (1991-08-16) August 16, 1991 9 0 Tijuana v. Mexico; October 10, 2015 PRE MF Jermaine Jones (1981-11-03) November 3, 1981 65 4 Colorado Rapids v. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; September 2, 2016 PRE MF Perry Kitchen (1992-02-29) February 29, 1992 4 0 Heart of Midlothian Copa América Centenario MF Emerson Hyndman (1996-04-09) April 9, 1996 2 0 Bournemouth v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 MF Alfredo Morales (1990-05-12) May 12, 1990 13 0 Ingolstadt 04 v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 MF Danny Williams (1989-03-08) March 8, 1989 20 2 Reading v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 MF Mix Diskerud (1990-10-02) October 2, 1990 38 6 New York City FC Copa América Centenario PRE MF Lee Nguyen (1986-10-07) October 7, 1986 9 0 New England Revolution Copa América Centenario PRE MF Tony Tchani CMR (1989-04-13) April 13, 1989 1 0 Columbus Crew v. Canada; February 5, 2016 MF Wil Trapp (1993-01-15) January 15, 1993 2 0 Columbus Crew v. Canada; February 5, 2016 MF Fatai Alashe (1993-10-21) October 21, 1993 0 0 San Jose Earthquakes v. Iceland; January 31, 2016 PRE MF Miguel Ibarra (1990-03-15) March 15, 1990 3 0 León v. Trinidad and Tobago; November 17, 2015 MF Joe Corona (1990-07-09) July 9, 1990 17 2 Sinaloa v. Mexico; October 10, 2015 FW Clint Dempsey (1983-03-09) March 9, 1983 130 52 Seattle Sounders FC Copa América Centenario FW Gyasi Zardes (1991-09-02) September 2, 1991 31 6 LA Galaxy Copa América Centenario FW Julian Green (1995-06-06) June 6, 1995 6 1 Bayern Munich v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 FW Amando Moreno (1995-09-10) September 10, 1995 0 0 Tijuana v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 FW Fafà Picault (1991-02-23) February 23, 1991 1 0 FC St. Pauli v. Puerto Rico; May 22, 2016 FW Ethan Finlay (1990-08-06) August 6, 1990 3 0 Columbus Crew Copa América Centenario PRE FW Jerome Kiesewetter (1993-02-09) February 9, 1993 2 0 Fortuna Düsseldorf v. Canada; February 5, 2016 FW Khiry Shelton (1993-06-26) June 26, 1993 0 0 New York City FC v. Canada; February 5, 2016 FW Alan Gordon (1981-10-16) October 16, 1981 2 0 LA Galaxy v. Trinidad and Tobago; November 17, 2015 FW Andrew Wooten (1989-09-30) September 30, 1989 1 0 SV Sandhausen v. Costa Rica; October 13, 2015 FW Aron Jóhannsson (1990-11-10) November 10, 1990 19 4 Werder Bremen v. Mexico; October 10, 2015 Notes: PRE = Preliminary squad CMR = Decided to represent Cameroon at international level

To Do

New/Split

New

• [USA Rugby Hall of Fame inductees]:
  • [Victor Hilarov] — First President of USA Rugby in 1975.
• [Former US national team head coaches]:
  • [Ray Cornbill]
• [Key US players]:
  • Brian Hightower

Split

• History of the United States national rugby union team (72kb)
• [History of rugby union in the United States]
• [Wales national rugby union team players] (106kb)

Geo / U.S. Cities / Article Size

• To Do: WP:USCITIES & length

US CITIES – long
Vital articles/Geography#Americas

1. New York City (280kB)
2. San Francisco (205→187) — demog; culture, transport, hist
3. Chicago (184kB)
4. Detroit (200→175) — history, econ, demog
5. Phoenix (167kB)
6. Minneapolis (166kB)
7. Dallas (166kB)
8. Pittsburgh (165kB)
9. Charleston, SC (156 kB)
10. Akron, Ohio (140kB)
11. Omaha, Nebraska (140kB)
12. El Paso (135kB)

US CITIES – short:

1. Los Angeles (130kB)
2. Houston (127kB)
3. Washington, D.C. (124kB)
4. Cincinnati (98kB)
5. San Antonio (88kB)

Misc

To Do:

• WP:FOOTY:
  • Natl Teams: Recent call ups
  • Players Assessment: Criteria unclear

• WP:V vs WP:CN
  • Harmonize guidance; add tag should be default first step

Done:

• MOS:BODY & MOS:PARAGRAPHS
  • Sections/paragraphs

• WP:FOOTY:
  • Natl Teams: Table colors

Common edit summaries

• Lead:
  • MOS:BOLDTITLE — "Links should not be placed in the boldface reiteration of the title in the opening sentence of a lead"
  • WP:REDUNDANCY — Keep redundancy to a minimum in the first sentence. Use the first sentence of the article to provide relevant information that is not already given by the title of the article. The title of the article need not appear verbatim in the lead.
  • MOS:BLPLEAD — "Birth and death places . . . should not be mentioned in the opening brackets of the lead sentence alongside the birth and death dates."
  • WP:LEADCLUTTER — The lead "may become cluttered with parenthetical details (sometimes to the point of absurdity). If this happens, the lead may need to be reduced." Much of the parenthetical material can be moved to footnotes, to infoboxes, or the body of the article.

• Infobox:
  • MOS:INFOBOXFLAG — Flags in infoboxes "are unnecessarily distracting and give undue prominence to one field among many."
  • WP:INFOBOXPURPOSE — "Do not include links to sections within the article; the table of contents provides that function."

• Sections/Organization:
  • MOS:BODY — Very short or very long sections and subsections in an article look cluttered and inhibit the flow of the prose.

• Icons/Flags:
  • WP:NOICONS — "Do not use icons in general article prose" (e.g., no flags in text)
  • MOS:SPORTFLAG — Flags should be used only to show which team they represent, not where they are from.

Tools

• Layouts — Tables:
  • To center table text for all columns, type: style="text-align: center;"
  • To center table text for a single column, type:  ! style="text-align:left" |
  • To make the table float on the right side of the page, type: style="float:right;"
  • {{Div col|2}} and {{Div col end}} converts a long list of bullets into 2 columns.

• References — using the same reference multiple times = WP:REFNAME
  • First time: <ref name=DAVE> Insert regular cite </ref>
  • Later times: <ref name=DAVE/>

• Misc:
  • <nowiki>[[Paris]]</nowiki> To avoid wiki-fying a message (nowiki).
  • To put Hidden text into an editing window, type: <!-- Comment -->
  • Indicate strikethrough or completed to-to by using the strike-through markup <s>...</s>.
  • Dated terms (such as now, soon, currently, and recently) should be replaced with "as of [date]" or "since [date]." Per WP:DATED
  • Moving/Re-naming a page: Help:How to move a page

CollapsingHiding text:

Hidden text
Surprise!

{{quotation|Placing a nifty box around quoted text}}

"How to place a nifty box around quoted text"

"I put in a technical request for the move to Demographics of San Francisco: see Wikipedia:Requested moves/Technical requests. It should be uncontroversial, but there might be a little dirt as an administrator moves things around and re-establishes edit history, etc. In the future, you can probably make many moves yourself (unless there are articles or redirects with substantial history in the way), since you should be autoconfirmed with the number of page edits and duration of your account. More info is at Help:How to move a page.

Inserting symbols, colors, etc

• Symbols

Done.

Not done.

• Color text

Not There were many attacks. 23 men were killed,

But There were many attacks. Twenty-three men were killed.

• Highlight text like this

Footy

Injury icons should not be used in rosters. They are excessively detailed and violates WP:RECENTISM and MOS:TEXTASIMAGES.

• Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Football/Archive_41#Injury_logo (2010)
• Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Football/Archive_43#Injury_icons_in_rosters. (2010)

Less colours in tables for national team articles:

• Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Football/Archive_106#Colours_in_tables

Tagging articles

Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup (loads of tags for articles, sections, and inline)

Wikipedia:Responsible tagging

Wikipedia:Tagging pages for problems (essay gives guidance re tags that are helpful vs unhelpful)

• Article:
  • Too long: {{very long}}
  • Recentism: {{recentism}}
  • Overuse of color: {{Overcolored}}
  • Needs independent cites: {{third-party}}
• Section:
  • Add {{TAG|section}} to apply the template to just one section.
  • Expand section: {{expand section}}
  • Needs cites: {{refimprove section}}
  • Split lengthy section: {{Split section}}
• Inline:
  • Sometimes adding the {{-inline}} suffix to a tag converts a general tag into an inline tag. For example, {{Weasel-inline}} creates.
  • When?: {{when}}
  • Timeframe: {{clarify timeframe}}
  • Dubious - discuss: {{dubious}}
  • Peacock term: {{peacock term}}

AfD

See also: Wikipedia:Deletion process and Wikipedia:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions

1. Pillar: Encyclopedia
   1. Policy: WP:NOT
      1. Guideline:
         1. Essay:
   2. Policy: WP:VERIFY
   3. Policy: WP:NOR
2. Pillar: NPOV
   1. Policy: WP:NPOV

• Content Guideline: WP:Notability
  • WP:ARTN — Focus on the notability of the subject, not the quality of the article’s writing and sources.
  • Multiple sources
  • WP:SIGCOV — Significant coverage, but "it does not need to be the main topic of the source material."
  • WP:NEXIST — "The absence of sources or citations in an article (as distinct from the non-existence of sources) does not indicate that a subject is not notable. Notability requires only the existence of suitable independent, reliable sources, not their immediate presence or citation in an article."

Soccer

1. Soccer in the United States [19k views]
2. United States national soccer team [150k views]

To Do:

• Footy Nats – Infobox biggest wins/losses:
  • 6 (Hung = 4+2)
  • 4 (Bol = 2+2)
  • 3 (Port, Ukr)
  • 2 (Arg, Spa, Swe)

Socc in USA

See also United States and Canada task force#Assessment

Top

1. Soccer in the United States
2. U.S. national men's soccer team
3. Major League Soccer
4. U.S. national women's team
5. U.S. Soccer
6. U.S. soccer league system
7. College soccer
8. 1994 FIFA World Cup

High

1. MLS Cup
2. CONCACAF Gold Cup
3. Soccer-specific stadium
4. History of soccer in the U.S.
5. History of Major League Soccer
6. 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup
7. Soccer at the 1984 Olympics

High – Bio

1. Alan Rothenberg
2. Phil Anschutz
3. Lamar Hunt
4. Don Garber
5. Phil Woosnam
6. Thomas Cahill

MLS =

See also: Major League Soccer and Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada

Rnk	% Majors	Impt	Category	MLS	Next Major	Predict (‘14) Accelerant Milestone
1	98–124%	5	Attendance	22,000	17,484 (NHL); 22,047 (Ita)	2011
2	97/120 -115%	8	# Teams Tot (US)	29 (26) → 30	30 (23); (EU 20)	30 by 2025
3	75%	6	League Stability	12 teams in 2006 1 contr snc 2014	0 contr snc 1978; MLB x2 2001-02	Median 2025: 15 yrs Anl Exp 2017-2025
4	60–67%	2	TV Viewers	0.27m x 102 (aggr) 0.27m (E); 0.24m (FS1) 0.27m (Unvn)	0.42 Hock & 0.77 Base 0.31m NHL (N/SN) 0.35m MLB (TBS)	Approach = 2015? 2026 WC
	45-60
6	50%	4	Perform­ance	12W-17L (40%) v. Mex; #20-30 Globally	#1 Globally	CCL: ’22-24 B2B F Fut: All MLS F
5	32–95%	1	League Revenues	$1.9; (#6–10 Globally)	$6.0b NHL; €2.0b (Fra)	???
7	13–40%	3	TV Contracts	$250m	$625m (NHL); $700m (Ger)	2023–2032
8	25–35%	7	Avg. Salaries	$0.53m	$2.7 (NHL); $1.5m (Fra); $0.42m (Mex)	— —

• Avg: 2015 = 48%. 2016 = 48% (5> 35-60 > 3). 2019 = 55%.
• 2016 predict: Improvement in Revenues ≥21% (Forbes rpt) and and TV ##s (E1) and Stability ≥25%.
• Teams: HL only 21 teams as recently as 1990.
• Stable =
  • Contract 40% (* 0.75 = Last cont: MLS (2011 = 13 yrs; {2002 = 22 yrs}) vs (NHL 1978, MLB near x2 2001-02),
  • New/Expand 40% (* 0.65 = No of years median club 15 MLS vs 20-25 years goal),
  • Relocate 20% (* 1.00)
• Perf — MLS 80% of Mex; Mex 60% of EU/SA
  • CCL milestones: (1) 2022: 1st win, (2) 2nd win | (3) Back-to-back, (4) All MLS final.

Milestones:

1. 1994: WC
2. 1999: Crew stadium.
3. 2002: World Cup success.
4. 2004: Two expansion teams approved for 2005.
5. 2006: TV $ contracts of $8+10m/yr.
6. 2007: DP / Beckham. Toronto expand: stadium & sellouts.
7. 2009: Seattle 30k+ attend.
8. 2011: Attendance over 17k surpasses NBA & NHL.
9. 2014: TV $ contracts of $75+15m/yr.
10. 2017: 22 teams. (2 in SE).

Upcoming:

1. 2022: TV contracts $___.
2. 2026: WC

TV views

TV views

#	BK	BS	HK	SOC
3+	3.9 x 16 (ABC)
1.0–2.5	1.7 x 43 (TNT) 1.7 x 76 (E1)	2.1 x 12 (Fox) 1.1 x 16 (E1)	1.5 x 11 (NBC)	X
0.0–0.5	——	0.4 x 40 (FS1) 0.3 x 13 (TBS)	0.4 x 94 (N/SN)	0.3 x 34 (E2) 0.3 x 34 (FS1) 0.2 x 34 (Uvl)
Aggr		0.77	0.50	0.23

MLS drafts

Main article: MLS SuperDraft

1996 Allocation: 1.J.Harkes (M) - 2.M.Etcheverry (F/M x4) - 3.J.Agoos (D)
1996 Inaugural: 1.R.Diaz Arce (F) - 3.P.Vermes (D) - 4.J.Kreis (F) (g8) - 4.R.Williams (M) - 5.F.Hejduk (D)(200/85) - 7.Z.Thornton (280/8)(G3-6) - 7.R.Corrales (D)(300/6) - 8.Savarese/Duhaney
1996 College: 1. E.Pope (D) — 2.S.Ralston (M, a2)(375/36) / J.Marsch (320/2)(M) — 3.A.Razov (F, g7)(260/25) / E.Lewis (M)(115/82)
1996 Supplem: 1.C.Armas (M x5)
1996 Undraft: P.Onstad (220)(G2-x) — M.Hahneman (G) — C.Llamosa (D)(140/29) — S.Garlick (G)(230)

1997 College: 1. S.Jolley / R.Paule — 3.K.Hartman (410/5)(G2-4)
1997 Supplem: 1.Llamosa (D)(140/29) - 2.Zavagnin (M)(240/21)
1997 Undraft: D.DeRosario (300+ x6) — J.Busch (300/1) (G4-x) — P.Staltieri

1998 College: 1. Cunn (F)(360) / Mastro (M) (330/65) — 2/3.M.Reis (290/2)(G) — 3.J.Franchino (M)(220)
1998 Supplem: X
1998 Undraft: J.Cannon (340/2)(G1-3) — J.Conrad (300/27 x4)(D) — B.Prideaux (D)(250)

1999 College: 1.J.Heaps —

2000: 1.B.Convey (M) — 2.P.Vagenas (230) — 3.N.Rimando (500/22) (G1-6) — 4.J.Wolyniec (F) (180)

2001: 1.B.Mullen — 2.B.Ching (250/45) (F) — 3.E.Buddle (200+/11) (F)

2002: 1.T.Twellman (170/30) / B.Davis (390/17 a3) — 2.S.Joseph (280 x4) (M) — 3.A.Moreno — 4.D.Arnaud
2002 Alloc: 1. Rimando/Ralston
2002 Disp: 1/2.K.Beckerman
2002 Undr: J.DeMerit (D)

2003: 1.R.Clark — 3.L.Pause (280/6) — 5.J.Jewsbury (350) (M)
2003 Undr: T.Perkins (G) — C.Simms (M, 200)

2004: 1.C.Dempsey (70/140) — 2.C.Wingert (340/1) (D) — 4.M.Bradley (30/150) (M) — 6.Gordon (F, 320/2) / Dorman (110/3) (M) / Parke (260,1) (D) —

2005: 1.M.Parkhurst — 3.C.Rolfe/G.Segares
2005 Undr: C.Wondo (370/35) (F) — B.Boswell (360) — J.Larentowicz (430/4)

2006: 1.Kljest/McCarty/Kamara — 2.J.Altidore (F) — 3.J.Bornstein (D)
Undr: J.Harvey (D)(340)

2007: 2.B.Evans — 3.O.Cummings —

2008: — 3.G.Cameron (D/M)
Undr: T.Melia (G)

2009: — 1.M.Besler (D) — 2.G.Zusi (M)
Undr: E.Bush (G)

2010: 1/2.T.Ream (D) — 4.S.Johnson (G)

Rugg USA

Additional sports played in the U.S.

Sport	Partic­ipate	HS States	NCAA tms (Men / Tot)	Semi-Pro League(s)	Attend Record (single game)	Olympic Sport	TV
Ice Hockey	3.1 mil	15	138 (???)	NHL	113,411 (2010)	Yes	NBC, N/SN
Lacrosse	0.7 mil	21	339 (782)	NLL; MLL	48,970 (2008)	No	E2
Volleyball	10.7 mil	49	109 (1173)	PVL	17,209 (2006)	Yes	_
Rugby	1.4 mil	1	1 (15)1	PRO Rugby	61,500 (2014)	Yes	N/SN
Water Polo		6	45 (105)	—		Yes	_
Ultimate	4.9 mil	0	0	MLU; AUDL	1,175 (2013)	No	_

1. Influenced by: Rugby at the Olympics (2009→2016), Coll Rugby on TV (2010→pres), and HS growth.

Coll rugg

Main article: College rugby

D1 power five: conferences & teams

Rank	Pac-12	Big Ten	SEC	ACC	Big 12	Tot/10
1–10	California 4p, A	Penn St. 5p, _				2+5
11–20	Utah 2p; Arizona 3p	Indiana 6p				3+4
21–30	UCLA	Ohio State 2p	LSU 2p, A
31+			S. Carolina; Tennessee	Clemson 2p;	Texas A&M

Other D1: conferences & teams

Rank	2/MWC	5/Sun	3/C-USA	4/MAC	1/Am	-	WCC	Patriot	Etc.
1–10	S. Diego St. 2p	Ark. St. 4p				-	BYU 4p, A; St. Mary's;	Navy 3p
11–20		Army				-		Cdo St.	Iona (MAAC); Utah Vly (WAC)
21–30						-			Dartmouth (Ivy)
31+						-

Rugg vs

Milestones

Year(s)	HS	College	Pro	Nats/Intl
2009				IOC Olympics vote
2010		CRC 7s on NBC; Conference realign
2011				RWC on TV; USA 7s on NBC
2012				USA v Italy (17k)
2013				USA v Ireland (20k)
2014		Varsity Cup NBCSN		61,000 Attend vs NZ
2015				7s WS (6th)
2016	1 State (Mass)		PRO Rugby! x5	2016 Olympics (9th)
2017
2018			MLR x7
2019
2020
FUT	Sev'l states	2+ conf; 20+ teams → NCAA status	MLL semi-pro model

Rugg vs

Category	Now	Goal	Next Sport
HS	1 State (Mass)	8-12 states	Hock (15); WP (6)
Coll	1 V (Cal)	2x Conf; NCAA	H
Pro	MLR (7)	8T x 8k Att	MLL: 9T x 4k Att
Nats	16-17 Rank (14-20 range)	Win vs T1; 2W @ RWC	—

Rugg on TV

15s = Rugby World Cup, Varsity Cup
7's = USA Sevens, CRC 7s

Rugby on TV viewership:
(Networks, Basic Cable, Subscription)

Year	Competition event	TV Viewers	Rate	Channel	VS	Ref
2015	USA Sevens	1.23m		NBC
2014	USA v. New Zealand	927,000		NBC
2011	RWC: USA v. Ireland	866,000	0.5	NBC	1.6m – MLB on Fox
2011	RWC: Final match	851,000	0.5	NBC	3.2m – NCAAF on NBC
2014	CRC Sevens final	427,000		NBC
2016	Summer Olympics	659,000	0.4	NBCSN	(SF & F = 1.37m; 0.85)
2014	Varsity Cup final	249,000	0.1	NBCSN
2015	Varsity Cup final	177,000	0.0	NBCSN	185k (0.0) – MLB on FS1
2016	ARC: USA v. Can (replay)	155,000		ESPN2	Pac-12 Bsk on FS1 250k
2015	USA Sevens	155,000		NBCSN	186k – NCAABK on FS1
2015	CRC Sevens	131,000		NBCSN
2016	Eng: Wasps v. Exeter	104,000		NBCSN
2016	Eng: Sarries v. L.Irish	67,000		NBCSN	NCAA Basket (589k, 89k)
2016	6N: Ireland v Fra (delay)	12,000		BeIn
2015	Pro12: Munster/Glasgow	3,000		BeIn

Possibles:

• Int'l = Pacific Nations Cup — Six Nations
• Coll = Varsity Cup (SF, QF) — D1A Championship

USA rugby 7s squads

Main article: United States national rugby sevens team

WR 7s Series

Ssn	Rnk	P. Forward	2. Forward	S. Forward	Scrum-half	Fly-half	Center	Wing
14–15	6th	Barrett	Bender / Durutalo	Test (23T, DTx3)	Hughes (296P #2)	Niua	Unufe	Isles (32T #4) / Baker (28T)
15–16	6th	Barrett	Bender / Pinkelman	Test (22T)	Hughes (331P #1)	Niua (55M)	Iosefo / Unufe	Baker (48T #2, DT!)
16–17	5th	Barrett (DT!, 22T)	Pinkelman / Durutalo	Tomasin (156K #2, 27T #10)	Hughes (279P #3, 143K #5)	Niua	Iosefo / Unufe	Baker (POY!, 57T #1)
17–18	6th	Pinkelman (124K #4)	Barrett / Tomasin (I)	Leuta	Hughes (I) / Williams	Niua	Iosefo / Unufe	Baker (37T #5) (I) / Isles (49T #1)
18–19	2nd	Pinkelman (DT)	Tomasin (DT)	Leuta / Barrett	Hughes (299P #2)	Niua (DT)	Iosefo	Isles (52T #1)
2019-20	8th	Barrett		Tomasin	Hughes	NF / KW		Baker / Isles
2021-22	6th	Schroeder	M.Brown	Tomasin (P)	TBD	K.Williams (T)	Lacamp	Baker / Isles
2022-23	7th	Schroeder	D.Still / Cummings	Tomasin (P)	K.Williams	Tupuola	Esdale	Baker (T)
TOT	#	Barrett / Pinkelman	Test	Tomasin (K10+)	Hughes (K1, P6)	Niua	Iosefo / Unufe	Baker (T3) / Isles

2016 Olympics

Main article: Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament

Team:

• FW: Bender, Pinkelman, Barrett
• BK: Hughes, Niua, Ebner, Baker
• Subs: Test, Durutalo, Wyles, Iosefo, Unufe, Isles

Rugg 7s Irl

Performance

Main article: Ireland national rugby sevens team

Year	World Series	Olymp / RWC
2015	—	Euro: 3/3, advanced
2016	Trophy: 1st, qualified to GP 7s	Repechage: 7/1, failed to qualify.
2017	GP 7s: 2nd, qualified to HK Qual	GP 7s: 2nd, qualified to RWC
2018	HK 7s: SF, failed to qualify London: 3rd, * Paris: 7th	RWC: 9th
2019	HK 7s: Won, Qualified! London: 6th * Paris: 10th	Euro: 3/3, advanced
2020	WS: core!: 10th	(postponed)
2021	(not held)	Qual!: 10th
2022	5th*	3rd!
2023

Squads and players

Year	Forwards	Halfbacks	Outside backs	Subs
2015	McNulty * McGuigan * Cairns	T.Daly * Lyons	Wootton * Byrne	Layden * Fitzpatrick * Kennedy
2016	McNulty * Goggin (M) * Fitzpatrick	Dardis * T.Daly (L)	B.Daly (L) * Wootton (M)	Layden * McGrath * Byrne (L) * Toal-Lennon * Rowland
2017	McNulty * Timoney (U) * Fitzpatrick	Dardis * Keenan	F.Carr> (31) * Conroy	O’Donnell * McGrath * Roche * O’Shea * Kennedy>
2018	McNulty * O’Donnell * Fitzpatrick	Roche * Keenan	O’Brien (21, L) * Conroy	S.Daly (M) * Horan * Dardis * Mollen (22) * <Kennedy (21)
2019H	McNulty * Horan * Fitzpatrick	Dardis> * Keenan	Kennedy * Conroy	O’Donnell * Leavy (23) * <Roche * O’Shea * Mollen
20190	McNulty * Fitzpatrick * Horan	Dardis * Keenan (L)	Kennedy * Conroy	<Kelly (21) * Leavy * Roche * O’Shea * Mollen
2020 WS (6)	McNulty (45K #7) * Kelly (45K #7) * O’Sullivan> (20)	Dardis * Lennox> (21)	Kennedy (17T #5) * Conroy (30T #1)	<Horan * Leavy * L.Turner * Roche * O’Shea
2021 Olym	McNulty * Kelly * Horan (28)	Dardis * Lennox	Kennedy * Conroy	<Fitzpatrick * <Leavy * Cribbin * O’Shea * Sexton (20, U)>
2022 WS (9)	Kelly * A.Smith (21) * McNulty	Roche * Lennox	Kennedy (50T #1) * Conroy	Z.Ward (23) * _____ * <Dardis (27) * Cribbin (23) * Comerford (22)
2023 WS	McNulty (K) * J.Kelly * Comerford	Roche * Lennox>	A.Smith (C>) * Conroy (32T)	Z.Ward * Mollen * Cribbin * McNamara (C>) * O’Grady (20)
TOTAL	McNulty (K1) * J.Kelly+ * Mollen-	Roche * Lennox	Kennedy * Conroy (T1)	AOS * A.Smith * Dardis * Cribbin * Comerford

Where are they now

Where are they now?

Last Irl 7s	Leinster	Munster	Ulster	Connacht	???
2015
2016	A.Byrne (64+1>C) B.Daly (36x)(2020)	D.Goggin (80)		Wootton (M39>C38) T.Daly (L11>C61)
2017			Timoney (123+3)
2018	J.O’Brien (65+3)	S.Daly (63+2)	Baloucoune (50+4)
2019	Keenan (50+27)
2020
2021			A.Sexton (7)
2022

Rugby Infobox Bio

Name

Date of birth	(1991-12-31) 31 December 1991
Rugby union career
Senior career Years Team Apps (Points) Club ()

NBA

1981 | L.Nance (1/20) | 6’10” PF: 17P, 8R; 3x 1st-2d Def tm

1981 | E.Johnson (2/29) | 6’7” SF: 16 PPG

1981 | Dny.Ainge (2/31) | 6’5” SG: 12 PPG, 4 APG

1981 | F.Brickowski (3/57) | 6’9” PF: 10P, 5R

1981 | P.Gudmondsen (3/61) | 7’2” C: 5P, 4R

1982 | P.Pressey (1/20) | 6’5” SF: 11P, 5A; 3x 1st-2d Def tm

1982 | R.Higgins (2/31) | 6’7” SF: 9P, 4R

1982 | M.Eaton (4/72) | 7’4” CR: #4 Blks; 5x Def 1st–2nd tm; 8R, 6P, 3B

1983 | C.Drexler (1/14) | 5x 1st-3rd tm NBA; 20P, 6A

1983 | Mrk.West (2/30) | 6’10” C: 6P, 5R

1983 | D.Rivers (2/31) | 6’4” PG: 11P, 6A

1983 | Crg.Ehlo (3/48) | 6’6” SG: 9P, 4R

1983 | S.Threatt (6/139) | 6’2” PG: 10P, 4A

1984 | M.Jordan (1/3) | 5x MVP; 10x score ld; 30P, 6R, 5A

1984 | J.Stockton (1/14) | #1 assists; 11x 1st-3rd tm NBA; 13 PPG, 11 APG; 5x Def 2nd tm

1984 | J.Kersey (2/46) | 6’7” SF: 10 PPG, 6 RPG

1984 | J.Peterson | (3/51) | 6’10” F/C: 7P, 5R

1985 | K.Malone (1/13) | 6’9” PF: #3 Pts; 11x 1st tm; 25P, 10R

1985 | J.Dumars (1/18) | SG/PG: 3x 2nd-3rd tm NBA; 5x Def 1st-2nd tm; 16P, 5A

1985 | HR.Williams (2/45) | 6’11” PF: 11 PPG, 7 RPG

1985 | M.Adams (3/66) | 5’10” PG: 15 PPG, 6 APG

1985 | M.Elle (7/__) | 6’5” SF/SG: 9P, 3A

1986 | Mrk.Price (2/26) | 6’0” PG: 4x 1st-3d tm NBA; 15P, 7A

1986 | D.Rodman (2/27) | 2x 3rd tm; 7x Def 1st tm; 7P, 13R

1986 | N.McMillan (2/30) | 6’5” PG: 6P, 6A; 2x Def 2nd team

1986 | J.Hornacek (2/46) | 6’4” SG: 15 PPG, 5 APG

1986 | D.Petrovic (3/60) | 6’5” SG: 15P, 2A

1987 | Reg.Miller (1/11) | 6’7” SG: 3x 3rd team NBA; 18P

1987 | M.Jackson (1/18) | 6’3” PG: 10P, 8A, #3 career assists

1988 | A.Mason (3/53) | 6’8” F: 11 PPG, 8 RPG

1988 | Jn.Starks (Und) | 6’5” SG: 13 PPG, 4 APG

1988 | A.Johnson (Und) | 5’11” PG: 8P, 6A

1989 | T.Hardaway (1/14) | 6’0” PG: 5x 1st-3rd tm; 18P, 8A

1989 | S.Kemp (1/17) | 6’10” PF: 15P, 8R; 3x 2nd team

1989 | C.Robinson (2/36) | 6’10” PF: 15P, 5R

1990 | Ato. Davis (2/45) | 6’9” PF: 10 PPG, 8 RPG

1990 | C.Ceballos (2/48) | 6’7” SF: 14P, 5R

1990 | S.Williams (Undr) | 6’10” CR: 5P, 5R

1991 | Rick Fox (1/24) | SF: 10P, 4R

1992 | L.Spreewell (1/24) | 6’5” SG: 18P

1993 | N. VanExel | PG:

1993 | B. Bowen (Undr) | 6’7” SF: 8x Def team; 6P, 3R

1996 | K.Bryant (1/13) | 6’6” SG: 11x 1st tm; 9x Df 1st tm; 25P, 5R, 5A

1996 | B.Wallace (Undr) | C/F: 4x DPOY; 6P, 10R

Roster

Pos.	Starting Plyr	Height	Backup
CR	M.Eaton	7’4”	H.R.Williams (6’11”)
PF	K.Malone	6’9”	L.Nance (6’10”) (25+D) A.Davis (6’9”) A.Mason (6’8”)
SF	C.Drexler	6’7”	D.Rodman (6’7”) (20+D) J.Kersey (6’7”) P.Pressey (6’5”)
SG	M.Jordan	6’6”	D.Ainge (6’5”) D.Petrovic (6’5”) J.Starks (6’5”)
PG	T.Hardaway	6’0”	D.Rivers (6’4”) A.Johnson (5’11”) M.Adams (5’10”) (21)

Rams 1999–2001

Main article: St. Louis Rams

Starting Lineups

Pos	1999	2000	2001
QB, RB	Warner, Faulk	Warner, Faulk	Warner, Faulk
OL5	Pace, Nütten, Grut, Timm, Miller	Pace, Nütten, McColl, Timm, Tucker	Pace, Nütten, McColl, Timm, Jones
WR2	Bruce, Holt	Bruce, Holt	Bruce, Holt
E/F/W	Williams, Holcombe	Williams, Hodgins	Conwell, Robinson
DL	Carter, Farr, Agnew, Wistrom	Carter, Agnew, Zgonina, Wistrom	Ahanatu, Young, Zgonina, Wistrom
LB	Collins, Fletcher, Jones	Collins, Fletcher, Jones	Polley, Fletcher, Davis
DB	Lyght, Jenkins, Lyle, McCleon	Lyght, Lyle, Bush, McCleon	Williams, Archuleta, Herring, McCleon

Roster build

O	Df Yr	D	Missed (1st / 2nd / PB)
—	1991	T. Lyght: 1-LAR M. Jones: UD-RAI
	1992
A. McCollum: UD	1993	J. Zgonina: 7
M. Faulk: 1-IND I. Bruce: 2-STL K. Warner: UD	1994	K. Lyle: 3-LAR D. Farr: UD-LAR	2-L.Allen (G, 7/0/11) 2-K.Mawae (C, 7/1/8) 5-R.Harrison (S, 2/1/2) 7-T.Nalen (C, 3/0/5)
(relocation)
A. Timmerman: 7-GB T. Nutten: 7-NS	1995	K. Carter: 1-STL	1-D.Brooks (LB, 5/4/11) 3-C.Martin (RB, 1/2/5) 5.S.Boyd (LB, 1/0/2) 5-G.Walker (DE, 1/0/2) 6-T.Davis (RB, 3/0/3) 6-C.Schlesinger (FB, 0/0/3)
E. Conwell: 2-STL	1996	—	1-R.Lewis (LB, 7/3/13) 2-B.Dawkins (S, 4/1/9) 3-T.Owens (WR, 5/0/6) 5-J.Horn (WR, 0/0/4) 5-Z.Thomas (LB, 5/2/7) 5-L.Glover (DT, 4/0/6) 6-M.Rivera (G, 2/0/3)
O. Pace: 1-STL R. Tucker: 4-STL	1997	D. McCleon: 2-STL B. Jenkins: U-STL	2-D.Sharper (S, 2/4/5) 3-R.Barber (CB, 3/2/5) 3-J.Taylor (DE, 3/1/6) 4-D.Mason (WR, 0/0/2) 6-A.Harris (CB, 0/1/2) U-P.Williams (DT, 0/1/3) U-C.Lewis (TE, 1/0/3)
A. Hakim: 4-STL	1998	G. Wistrom: 1-STL L. Fletcher: UD-STL	1-R.Moss (WR, 4/0/6) 1-A.Faneca (G, 6/2/9) 6-M.Birk (C, 0/2/6) 6-M.Hasselbeck (QB, 0/0/3) U-J.Saturday (C, 2/2/6)
T. Holt: 1-STL J. Hodgins U-STL	1999	D. Bly: 2-STL	1-C.Bailey (CB, 3/4/12) 3-J.Porter (LB, 2/2/4) 4-A.Smith (DE, 0/0/1) 5-R.Coleman (DT, 0/1/1) 7-D.Driver (WR, 0/0/4) U-B.Waters (G, 2/0/6) U-B.Ayanbadejo (LB, 0/0/3)
M.Bulger: 6-NO	2000	B. Young 5-DT	5-KGB (DE, 0/0/1) 6-T.Brady (QB, 3/2/14) U-S.O’Hara (C, 0/1/3) U-A.Ogunyelo (DE, 1/0/1)

College sports

• College sports in the U.S. (65 kB)
• NCAA (92 kB)
  • College football (146 kB)
    • History of college football
• NCAA Division I (101 kB)
  • NCAA DI FBS (153 kB)

New stuff created

New articles

Rugby

1. History of rugby union in the United States
2. PRO Rugby (Nov '15)
   1. San Diego PRO Rugby team
   2. Denver PRO Rugby team
   3. PRO Rugby stadiums
3. Colombia national rugby sevens team
4. 2019 RWC Americas qualification
5. Template:Women's rugby union
6. 1982 Netherlands v France women's rugby match
7. 2004 USA Sevens
8. 2016 USA Sevens
9. 2014–15 U.S. national rugby sevens team season
10. 2015–16 U.S. national rugby sevens team season
11. 2016–17 U.S. national rugby sevens team season

Other sports

1. Professional sports leagues in the United States (Feb '16)
2. Baseball in the United States (Dec '15)
3. Hexagonal (CONCACAF) (Sep '16)
4. USA Team Handball (Nov '16)
5. FGCU Soccer Complex (Dec '15)

Rugby bios

Rugby players (15s)

1. Mike Purcell — 1987 RWC; USAR HOF; Coach.
2. Ray Nelson — U.S. leading scorer at 1987 RWC.
3. AJ MacGinty — U.S. national team fly-half since 2015.
4. David Tameilau — U.S. national team #8 since 2016.
5. Mike Te'o — U.S. national team player since 2016.
6. Bryce Campbell – U.S. national team center since 2016.
7. Zach Fenoglio — U.S. national team hooker.
8. JP Eloff — US. and Ohio flyhalf since 2016.
9. Will Magie — PRO Rugby fly-half since 2016.
10. Dino Waldren — U.S. national team prop since 2016.
11. Chad London — U.S. national team center since 2014.
12. Shaun Davies — PRO Rugby scrum-half since 2016.
13. Angus MacLellan — PRO and U.S. prop since 2016.
14. Sebastian Kalm — PRO Rugby loose forward since 2016.
15. Kingsley McGowan — U.S. national team wing since 2016.
16. Patrick Latu — San Francisco team captain since 2016.
17. Cecil Garber — S. Diego flanker since 2016 & team's #1 tackler.

Rugby players (7s)

1. Stephen Tomasin — U.S. national team sevens since 2016.
2. Kevon Williams — U.S. national team sevens since 2016.
3. Martin Iosefo — U.S. national team sevens since 2014.
4. Garrett Bender — U.S. national team sevens 2012–2016.
5. Matai Leuta — U.S. national team sevens since 2015.

Rugby coaches & administrators

1. Dennis Storer — U.S. Head Coach during 1980s; USAR HOF.
2. Deborah Griffin — organized the inaugural 1991 Women's RWC.
3. Ray Egan — San Diego PRO Rugby head coach in 2016.
4. Sean O'Leary — Denver PRO Rugby head coach in 2016.
5. Paul Barford — Ohio PRO Rugby head coach in 2016.
6. Nate Osborne — NOLA Gold MLR head coach since 2017/18.

Ireland rugby bios

1. Hugo Keenan — Fly-half (2017-2019) for national sevens team.
2. Harry McNulty — Forward (2016-pres) for national sevens team.
3. Jordan Conroy — Wing (2017-pres) national sevens team.
4. Terry Kennedy — Centre (2017-pres) for national sevens team.
5. Mark Roche — Scrum-half (2015-pres) for national sevens team.
6. Anthony Eddy — Head coach (2014-pres) for national sevens team.
7. Jimmy O'Brien — Centre (2018) for national sevens team.
8. Nick Timoney — Forward (2017) for national sevens team.
9. Foster Horan — Forward (2018-pres) for national sevens team.
10. Ian Fitzpatrick — Forward (2017-) for national sevens team.
11. Greg O'Shea — Fly-half (20017-pres) for national sevens team.
12. John O'Donnell — Forward (2017–pres) for national sevens team.

Article Splits

Sport

1. History of the Ireland national rugby team (Sep 2015)
2. Sport in Galway (Nov 2015)
3. Sports in Turin (June 2016)
4. Sports in Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Dec 2015)
5. Sports in Birmingham, Alabama (Jan 2016)
6. South Africa national rugby team players (Sep 2015)
7. Munster Rugby players (Nov 2015)
8. NHL on television (Oct 2015)

Geog

1. Economy of San Diego (June 2015)
2. Demographics of San Diego County (Jan '16)
3. Politics of San Diego County (Jan '16)
4. Politics of Los Angeles County (June 2015)
5. Demographics of Los Angeles County (June 2015)
6. Economy of Phoenix (July 2015)
7. Crime in Phoenix (July 2015)

Box o Sand

Ocean City
(84 / 45)

St. Mary's
(89 / 47)

Baltimore
(89 / 42)

Cumberland
(89 / 41)

class=notpageimage|

Maryland climate zones

Rugby union professional club competitions

League	Country (teams)	Season	Teams	Games	Total attendance	Average attendance	Ref(s)
Super Rugby	New Zealand (5) South Africa (5) Australia (5)	2013	15	125	2,547,978	20,384	1
English Premiership	England	2014–15	12	135	1,802,769	13,354
Top 14	France	2014–15	14	182	2,403,593	13,207
Currie Cup	South Africa	2014	8	43	478,392	11,125
Pro12	Ireland (4) / Italy (2) / Scotland (2) / Wales (4)	2014–15	12	135	1,159,127	8,586
ITM Cup	New Zealand	2008	14	77	554,663	7,203
Top League	Japan	2015–16	16	116	491,715	6,470
Rugby Pro D2	France	2011–12	16	243	1,025,910	4,222
RFU Championship[D]	England	2014–15	12	138	377,794	2,738
NRC	Australia	2015	9	39	56,547	1,450	1

Wiki

"Wikipedia is the best thing ever. Anyone in the world can write anything they want, so you know you are getting the best possible information." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFBDn5PiL00

Disamb: Primary topic

Tools that may help to support the determination of a primary topic in a discussion include:

• Incoming wikilinks from Special:WhatLinksHere
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Quadrenniels

Year	L	3P	R	DNV	Comments
2000				DNV	NR
2004		*			Lib
2008					Historic AA
2012				DNV	TB (BCBSM MFN)
2016	*				Anti Mex & Mslm
2018!	*
2020	*				Anti-cons, Anti-democ, Authoritarian
2022					Same. Anti-dem, Elec fraud.

MSAs

Finalists

MSA	ST	Popula	Summer	Spr/Fall	Winter	Air	COLA	Notes (D)	Sun
San Diego	CA	3.1m	76 – 67	69-57	65 – 48	SAN (SW)	–2%	59–7	69% sun.
WASH	DC	6.0m	88 – 71	68/67 – 51/47	43 – 29	DCA & IAD	—	40–51	57% sun. 64 frz n/yr
San Fran	CA	4.4m	70 – 55	64-51	57-46		+19%	49–6	69% sun.
San Jose	CA	1.9m	82 – 70	72-51	58-42	SJC (SW)	+20%?	43–3	3 frz n/y
Sacramento	CA	2.4m	93 – 59	74 – 48	54-40	SMF (SW)		45–15	81% Sun! 73 days > 90
CLT	NC	2.3m	89 – 68	72/72 – 49/47	51 – 30	CLT (US)		45–35	63% sun. 59 frz n/yr

| ATL || GA || 5.5m || 89 – 71 || 73/73 – 54/52 || 52 – 34 || ATL (DL) || || 41–51. Soul? Sprawl? || 62% sun. 45 frz n/yr |-
| TPA || FL || 2.9m || 90 – 76 || 84/81 – 66/64 || 70 – 52 || TPA (SW) || || 63–26. RSW = 2h || 2 frz n/yr |-

Notes:

• Pop: (STL = 2.8m)
• Sun: (PHX = 87%, LV = 86%)

Eastern: All

MSA	St.	Pop	Sum (J)	Fal/Spr (O/A)	Winter (J)	Airport	Notes	Frz n/yr	Elev
WAS	DC	6.0m	88 – 71	68/67 – 51/47	43 – 29	DCA (US) IAD (UA)			60m
NFK	VA	1.7m	87 – 72		48 – 33 (D)				2m
CLT	NC	2.3m	89 – 68	72/72 – 49/47 (O)	51 – 30 (D)	CLT (US)		59 frz n/yr	230m
MAD!	ESP	—	90 – 66	67/65 – 51/46 (A)	50 – 37				670m
ATL	GA	5.5m	89 – 71	73/73 – 54/52 (M)	52 – 34 (M)	ATL (DL)	Soul? Sprawl?	45 frz n/yr	270m
JAX	FL	1.4m	92 – 73	80/79 – 61/58 (S)	65 – 41			12 frz n/yr	5m
ORL	FL	2.3m	92 – 74	85/82 – 63/63 (S)	71 – 49 (A)	MCO (SW)	RSW = 3h		25m
TPA	FL	2.9m	90 – 76	84/81 – 66/64 (J)	70 – 52 (O)	TPA (SW)	RSW = 2h	2 frz n/yr	15m

| RIC || VA || 1.2m || 90 – 69 || 71/70 – 48/46 || 47 – 28 || || Dumpy? || |-

| RAL || NC || 1.2m || 90 – 70 || || 51 – 31 (D) || || || |-

| GRN || SC || 0.9m || 90 – 69 || || 52 – 32 || || || |-

| COL || SC || 0.8m || 93 – 72 || || 56 – 34 (M) || || || 90m |-

| CHL || SC || 0.7m || 88 – 77 || 75/72 – 63/59 || 57 – 43 || || || 6m |-

Eastern: Slim

Highs

WAS	Month	TPA (df)	ATL (df)
47	Dec	72 (+25)	54 (+7)
43	Jan	70 (+27)	52 (+9)
47	Feb	73 (+26)	57 (+10)
56	Mar	76 (+20)	65 (+9)
67	Apr	81 (+14)	73 (+6)
75	May	87 (+12)	80 (+5)
84	Jun	90 (+6)	86 (+2)
88	Jul	90 (+2)	89 (+1)
87	Aug	90 (+3)	88 (+1)
80	Sep	89 (+9)	82 (+2)
68	Oct	84 (+16)	73 (+5)
58	Nov	78 (+20)	64 (+6)

Europa

Highs

WAS	Month	LON (df)	ATL (df)
47	Dec	47 (0)	54 (+7)
43	Jan	47 (+4)	52 (+9)
47	Feb	47 (0)	57 (+10)
56	Mar	52 (-4)	65 (+9)
67	Apr	58 (-9)	73 (+6)
75	May	64 (-11)	80 (+5)
84	Jun	70 (-14)	86 (+2)
88	Jul	74 (-14)	89 (+1)
87	Aug	74 (-13)	88 (+1)
80	Sep	68 (-12)	82 (+2)
68	Oct	60 (-8)	73 (+5)
58	Nov	52 (-6)	64 (+6)

West

Coastal West

MSA	Populat	Summer	Spri/Fall	Winter	COLA	Any notes
Portland	2.3m	81-58 (A)	63-45	46-35
San Fran	4.4m	70-55 (S)	64-51	57-46	+19%
Oakland		74-57 (S)	67-52	58-44
San Jose	1.9m	82-70 (J)	72-51	58-42	+$#%
Los Angeles	13.0m	84 (A)	76-56	68	–4%
San Diego	3.1m	76 (A)	69-57	65	–2%

Inland West

MSA	Populat	Summer	Spri/Fall	Winter	COLA	Any notes
Sacramento	2.2m	93-59 (J)	89-48	54-40		#1 Sunniest; 73 days over 90
Riverside	4.3m	96-65 (A)	81-52	69

nada

Rank	N	H	W	T	Fc	A	*E/P*	*Tal*	Prs
1	HB	5	28	3	5	44	5	5	5
2	RR	4	10	2	3	33	5	4	5
3	AS	11	43	3	3	40	5	5	3
6	KD	8	30	4	1	40	5	4	4
4	BB	6	34	2	2	51	5	5	3
5	AD	6	35	5	3	49	5	5	3
7	CC	2	21	4	4	37	3	5	4
8	BB	10	30	4	4	46	3	4	2
#	YB	3	41	4	2	59		2
#	SV			3			5	5

1. E/P: 4.5+ | 2. Tal: 4.7 |

East → West

See also: Western Maryland

City	Wheeling, WV	Morgant’n, WV	Friendsv’l, Garrett	Frostburg, Allegany	Cumberl’d, Allegany	Hagerst’n, Wash Co	WASH, DC
Clim	78-55	81-61		77-57	86-63	83-63	86-69
Elev	687-1,300	960	1,500	2,070	627	538	0-409
Pop	28k/145k	30k/137k	0.5k	9k	21k/103k	40k/270k
Hrs	5/13		3.5	2.5	2.5	1.5	—

• 9.15 – 11.45a
• Cumberland = am tour
• 2.00 – 4.30p
• Wheeling = eve/din/niht

Hist: NA / Amer

Caption text

Year	Event	Notes
4–7 mya	Evolution	Humans and chimps diverged.
10–11 tya	Agriculture	Planting of crops and pastoral tending of animals. With agriculture, slavery became widespread.
1492	Christopher Columbus	Columbus called the island San Salvador, in the present-day Bahamas or Turks and Caicos; Exactly which island is unresolved.
1495	Transatlantic slavery	On Columbus' second voyage, he shipped over 500 slaves from the New World back to Spain.
1497	John Cabot	First European in continental North America
1498	Christopher Columbus	The ships found South America, when they went from Trinidad to Venezuela. He then explored the mainland of South America.
1513	Ponce de Leon	First European to land in the continental United States, in Florida.
1513	First import of slaves in U.S.	The Spanish imported the first enslaved African people to Puerto Rico.
1526	First African slaves in cont U.S.	The first Africans enslaved in the continental U.S. arrived in South Carolina to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony founded by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón.
1565	First permanent U.S. settlement with African slaves	St. Augustine, Florida was founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles. He brought three enslaved Africans with him, making St. Augustine the first permanent settlement in the continental United States to include enslaved Africans. It became a slave trade hub during the 1500s-1600s.
#
1607	Jamestown, VA	First permanent British settlement in the U.S.
1619	Point Comfort, VA	First imported African [slaves or indentured servants] in the English colonial U.S.
1676	Bacon's Rebellion	Virginians from all classes (including indentured servitude) and races rose up in arms. The alliance between European indentured servants and Africans (many enslaved) disturbed the ruling class. The ruling class responded by hardening the racial caste of slavery to divide the two races with the Virginia Slave Codes of 1705.
1705	VA Slave Codes
#
1750s	French and Indian War	Britain defeated France in North America, but amassed large debts which they sought to repay by taxing the colonies.
1776	Second Continental Congress	July 2: Congress passed Richard Henry Lee’s proposal of independence, which had been drafted on June 7. July 4: Congress approved Thomas Jefferson’s U.S. Declaration of Independence: “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”
1775–83	American Revolutionary War
1787–88	U.S. Constitution	Constitution drafted and ratified. Several clauses deal specifically with slavery, although it is not mentioned by name.
1791–94	Whiskey Rebellion	Washington led a militia of 13,000 men to suppress anti-tax resistance that had used violence and intimidation. This strengthened the national government, by showing it had the will and ability to apprropriately suppress violent resistance to federal laws.
1794	Slave Trade Act of 1794	Law signed by George Washington prohibited the involvement of U.S. ships in the intl slave trade.
1800	Slave Trade Act of 1800	Law signed by John Adams prohibited U.S. citizens involvement in the intl slave trade.
1807–08	U.K. Slave Trade Act	UK parliament, led by William Wilberforce, prohibited the slave trade in the British Empire. Established the West Africa Squadron to patrol.
1807–08	U.S. slave import ban	Ban passed, signed by President Jefferson who had called for it in his 1806 State of the Union, and enacted on the first date allowed by the U.S. Constitution.
1818–95	Frederick Douglass
1861–65	American Civil War	End of slavery in the U.S.
1862–63	Emancipation Proclamation	Declared that slaves in the Confederate States were now legally free.
1865	13th Amendment	Prohibited slavery (except as punishment for a crime).
1856–1915	Booker T. Washington	Tuskegee Normal School (1881); Up From Slavery (1901)
1877	Compromise of 1877	Hayes agreed that if chosen as President he would pull the last federal troops out of the South, ending the Reconstruction era.
1896	Plessy v. Ferguson	Separate but equal
1920	19th Amendment	Women's right to vote
1954	Brown v. Board of Education	Ended legal segregation in public schools.
1954–1960s	Massive resistance	VA and other states attempted to prevent public school integration.

US pols

Five periods of “democratic fragility” in American history. The periods are:

1. 1790s — Discord over the Alien and Sedition Acts,
2. 1850s — “Bleeding Kansas” era,
3. 1890s — Black disenfranchisement,
4. 1930s — Great Depression enhancement of executive, and
5. 1970s — Watergate era partisan warfare.

The same four threats:

• political polarization,
• conflict over who belongs in the political community,
• high and growing economic inequality, and
• excessive executive power.