Vatnafjöll: Difference between revisions
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'''Vatnafjöll''' ({{IPA-is|ˈvahtnaˌfjœtl̥|3=Vatnafjöll pronunciation.ogg}}) is a {{convert|40|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|9|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} wide [[basalt]]ic [[fissure vent]] system that is south-east of [[Hekla]], [[Iceland]]. It includes from the north towards the south the hills of Innri-Vatnafjöll at {{cvt|1089|m}} high, Fremri-Vatnafjöll at {{cvt|901|m}} and Vatnafjallarani at {{cvt|574|m}} as the main Vatnafjöll edifice,<ref name=Kortasja>{{cite web|access-date=3 July 2024|url=https://kortasja.lmi.is/mapview/|title =National Land Survey of Iceland (Kortasja)}}</ref> at a distance of about {{cvt|7|km}} from Hekla.<ref name=Ágústsson1999>{{cite journal|last1 =Ágústsson|first1 =K.|last2 =Linde|first2 =A.T.|last3 =Stefánsson|first3 =R.|last4 =Sacks|first4 =S.|year =1999|title =Strain changes for the 1987 Vatnafjöll earthquake in south Iceland and possible magmatic triggering|journal =Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|volume =104|issue =B1|pages =1151-1161|doi =10.1029/1998JB900027|bibcode =1999JGR...104.1151A}}</ref>{{rp|1151}} It is part of the same system as Hekla,<ref>{{cite gvp|vn=372070|name=Hekla|access-date=3 July 2024|vtab=subfeatures}}</ref> and the term '''Hekla-Vatnafjöll volcanic system''' has been used to describe it.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=HEK|title =Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla|access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref> More than two dozen eruptions have occurred at Vatnafjöll during the [[Holocene|Holocene Epoch]]. Vatnafjöll has not erupted during the last 1100 years.<ref name=Bjarnason1991>{{cite journal|last1 =Bjarnason|first1 =I.T. |last2 =Einarsson|first2 =P.|year =1991|title =Source mechanism of the 1987 Vatnafjöll earthquake in South Iceland|journal =Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|volume =96|issue =B3|pages =4313-4324|doi =10.1029/90JB00831|bibcode =1991JGR....96.4313B}}</ref>{{rp|4313}} While these eruptions were predominantly effusive some basaltic tephra deposits have been found up to {{cvt|40|-|50|km}} away.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=HEK|title =Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla|access-date=3 July 2024}}{{rp|loc=Detailed Description:Eruption history and pattern:Fissure swarm}}</ref> |
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'''Vatnafjöll''' ({{IPA-is|ˈvahtnaˌfjœtl̥|3=Vatnafjöll pronunciation.ogg}}) is a {{convert|40|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|9|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} wide [[basalt]]ic [[fissure vent]] system that is located southeast of [[Hekla]], [[Iceland]]. It is part of the same system as Hekla.<ref>[http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1702-07= Global Volcanism Program: Vatnafjöll]</ref> More than two dozen eruptions have occurred at Vatnafjöll during the [[Holocene|Holocene Epoch]]. Vatnafjöll last erupted about 1200 years ago. |
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A {{M|w|5.9|link=yes}} with an epicenter near the main Vatnafjöll edifice occurred on 25th May, 1987,<ref name=Bjarnason1991/>{{rp|4313}} where the transform [[South Iceland seismic zone]] meets the [[East volcanic zone of Iceland]]. Later analysis has suggested that initiation was from strain relief but a subsurface [[dike (geology)|dyke]] intrusion then occurred over the next 3 days.<ref name=Ágústsson1999 />{{rp|1161}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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[[Category:Hekla]] |
[[Category:Hekla]] |
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[[Category:Volcanoes of Iceland]] |
[[Category:Volcanoes of Iceland]] |
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[[category:Earthquakes in Iceland]] |
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{{Iceland-geo-stub}} |
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Revision as of 23:11, 3 July 2024
| Vatnafjöll | |
|---|---|
  Vatnafjöll | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,235 m (4,052 ft) |
| Coordinates | 63°55′12″N 19°40′12″W / 63.92000°N 19.67000°W |
| Geography | |
| Location | Iceland |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Tephrochronology |
| Mountain type | Fissure vents of Hekla |
| Last eruption | 1200 years ago |
Vatnafjöll (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvahtnaˌfjœtl̥] ) is a 40 km (25 mi) long, 9 km (6 mi) wide basaltic fissure vent system that is south-east of Hekla, Iceland. It includes from the north towards the south the hills of Innri-Vatnafjöll at 1,089 m (3,573 ft) high, Fremri-Vatnafjöll at 901 m (2,956 ft) and Vatnafjallarani at 574 m (1,883 ft) as the main Vatnafjöll edifice,[1] at a distance of about 7 km (4.3 mi) from Hekla.[2]: 1151 It is part of the same system as Hekla,[3] and the term Hekla-Vatnafjöll volcanic system has been used to describe it.[4] More than two dozen eruptions have occurred at Vatnafjöll during the Holocene Epoch. Vatnafjöll has not erupted during the last 1100 years.[5]: 4313 While these eruptions were predominantly effusive some basaltic tephra deposits have been found up to 40–50 km (25–31 mi) away.[6]
A Mw5.9 with an epicenter near the main Vatnafjöll edifice occurred on 25th May, 1987,[5]: 4313 where the transform South Iceland seismic zone meets the East volcanic zone of Iceland. Later analysis has suggested that initiation was from strain relief but a subsurface dyke intrusion then occurred over the next 3 days.[2]: 1161
See also
References
- ^ "National Land Survey of Iceland (Kortasja)". Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ a b Ágústsson, K.; Linde, A.T.; Stefánsson, R.; Sacks, S. (1999). "Strain changes for the 1987 Vatnafjöll earthquake in south Iceland and possible magmatic triggering". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 104 (B1): 1151–1161. Bibcode:1999JGR...104.1151A. doi:10.1029/1998JB900027.
- ^ "Hekla". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla". Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ a b Bjarnason, I.T.; Einarsson, P. (1991). "Source mechanism of the 1987 Vatnafjöll earthquake in South Iceland". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 96 (B3): 4313–4324. Bibcode:1991JGR....96.4313B. doi:10.1029/90JB00831.
- ^ "Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes:Hekla". Retrieved 3 July 2024.: Detailed Description:Eruption history and pattern:Fissure swarm
