Shoji Nishikawa: Difference between revisions
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Nishikawa's significant contributions include the analysis of the phase transformation of quartz and the experimental evidence of deviations from [[Friedel's law]] for certain crystal structures. In 1950, Nishikawa was co-founded the [[Crystallographic Society of Japan]] and became its first president.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=TakéUchi |first1=Yoshio |title=On the thirty years of the Crystallographic Society of Japan |journal=Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi |date=1981 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=47–50 |doi=10.5940/jcrsj.23.47}}</ref> One of Nishikawa's students was [[Seishi Kikuchi]], who in 1928 described the [[Kikuchi lines]] that appear in [[electron diffraction]] and were named after him.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nishikawa |first1=S. |last2=Kikuchi |first2=S. |title=Diffraction of Cathode Rays by Mica |journal=Nature |date=June 1928 |volume=121 |issue=3061 |pages=1019–1020 |doi=10.1038/1211019a0}}</ref><ref name=nitta></ref> |
Nishikawa's significant contributions include the analysis of the phase transformation of quartz and the experimental evidence of deviations from [[Friedel's law]] for certain crystal structures. In 1950, Nishikawa was co-founded the [[Crystallographic Society of Japan]] and became its first president.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=TakéUchi |first1=Yoshio |title=On the thirty years of the Crystallographic Society of Japan |journal=Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi |date=1981 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=47–50 |doi=10.5940/jcrsj.23.47}}</ref> One of Nishikawa's students was [[Seishi Kikuchi]], who in 1928 described the [[Kikuchi lines]] that appear in [[electron diffraction]] and were named after him.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nishikawa |first1=S. |last2=Kikuchi |first2=S. |title=Diffraction of Cathode Rays by Mica |journal=Nature |date=June 1928 |volume=121 |issue=3061 |pages=1019–1020 |doi=10.1038/1211019a0}}</ref><ref name=nitta></ref> |
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Nishikawa was elected into the [[Japan Academy]] in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deceased Members: N {{!}} The Japan Academy |url=https://www.japan-acad.go.jp/en/members/bukko/n_gyo.html |website=www.japan-acad.go.jp}}</ref> He received the [[Order of Culture|Japanese Order of Culture]] in 1952 |
Nishikawa was elected into the [[Japan Academy]] in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deceased Members: N {{!}} The Japan Academy |url=https://www.japan-acad.go.jp/en/members/bukko/n_gyo.html |website=www.japan-acad.go.jp}}</ref> He received the [[Order of Culture|Japanese Order of Culture]] in 1952<ref>{{cite web |title=テーマ別 文化勲章 |url=http://soutairoku.com/01_soutai/15-06_bunkakunsyou.htm |website=soutairoku.com}}</ref> and was also an honorary citizen of [[Hachiōji]], where he was born.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=八王子市の概要|八王子市公式ホームページ |url=https://www.city.hachioji.tokyo.jp/shisei/002/002/p006163.html |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=www.city.hachioji.tokyo.jp |language=ja}}</ref> |
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== Personal life == |
== Personal life == |
Revision as of 18:35, 6 July 2024
Shoji Nishikawa (Japanese: 西川正治, 5 December 1884 – 5 January 1952) was a Japanese physicist and a founding father of crystallography in Japan.[1][2][3]
Education and career
Nishikawa was born in 1884 in Hachiōji, Tokyo Prefecture, as the son of an important silk dealer. He grew up in Tokyo and later studied at the Faculty of Science at the Imperial University of Tokyo (now University of Tokyo). After initial research into radioactivity, inspired by Torahiko Terada, his interest turned to crystallography, which was experiencing a worldwide boom with the then new method of X-ray diffraction for structural analysis. The first publications of Nishikawa between 1913 and 1915, at a time when the British Nobel Prize winners in physics William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg were doing groundbreaking pioneering work in this field. Between 1916 and 1919, Nishikawa stayed in the United States and worked at Cornell University, where he was a mentor of the then graduate student Ralph Wyckoff.[4][5] Before returning to Japan in 1920, Nishikawa spent six months with William H. Bragg at University College London. He then led the first research group at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (now known as RIKEN) and worked there until 1949. In 1924, Nishikawa became a professor at the University of Tokyo, where he worked until his retirement in 1945.[3]
Nishikawa's significant contributions include the analysis of the phase transformation of quartz and the experimental evidence of deviations from Friedel's law for certain crystal structures. In 1950, Nishikawa was co-founded the Crystallographic Society of Japan and became its first president.[6] One of Nishikawa's students was Seishi Kikuchi, who in 1928 described the Kikuchi lines that appear in electron diffraction and were named after him.[7][2]
Nishikawa was elected into the Japan Academy in 1937.[8] He received the Japanese Order of Culture in 1952[9] and was also an honorary citizen of Hachiōji, where he was born.[10]
Personal life
Nishikawa was married to a teacher named Kiku Ayai and they had four sons and a daughter. Both of his two sons later became physicists. The first son, Tetsuji Nishikawa (1926-2010), was one of the founding fathers of the The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (also known as KEK) and was its general director from 1977 to 1989. A younger son, Kyōji Nishikawa (born 1934), is an emeritus professor at the Hiroshima University specialized in nuclear fusion and plasma science. Nishikawa died of apoplexy at his home on January 5th, 1952.[2]
References
- ^ "西川正治". コトバンク (in Japanese).
- ^ a b c Nitta, I. (1962). "Shoji Nishikawa 1884–1952". Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction. pp. 328–334. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9961-6_19.
- ^ a b Nitta, I. (1962). "Japan". Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction. pp. 484–492. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9961-6_36.
- ^ "The Beginnings of X-ray Crystallography | Carnegie GL History". gl-history.carnegiescience.edu.
- ^ Lalena†, John N. (April 2006). "From quartz to quasicrystals: probing nature's geometric patterns in crystalline substances". Crystallography Reviews. 12 (2): 125–180. doi:10.1080/08893110600838528.
- ^ TakéUchi, Yoshio (1981). "On the thirty years of the Crystallographic Society of Japan". Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi. 23 (2): 47–50. doi:10.5940/jcrsj.23.47.
- ^ Nishikawa, S.; Kikuchi, S. (June 1928). "Diffraction of Cathode Rays by Mica". Nature. 121 (3061): 1019–1020. doi:10.1038/1211019a0.
- ^ "Deceased Members: N | The Japan Academy". www.japan-acad.go.jp.
- ^ "テーマ別 文化勲章". soutairoku.com.
- ^ "八王子市の概要|八王子市公式ホームページ". www.city.hachioji.tokyo.jp (in Japanese). 2022-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-06.