Kybartai: Difference between revisions
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== History == |
== History == |
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Kybartai was founded under the reign of [[Sigismund I the Old]] by the colonization efforts of his wife, [[Bona Sforza]]. |
Kybartai was founded under the reign of [[Sigismund I the Old]] by the colonization efforts of his wife, Queen [[Bona Sforza]]. |
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In 1561, it was listed in the land-register of [[Jurbarkas]] and [[Virbalis]]. |
In 1561, it was listed in the land-register of [[Jurbarkas]] and [[Virbalis]]. |
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When in 1861 a branch of the [[Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway]] was built from [[Vilnius]] to the [[Prussia]]n border, where it was linked to the [[Prussian Eastern Railway]], the Russian border station near the village of Kybartai was named after the neighbouring town of Verzhbolovo (Вержболово), Lithuanian [[Virbalis]], German Wirballen. Meanwhile, Kybartai has become a town bigger than Virbalis and the now Lithuanian border station is called Kybartai, too. The German station of the Prussian Eastern Railway on the western side of the frontier was ''Eydtkuhnen'', today it is the Russian border station and called [[Chernyshevskoye]] (Чернышевское). |
When in 1861 a branch of the [[Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway]] was built from [[Vilnius]] to the [[Prussia]]n border, where it was linked to the [[Prussian Eastern Railway]], the Russian border station near the village of Kybartai was named after the neighbouring town of Verzhbolovo (Вержболово), Lithuanian [[Virbalis]], German Wirballen. Meanwhile, Kybartai has become a town bigger than Virbalis and the now Lithuanian border station is called Kybartai, too. The German station of the Prussian Eastern Railway on the western side of the frontier was ''Eydtkuhnen'', today it is the Russian border station and called [[Chernyshevskoye]] (Чернышевское). |
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In 1914, Kybartai had 10 000 inhabitants. The town was destroyed in [[World War I]], but soon recovered and grew again. In 1919 and 1924, Kybartai was granted town rights and privileges. Small businesses began to set up. In 1919, the [[Žiburys]] Society founded a secondary school (later to become a gymnasium). Lithuanian, German and Jewish schools and folk universities were established. |
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⚫ | On June 30, 1941, an [[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe]] of Germans and a few Lithuanian policemen perpetrated a mass execution of the local Jewish population. 106–116 men were murdered in a sand quarry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page/1/item/130/|title = Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania}}</ref> |
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In 1919, the first [[football]] club in Lithuania, FK Sveikata, was founded. In 1923, the town recorded a population of 6000. In 1927-1928, the Eucharistic Saviour Church was built according to the design of architect [[Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis]]. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Miškinis |first1=Algimantas |title=Kybartai |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/kybartai-1/ |website=vle.lt |publisher=LNB Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras |access-date=17 July 2024}}</ref> |
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From July to Autumn 1941, other Jews from the town were assassinated with hundreds of victims from the nearby town of [[Virbalis]] on another execution site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page/1/item/131/|title = Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania}}</ref> |
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Kybartai was the last place where President [[Antanas Smetona]] was staying in Lithuania. Late in the evening of 15 June 1940, when the Soviet army invaded Lithuania, President Smetona fled from Kybartai to Germany after crossing the Liepona stream. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kybartų seniūnija |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914051038/http://www.vilkaviskis.lt/index.php?-725858279 |website=vilkaviskis.lt |publisher=Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybė |access-date=17 July 2024}}</ref> On 15 June 1940, the [[Kybartai Acts]] were signed retrospectively, marking the formal transfer of power when Lithuania was occupied by the USSR army. |
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⚫ | During [[World War II]], Kybartai was again severely devastated (only 100 inhabitants remained). On June 30, 1941, an [[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe]] of Germans and a few Lithuanian policemen perpetrated a mass execution of the local Jewish population. 106–116 men were murdered in a sand quarry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page/1/item/130/|title = Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania}}</ref> From July to Autumn 1941, other Jews from the town were executed with hundreds of victims from the nearby town of [[Virbalis]] on another execution site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page/1/item/131/|title = Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania}}</ref> |
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In 1945, the Kybartai Secondary School was founded and in 1964 was named after Kristijonas Donelaitis. |
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== People born in Kybartai == |
== People born in Kybartai == |
Revision as of 21:37, 17 July 2024
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Kybartai | |
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City | |
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Coordinates: 54°37′20″N 22°46′0″E / 54.62222°N 22.76667°E | |
Land | ![]() |
Ethnographic region | Suvalkija |
County | ![]() |
Municipality | Vilkaviškis district municipality |
Eldership | Kybartai eldership |
Capital of | Kybartai eldership |
First mentioned | 1561 |
Granted city rights | 1856 |
Population (2023) | |
• Total | 4,879 |
Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Kybartai (; German: Kibarten, Yiddish: קיבאַרט, Russian: Кибартай) is a town in Marijampolė County, Vilkaviškis District Municipality in south-western Lithuania. It is located 20 km (12 mi) west of Vilkaviškis and is on the border of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.
History
Kybartai was founded under the reign of Sigismund I the Old by the colonization efforts of his wife, Queen Bona Sforza. In 1561, it was listed in the land-register of Jurbarkas and Virbalis.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Stancija_Ver%C5%BEbolovo1900.png/310px-Stancija_Ver%C5%BEbolovo1900.png)
When in 1861 a branch of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway was built from Vilnius to the Prussian border, where it was linked to the Prussian Eastern Railway, the Russian border station near the village of Kybartai was named after the neighbouring town of Verzhbolovo (Вержболово), Lithuanian Virbalis, German Wirballen. Meanwhile, Kybartai has become a town bigger than Virbalis and the now Lithuanian border station is called Kybartai, too. The German station of the Prussian Eastern Railway on the western side of the frontier was Eydtkuhnen, today it is the Russian border station and called Chernyshevskoye (Чернышевское).
In 1914, Kybartai had 10 000 inhabitants. The town was destroyed in World War I, but soon recovered and grew again. In 1919 and 1924, Kybartai was granted town rights and privileges. Small businesses began to set up. In 1919, the Žiburys Society founded a secondary school (later to become a gymnasium). Lithuanian, German and Jewish schools and folk universities were established.
In 1919, the first football club in Lithuania, FK Sveikata, was founded. In 1923, the town recorded a population of 6000. In 1927-1928, the Eucharistic Saviour Church was built according to the design of architect Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis. [1]
Kybartai was the last place where President Antanas Smetona was staying in Lithuania. Late in the evening of 15 June 1940, when the Soviet army invaded Lithuania, President Smetona fled from Kybartai to Germany after crossing the Liepona stream. [2] On 15 June 1940, the Kybartai Acts were signed retrospectively, marking the formal transfer of power when Lithuania was occupied by the USSR army.
During World War II, Kybartai was again severely devastated (only 100 inhabitants remained). On June 30, 1941, an Einsatzgruppe of Germans and a few Lithuanian policemen perpetrated a mass execution of the local Jewish population. 106–116 men were murdered in a sand quarry.[3] From July to Autumn 1941, other Jews from the town were executed with hundreds of victims from the nearby town of Virbalis on another execution site.[4]
In 1945, the Kybartai Secondary School was founded and in 1964 was named after Kristijonas Donelaitis.
People born in Kybartai
- the Russian landscape painter Isaac Ilyich Levitan (Russian language: Исаак Ильич Левитан, 1860–1900)
- the Polish composer Emil Młynarski (1870–1935)
- the Lithuanian painter Jacob Mesenblum (1895–1933)
- the Polish ethnographer Maria Znamierowska-Prüfferowa (1898-1990)
- the Austrian singer Harald Serafin (born 1931)
- the Lithuanian singer and politician Inga Valinskienė (born 1966)
References
- ^ Miškinis, Algimantas. "Kybartai". vle.lt. LNB Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Kybartų seniūnija". vilkaviskis.lt. Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybė. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania".
- ^ "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania".
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)