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||Don Alejandro Roces, Sr. Science and Technology High School || [[Quezon City]] || align="center"| 3||June 17, 2009||<ref name="alejandro roces first">{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20090618-211190/QC-high-school-suspends-classes-due-to-H1N1|title=QC high school suspends classes due to H1N1 |last=Aurelio|first=Julie|date=18 June 2009|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|accessdate=2009-06-18}}</ref> <ref name="60 in 10 schools">{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/video/43534/60-cases-of-swine-flu-found-in-10-schools|title=60 cases of swine flu found in 10 schools|date=17 June 2009|language=Tagalog|accessdate=2009-06-17}} In video.</ref>
||Don Alejandro Roces, Sr. Science and Technology High School || [[Quezon City]] || align="center"| 3||June 17, 2009||<ref name="alejandro roces first">{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20090618-211190/QC-high-school-suspends-classes-due-to-H1N1|title=QC high school suspends classes due to H1N1 |last=Aurelio|first=Julie|date=18 June 2009|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|accessdate=2009-06-18}}</ref> <ref name="60 in 10 schools">{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/video/43534/60-cases-of-swine-flu-found-in-10-schools|title=60 cases of swine flu found in 10 schools|date=17 June 2009|language=Tagalog|accessdate=2009-06-17}} In video.</ref>
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|| [[Don Bosco Technical College]] || [[Mandaluyong City]] || align="center" | 1 || June 21, 2009 ||<ref name="schools with h1n1"/>
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||[[Don Bosco Academy]] || [[Mabalacat, Pampanga]] || align="center" | 2 || June 22, 2009 ||<ref name="schoolas with h1n1"/>
||[[Don Bosco Academy]] || [[Mabalacat, Pampanga]] || align="center" | 2 || June 22, 2009 ||<ref name="schoolas with h1n1"/>
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|| [[Don Bosco Technical College]] || [[Mandaluyong City]] || align="center" | 1 || June 21, 2009 ||<ref name="schools with h1n1"/>
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||Doña Candelaria Meneses Duque Memorial High School || [[Bulacan, Bulacan|Bulacan]], [[Bulacan]] || align="center"|8|| June 15, 2009||<ref name="ballon to 247"/><ref name="311, UP Diliman"/>
||Doña Candelaria Meneses Duque Memorial High School || [[Bulacan, Bulacan|Bulacan]], [[Bulacan]] || align="center"|8|| June 15, 2009||<ref name="ballon to 247"/><ref name="311, UP Diliman"/>

Revision as of 07:40, 25 June 2009

Main article: 2009 flu pandemic
See also: 2009 flu pandemic by country, 2009 flu pandemic timeline, and 2009 flu pandemic in Asia
Outbreak evolution in the Philippines as confirmed or suspected by different agencies. (June 18, 2009)
  Confirmed cases followed by death
  Confirmed community outbreak of H1N1
  Confirmed cases by the Department of Health
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases

The 2009 flu pandemic in the Philippines began on May 21, 2009 when a young Filipina girl first contracted the A(H1N1) virus while in the United States. In the following days, several local cases were reported to be caused by contact with two infected Taiwanese women who attended a wedding ceremony in Zambales.

The 10-year-old Filipina girl arrived the country on May 18 and was hospitalized the day after at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine in Muntinlupa City. On May 21, Department of Health (DOH) secretary Francisco Duque confirmed the case being the first Philippine swine flu case. On a May 22 press conference at World Health Organization Regional Office in Manila, Secretary Duque announced the first A(H1N1) case in the country:

The DOH confirms today the first case of A(H1N1) in the Philippines. She is a female traveler who arrived in the country on May 18 from the United States, whose throat specimen tested positive based on results from the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine.[1]

— Health Secretary Francisco Duque, Philippine Daily Inquirer

Since the outbreak of A(H1N1) in the Americas, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo urged the Department of Health, the Bureau of Immigration, the Bureau of Quarantine and other concerned agencies to control monitor airport and seaport arrivals for possible flu infection. Thermal imaging equipment were installed at major airports to screen passengers coming from infected countries for flu symptoms.[2][3] The Philippines may quarantine travelers arriving from Mexico with fever.[4] Also, the importation of hogs from the U.S. and Mexico was manned, and the restriction of swine influenza vaccine use was retracted. As of June 22, 2009, there are 445 confirmed cases in the Philippines followed by 1 death on June 19, 2009, a 49 year-old Filipina, the first confirmed death of A(H1N1) in Asia.

Detection and confirmation of the first case

Human Influenza A(H1N1) cases in the Philippines
(By Region)
Cases Deaths
Laboratory confirmed
(DOH) 		Date of las confirmation
(DOH) 		Confirmed deaths
(DOH)
3,207[5][6]
(1,709)[6] 		July 30[5][6]
(July 30) 		9[7]
8
Regional breakdown‡
Confirmed cases Deaths
Region I 5 0
Region II 1 0
CAR 187 4
Region III 248 0
NCR 1, 255 4
Region IV-A 251 0
Region IV-B 10 0
Region V 28 0
Region VI 7 0
Region VII 10 0
Region VIII 42 1
Region IX 1 0
Region X 19 0
ARMM 0 0
Region XI 11 0
Region XII 1 0
Caraga 13 0

Non-DOH total

1, 815 9
‡ Figures per region is not tallied into independent news sources and DOH updates. This is a natural situation since DOH did not issued updates anymore.
This box:

Confirmation

On May 18, 2009, a Filipino family coming from a trip in Canada and United States arrived in the country. Though infected by the flu, their ten-year-old female child did not exhibit any symptoms except a day after arrival.[8][9] Due to this, her parents decided to inform the local health authorities about it, prompting Department of Health (DOH) representatives to require the girl to undergo laboratory testing at the RITM.[10]

On Thursday, May 21, health authorities and the RITM were able to confirm that the girl was and the first virus "carrier" through throat specimen tests, and the first A(H1N1) infected in the Philippines.

The next day, Health Secretary Duque announced the first flu case at a conference of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva.[10] He then assured members of the media that there is no outbreak so far in the Philippines. However, health authorities did not publicize information regarding the name of the child and her family.[9]

Release from the hospital

The Director of the National Epidemiology Center, Dr. Eric Tayag, said that the girl's immune system had a positive response to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and other anti-viral drugs. By May 24, she no longer exhibited fever and cough but still suffered from a sore throat.[11] The 10-year-old was discharged last May 28 by the DOH together with the second A(H1N1) patient, a 50-year-old female from Chicago.[12]

National responses

Opening of classes

The day after the confirmation of the first case in the country, the Department of Education (DepEd) indicated that classes will continue to start on June 1 as scheduled.[13] In consulting with Secretary Duque, both he and Education Secretary Jesli Lapus reached a decision to go on with the original scheduled date of the opening of classes. Dr. Tayag also said that there is no reason for class suspension unless there is an actual outbreak in the country.[13]

According to DepEd-National Capital Region director Teresita Domalanta, Secretary Lapus has instructed them to order schools to carry out seminars and launch an information campaign about the symptoms and virus prevention among schools.[11]

In line with this, Secreatry Duque issued on May 30 a response alert system on when schools should suspend their classes.[14][15] Based on the response alert system set by the DOH, the Philippines is under response alert level three.[16]

Orders of class suspensions

As of June 6, 2009, because of the said incident, the Commission on Higher Education (CHEd) moved the opening of classes for all colleges and universities nationwide from June 8 to June 15, 2009.[17]

CHeD Chairman Emmanuel Angeles said that this postponement of classes will enable the students, especially those coming from abroad vacations, ample time to check their health and go on self-quarantine in case of any virus symptoms will exhibit.[18]

Presidential actions

File:Metro Manila PH A(H1N1) Map 8 June 2009.png
Outbreak evolution in the Metro Manila as confirmed or suspected by different agencies. (June 18, 2009)
  Confirmed cases followed by death
  Confirmed cases by the Department of Health
  Unconfirmed or suspected cases

In a press conference, Press Secretary Cerge Remonde said that President Arroyo has reiterated her instructions to the DOH, the Bureau of Immigration and all other concerned agencies to be on the top of the situation for regular updates.[19]

The president also ensured that the government is ready to give one million capsules of Tamiflu in case of an epidemic. [10]

Travel bans and advisories

As of 24 May, Department of Tourism so not issued a travel ban on the country in accordance with the reported flu cases of A(H1N1). Tourism secretary Joseph Ace Durano in his travel advisory said that there are no reported cancellations in any tourism booking so far.[20]

On the other hand, the government issued travel advisories for Mexico, the United States and other mostly-infected areas, advising Filipinos to refrain from making unnecessary travel.[21]

Changes in mass rituals

On June 5, Manila Archbishop Gaudencio Cardinal Rosales through instructions to Fr. Genaro Diwa of the Ministry of the Liturgical Affairs of the Archdiocese of Manila, issued an advisory ordering priests to temporarily give communion only by the hand, instead of the traditional mouth; and that holding hands during singing of Our Father (Ama Namin) will be discouraged.[22][23] During the Mass for the 5th anniversary of Pondo ng Pinoy at the Xavier School gymnasium in Greenhills, San Juan, the directive was announced before the start of the celebration of the Eucharist.

In line with this, the Manila Archbishop ordered the continuation of earlier commanded Oratio Imperata On H1N1, revisioning the obligatory prayer from its original version-centered on the virus-infected country of Mexico. He added that the Philippines should be included, and other countries in the prayer.[22]

On June 23, the Archbishop of Jaro (in Iloilo) Angel Lagdameo ordered local churches to empty holy water stoups whereas churchgoers are strongly advised to do sign of the cross instead of using holy water.[24]

Policy of mitigation

Tamiflu, influenza antiviral drug

Though the influenza virus is now treated mild, DOH will only then treat it like an ordinary flu, whereas it is no longer an obligation to follow all sick persons. According to Duque, if they shall continue their containment policy, the DOH will lose all their resources. He added, "Ituturing na lamang namin ito na parang [isang] karaniwang trangkaso na lamang. Mahirap namang babantayan mo[/natin] lahat ng [mga] 'yan[g pasyente]." (We shall treat this disease like an ordinary influenza. It is so difficult, as you think, to follow and trace all of them (the patients).[25]

On the other hand, DOH shifted into policy of mitigation where patients with symptoms anomaly exhibiting swine flu will just go see a doctor.[25]

Sources of transmission

Aside from the usual A(H1N1) patients coming from infected countries (including Filipino and non-Filipino people), there are several possible sources of transmission in the Philippines:

  • Zambales wedding occasion of May
On May 17, 2009, a wedding feast was conducted on the Central Luzon province of Zambales, with the DOH-estimated number of attendees around fifty.[26] The occasion was said to be in a beach resort in the province.[27] Two of the wedding attendees were Taiwanese nationals, a mother and her daughter, were found positive of the influenza virus when upon arrival in Taipei.[28] The following days, DOH tracked the location of the remaining guests through contact tracing, where they found around ten more positive for the flu.[29]
Later, DOH Central Luzon Director Dr. Rio Magpantay said that the total attendees were around eighty, contrary to the previously reported around 50.[27] Other news sources claimed that it was not a wedding occasion, but a yoga seminar instead, where around a hundred foreign nationals attended.[30]
  • Relativities
  • Unknown sources

Infected communities/institutions

Schools

The first Philippine school to contract A(H1N1) case was in De La Salle University (Manila) presumably in June 3, followed by suspension of classes effective June 4 ending then in June 14.[31] A few days before, in May 30, a mysterious swine flu-like illness was spotted into 29 students of Hilera Elementary School in Jaen, Nueva Ecija[32] which eventually climbed to 40, five days after.[33] The continuous transmission of A(H1N1) in barangay Hilera mystifies health officials, where immediately spread to 19 person, urging DOH to declare community outbreak by June 15 and Nueva Ecija provincial government a state of calamity the following day.[34][35]

Infected schools in the Philippines  (Student cases)[36]#
Note: New events does not reflect on an immediate time in this statistic.
Name of school Standort Number of student cases
(as of September 8, 2024) 		Date of first
confirmation 		References
Adamson University Manila 1 June 19, 2009 [37][38]
Angelicum College Quezon City 1 June 20, 2009 [39][40]
Ateneo de Manila High School Quezon City 3 June 9, 2009 [41][42]
Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City 4 June 17, 2009 [43]
Bacabac Elementary School Camiling, Tarlac ? June 22, 2009#### [44]
Bedastos Elementary School Bulacan ? June 22, 2009#### [44]
De La Salle University Manila 16 June 3, 2009 [41][45]
De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde Manila 2 June 9, 2009 [41][46]
Dominican College San Juan City 1 June 17, 2009 [36][43]
Don Alejandro Roces, Sr. Science and Technology High School Quezon City 3 June 17, 2009 [47] [46]
Don Bosco Academy Mabalacat, Pampanga 2 June 22, 2009 [48]
Don Bosco Technical College Mandaluyong City 1 June 21, 2009 [36]
Doña Candelaria Meneses Duque Memorial High School Bulacan, Bulacan 8 June 15, 2009 [41][49]
Far Eastern University - East Asia College Manila 3 June 8, 2009 [41][46]
Hilera Elementary School Jaen, Nueva Ecija
Community outbreak[34] confirmed by DOH##		 12 June 11, 2009 [41][46]
Karangalan Elementary School Cainta, Rizal 2 June 21, 2009 [36][50]
Lagro Elementary School Quezon City 2 June 16, 2009 [41][51]
La Salle Green Hills Mandaluyong City 1 June 21, 2009 [36]
Lourdes School of Mandaluyong Mandaluyong City 2 June 18, 2009 [52][53]
Mapúa Institute of Technology Makati City 3### June 15, 2009 [41][54][55]
Miriam College Quezon City 3 June 16, 2009 [56]
Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College Marikina City 1 June 17, 2009 [51]
PAREF Southridge School Muntinlupa City 1 June 20, 2009 [36]
Philippine Science High School Palo, Leyte 1 June 16, 2009 [57]
Reedley International School Quezon City 1 June 20, 2009 [58]
Sacdalan Elementary School San Miguel, Bulacan ? June 22, 2009#### [44]
San Beda College Manila 1 June 20, 2009 [59]
Santa Rosa Central School Santa Rosa, Laguna 2 June 19, 2009 [59][60]
St. Scholastica's College Manila 1 June 21, 2009 [36]
St. Andrew's School Parañaque City 1 June 10, 2009 [41]
St. Paul College, Pasig Pasig City 1 June 18, 2009 [61]
The British School Manila Taguig City ? June 22, 2009#### [44]
University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue, Cebu 3 June 20, 2009 [62]
University of Santo Tomas Manila 1 June 22, 2009 [36][63]
University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City 1 June 17, 2009 [64][49]
# Figures do not include occurrences in respective cities.
## These figures do not reflect the actual number of infections in the whole town of Jaen. The numbers pertaining to Hilera Elementary School solely define the students infected by the virus.
### Some news sources claim to be three, Mapua said it is two. Check the references for more details.
#### No other information provided.[44]

Towns and cities

Philippine provinces and cities with A(H1N1) case(s)
Note: New events does not reflect on an immediate time in this statistic.
Province Standorte References
Agusan del Norte Butuan City [65]
Batangas Batangas City [30][66]
Bulacan Bulacan [67]
Guiguinto [68]
Benguet Baguio City [69][70]
Bohol [71]
Capiz Roxas City [72]
Cebu Mandaue City [73][62]
Iloilo Jaro [74]
Laguna Santa Rosa [59][60]
Leyte Palo [57]
Nueva Ecija Jaen† [75][76]
Negros Occidental Bacolod City [77][78]
Pampanga [79]
Pangasinan [80]
Rizal Cainta [50]
Samar Catbalogan [79][78]
Tarlac Tarlac [44]
Zambales Iba†† [81] [82]
Metro Manila†††
Caloocan City†††
Makati City††† [83][54]
Manila††† [83][84][85]
Mandaluyong City††† [52]
Marikina City††† [51][79]
Muntinlupa City [1]
Parañaque City††† [86]
Pasig City††† [87]
San Juan City [36]
Quezon City†††,†††† [42][49][64][88]
Taguig City [44]
Valenzuela City [89]
† Community level outbreak currently in effect. Barangays in Jaen include Hilera, Lambakin and Pakil.
†† See subsection Zambales wedding for more information.
††† Low community outbreaks confirmed by the DOH.[90]
†††† First death in the Philippines with A(H1N1) relation was reported, Department of Health denied the location but they said it is in Metro Manila.[88] House of Representatives doctor and deputy secretary-general Ramon Roque announced that it was an employee of the House.

Timeline

Template:Chronology of 2009 swine flu cases in the Philippines Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III ordered the Bureau of Quarantine to use thermal imaging equipment at airports to screen passengers coming from the US for flu symptoms.[91][92] The Philippines may quarantine travelers arriving from Mexico with fevers.[4] Also, the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture issued an order banning the importation of hogs from the U.S. and Mexico, and the retraction of the restriction of swine influenza vaccine use.[93] The medical alert phase is set at Code White, the lowest.[94]

On May 18, 2009, a Filipina girl who arrived from the US was the first confirmed case of H1N1 virus in the Philippines. Health Secretary Duque advised that the girl is in stable condition and is in quarantine. [95]

The Department of Health (DOH) reported its second confirmed case of Influenza A(H1N1) virus infection in the country as a 50 year old patient who arrived in the country from the United States on May 20, 2009 showed symptoms of the dreaded flu, including coughs and fever. The patient is currently under observation at the Research Institute of Tropical Medicine (RITM) in Manila. [96]

On May 27, 2009. DOH confirmed four new cases of A(H1N1) virus in the Philippines bringing the total of confirmed cases in the Philippines to six.[97]

On May 28, 2009, another four new cases of A(H1N1) virus in the Philippines were confirmed by the DOH Philippines on the radio interview with DOH Secretary Francisco Duque III. There are now 10 confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus in the Philippines. "Expect more confirm cases of A(H1N1) virus in our country since the Flu season is coming" he said.[98]

On May 29, 2009, health officials confirmed four new cases bringing the total of cases to 14.[99]

On May 30, 2009, 2 new confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus were added into 16 confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus in the Philippines. Health Secretary Francisco Duque III said the two included a 51 years old female and a 21 years old male, both of whom arrived in Manila last May 26.[100]

On June 1, 2009, additional 5 confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus in the Philippines. In total of 21 confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus in the country which was announced by the Department of Health in the Philippines lately.[101]

On June 3, 2009, a foreign exchange student in De La Salle University-Manila was confirmed with H1N1 virus and the school was closed for ten days starting June 4.[31]

De La Salle University (Manila) was closed because of 15 students infected by A(H1N1) since June 3.

As of June 4, 2009, the confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus rose to 29, after the staff of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and another De La Salle-Manila student were confirmed that they were infected with the virus.[102]

As of June 5, 2009, the total of confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus rose from 29 cases last June 4 to 33 confirmed cases as of June 5. Philippine Health Secretary Francisco Duque III said the new cases are two siblings and another student of De La Salle University.[103]

As of June 6, 2009, because of the said incident, the Commission in Higher Education (CHEd) moved the opening of classes in all colleges and universities nationwide from June 8, 2009 to June 15, 2009.

As of June 8, 2009, DOH confirmed additional six new cases of swine flu patients but their whereabouts and the location of detection and identities are not given.[104]

As of June 15, 2009, Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III confirmed verifiable information regarding the additional 46 more mild A(H1N1) cases, and then declared the first A(H1N1) community-level outbreak involving transmission in Barangay Hilera, Jaen, Nueva Ecija.[34]

As of June 16, 2009, Nueva Ecija provincial government put the municipality of Jaen under a state of calamity.[35]

As of June 17, the total of confirmed cases of A(H1N1) virus rose from 247 cases to 311 confirmed cases.[105]

As of June 18, Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III today reported 149 fully recovered patients more were sent home while confirming 33 new cases, all mild in nature. [106]

As of June 19, Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III today reported that 15 more fully recovered A (H1N1) cases were already sent home. The total number of recovered cases is now 262 while the total count of positive cases remains at 344. [107]

On June 22, the first Influenza A (H1N1) fatality was reported. The first fatality from the disease in Asia.[108]

On June 23, low level community outbreaks were confirmed by DOH in Metro Manila.[90] Influenza cases rose to 473.[109]

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  3. ^ The Philippines' may quarantine travelers with Swine flu Symptoms
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  21. ^ Esguerra, Christian (27 April 2009). "Advisory on Mexico not a travel ban--Palace". Inquirer.NET. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
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  25. ^ a b Cargullo, Donabelle (8 June 2009). "DOH, hinay-hinay na sa A(H1N1)" (in Tagalog). Bulgar. p. 2. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  26. ^ Pazzibugan, Donna (30 May 2009). "2 more wedding guests in Zambales get A(H1N1)". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  27. ^ a b "DOH asked to search beyond Central Luzon". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  28. ^ Araneta, Macon (26 May 2009). "Govt tracking down 50 wedding guests for flu virus". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
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