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In 1400, the Barony - and the ownership of Bonaly - was granted to Sir William [[Clan Cunningham|Cunningham]] of [[Kilmaurs]], by [[Robert III]]. Sometime after 1538, ownership passed to James Foulis, who became Baron Colinton. <ref>{{cite web |url= http://thepeerage.com/p32644.htm|title=Person Page - 32644 |access date=12 March 2010 |publisher=thePeerage.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url= http://thepeerage.com/p41461.htm|title=Person Page - 41461 |access date=12 March 2010 |publisher=thePeerage.com}}</ref> |
In 1400, the Barony - and the ownership of Bonaly - was granted to Sir William [[Clan Cunningham|Cunningham]] of [[Kilmaurs]], by [[Robert III]]. Sometime after 1538, ownership passed to James Foulis, who became Baron Colinton. <ref>{{cite web |url= http://thepeerage.com/p32644.htm|title=Person Page - 32644 |access date=12 March 2010 |publisher=thePeerage.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url= http://thepeerage.com/p41461.htm|title=Person Page - 41461 |access date=12 March 2010 |publisher=thePeerage.com}}</ref> |
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During this period, Bonaly is likely to have been home to a modest population of tenant farmers, living in [[cottar|cot-houses]], raising [[livestock]] and practising the [[ |
During this period, Bonaly is likely to have been home to a modest population of tenant farmers, living in [[cottar|cot-houses]], raising [[livestock]] and practising the [[open field]] system of [[rig and furrow]] agriculture. They may have supplemented their income with [[weaving]]. It is difficult to estimate the size of the settlement at this time but the area under cultivation was extensive. Traces of [[rig and furrow]] cultivation strips can be seen in the hills high above Bonaly, on land that has now reverted to rough-grazing. <ref>{{cite web |url= http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/293224/details/bonaly+reservoir/|title=Bonaly Reservoir |access date=12 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland}}</ref> |
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The Foulis family were supporters of the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] cause during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] and their fortunes suffered badly after Cromwell's victorious[[Oliver_Cromwell#Scottish_campaign:_1650.E2.80.931651| campaign]]in Scotland. They were forced to sell off much of their lands |
The Foulis family were supporters of the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] cause during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] and their fortunes suffered badly after Cromwell's victorious[[Oliver_Cromwell#Scottish_campaign:_1650.E2.80.931651| campaign]]in Scotland. They were forced to sell off much of their lands. In the aftermath of [[Oliver_Cromwell|Cromwell's]] campaign, English troops were [[billet|billeted]] at Bonaly. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://download.edinburgh.gov.uk/caca/CACAColinton.pdf|title=Colinton Conservation Area Character Appraisal|access date=12 March 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archive.org/stream/parishofcolinton00shan/parishofcolinton00shan_djvu.txt|title=The parish of Colinton : from an early period to the present day|access date=12 March 2010}}</ref> |
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Bonaly was eventually acquired around 1700 by a relation of the Foulis family - Sir John Foulis of Woodhall. Sir John acquired what appears to have been busy and prosperous community. |
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The 17th and 18th centuries were a time of radical change in the Scottish agricultural landscape, and Bonaly was not an exception to this. The process of [[enclosure]] resulted in the disappearance of the small strips of land cultivated by tenant farmers as these were re-arranged into larger and more productive fields, surrounded by newly-planted [[hedgerows]]. Bonaly Road - linking the village of Bonaly with Woodhall Road and Colinton - is likely to have been formed on its current line during this period and the hedgerows along the road may be the remnants of those planted at this time. |
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Sir John Foulis was keen to improve his lands and, as well as enlosing existing farmland, brought areas of moorland under cultivation. Whilst the new farming methods were more productive, they required less labour and the village of Bonaly is likely to have declined as farmers left to seek other employment. |
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Revision as of 16:29, 12 March 2010
User:Karmstro/Sandbox
| Bonaly | |
|---|---|
| Population | 1 (1995 Census) |
| OS grid reference | NT214683 |
| Council area | |
| Land | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | Vereinigtes Königreich |
| Post town | EDINBURGH |
| Postcode district | EH13 |
| Dialling code | 0131 |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| UK Parliament | |
| Scottish Parliament | |
Bonaly is an area on the south-western outskirts of Edinburgh and the northern slopes of the Pentland Hills, lying within the Parish of Colinton. It is a mix of mainly post-war housing, woodland, pasture-land and heather moorland. Bonaly Burn has its sources in the hills above Bonaly and flows towards Oxgangs, where it becomes the Braid Burn. The Edinburgh City Bypass passes through Bonaly.
Name
The name Bonaly may be derived from the Gaelic Bonnáth Linne (meaning “the pool at the bottom ford”) or from Bànáth Linne (meaning “the pool at the white ford”). [1]. An alternative suggestion is that the derivation is from the Gaelic Bonn-aill (meaning "the foot of the rocks or cliff").
Many different forms and spellings have appeared in docouments relating to Bonaly. In some of the earliest mentions, it appears as Bonalyn (1336-7) [2] and Benhathelyn (c.1340)
In Timothy Pont's detailed map of Scotland, it appears as a small settlement close to the Pentland Hills, labelled Bonely.
Harrison Gardens and Harrison Place, in the Edinburgh district of Merchiston, were originally named Bonaly Road and Bonaly Place. They were renamed in 1965 to avoid confusion with similar Bonaly addresses. [4]
History
Although now considered to be part of the Edinburgh suburb of Colinton, Bonaly was originally a small settlement in its own right. This existed on the banks of the Bonaly Burn, west of the present-day site of Bonaly Tower, until its destruction after 1811. There is no evidence to indicate when Bonaly was first settled, but area has a long history of human occupation and the remains of an Iron Age hillfort may be seen at Clubbiedean, 2km to the south-west. [5]
In the 12th Century, Norman barons began to arrive in Scotland and establish feudal estates. The lands of Bonaly formed part of the Barony of Redhall which also included Redhall itself, Oxgangs, Comiston, Swanston, Dreghorn, Pilmuir, Woodhall and Colinton. The earliest mention of Bonaly may be from 1280, when it appears in an account of legal proceedings concerning straying livestock. [6]
In 1400, the Barony - and the ownership of Bonaly - was granted to Sir William Cunningham of Kilmaurs, by Robert III. Sometime after 1538, ownership passed to James Foulis, who became Baron Colinton. [7] [8]
During this period, Bonaly is likely to have been home to a modest population of tenant farmers, living in cot-houses, raising livestock and practising the open field system of rig and furrow agriculture. They may have supplemented their income with weaving. It is difficult to estimate the size of the settlement at this time but the area under cultivation was extensive. Traces of rig and furrow cultivation strips can be seen in the hills high above Bonaly, on land that has now reverted to rough-grazing. [9]
The Foulis family were supporters of the Royalist cause during the Civil War and their fortunes suffered badly after Cromwell's victorious campaignin Scotland. They were forced to sell off much of their lands. In the aftermath of Cromwell's campaign, English troops were billeted at Bonaly. [10] [11]
Bonaly was eventually acquired around 1700 by a relation of the Foulis family - Sir John Foulis of Woodhall. Sir John acquired what appears to have been busy and prosperous community.
The 17th and 18th centuries were a time of radical change in the Scottish agricultural landscape, and Bonaly was not an exception to this. The process of enclosure resulted in the disappearance of the small strips of land cultivated by tenant farmers as these were re-arranged into larger and more productive fields, surrounded by newly-planted hedgerows. Bonaly Road - linking the village of Bonaly with Woodhall Road and Colinton - is likely to have been formed on its current line during this period and the hedgerows along the road may be the remnants of those planted at this time.
Sir John Foulis was keen to improve his lands and, as well as enlosing existing farmland, brought areas of moorland under cultivation. Whilst the new farming methods were more productive, they required less labour and the village of Bonaly is likely to have declined as farmers left to seek other employment.
James Gillespie's & Gillespie's Hospital ownership
During the early 20th Century, Colinton continued to grow rapidly and several large villas were individually constructed on Bonaly Road in the 1920s and 1930s.
In 1959, house-builders Mactaggart and Mickel commenced large-scale housing development on the land adjacent to Bonaly Farm – formerly known as the East Field. Over the following 40 years over 500 houses were constructed and, by 2000, virtually all the land between Bonaly Farm and the City Bypass had been developed for housing. The Bonaly Farm buildings fell into disuse during this period. Bonaly Farmhouse was detached from the farm and became a private residence. The farm buildings themselves were gutted by fire in 1981. Most of the buildings on the site were demolished when it was subsequently developed for housing, but some were retained and incorporated into the new homes.
Bonaly Farm Dairy continued to supply dairy products from premises at nearby West Mill Road in Colinton. and now operates from premises in Loanhead.
Bonaly Primary School
Bonaly Primary School is the main provider of primary education in Colinton, with a catchment area that takes in most of the Colinton area. It accommodates pupils from primary one to primary seven and also has a nursery for children between three and five years of age. It is managed by the City of Edinburgh Council and is feeder school for Firrhill High School
Pupils wear a distinctive yellow and brown uniform, with a school badge that depicts Bonaly Tower against the backdrop of the Pentland Hills.
Bonaly Primary was constructed on a greenfield site and opened in 1976. It was intended to replace older school premises at Thorburn Road in Colinton - which were too small to cope with the demand for school places. However, the new school at Bonaly was never large enough to accommodate all the pupils and the Thorburn Road premises were re-opened as an annex for use by the nursery and infant classes. Additional pre-fab classrooms were also used at the main school site.
In 2007, the school buildings were demolished and replaced with a larger building. This was opened in October 2008 and all school pupils were finally accommodated on the same site.
Bonaly Tower
Bonaly Outdoor Centre
In 1931 the Scout Association acquired an 11-hectare site, formerly part of the grounds of Bonaly Tower, for use as a permanent campsite.
Bonaly Outdoor Centre has two large camping fields, with a capacity for over two hundred campers, and two buildings providing indoor accommodation. One of these – Forth Lodge – has been purpose-built for groups with special needs. The centre is used by parties of Scouts, Guides and other youth groups, both from the local area and further afield. It has hosted many visiting groups from overseas.
A permanent centre manager is based on-site. The manager is supported by the Bonaly Service Team, a group of volunteers who assist in the running and maintenance of the centre. It is officially owned and operated by the South East Scotland Regional Scout Council.
Within the grounds of the Outdoor Centre is a stone-built bathing pool, naturally fed by the waters of the Dean Burn. Known locally as the 'Roman Bath' or 'Lord Cockburn's Bath', it is believed to have been constructed in the 19th Century.[13]
Bonaly Country Park
Bonaly Country Park was designated in 1984, and is a 290-hectare area of woodland, open moorland and reservoirs. It is entirely owned by the City of Edinburgh Council, with the exception of Clubbiedean and Torduff Reservoirs which are owned by Scottish Water. It is managed as part of the Pentland HillsRegional Park.[14] A small car park is located at the top of Bonaly Road, close to Bonaly Outdoor Centre. There are excellent views of Edinburgh, the Lothians, Fife and the Firth of Forth.
Bonaly Country Park is divided into two parts - lower and upper. The lower park has been in public ownership and managed as a public park since the 1940's. Prior to the creation of the Country Park, this area was grazed by livestock but this grazing no longer takes place and it has started to revert to woodland. The upper park occupies most of the Country Park, and is mostly heather moorland and unimproved grassland. It is leased to a tenant farmer for hill grazing. The two areas are seperated by woodland plantations, established in the 1920's.
Bonaly Reservoir
During the 19th Century, the Edinburgh Water Company created several reservoirs in the Pentland Hills. Bonaly Reservoir was one of the first to be constructed, and had two purposes - to supply fresh drinking water to the city and to ensure a constant flow of water in lower watercourses by acting as a compensation reservoir.
The reservoir is situated in a shelf on the north-west slope of Capelaw Hill. At 340m above sea level, it is the highest of the Pentland reservoirs and has an unusually small natural water catchment area. This has been augmented by catch-drains laid out across the hillside to the south-west, which act to divert spring and rain-water into the reservoir.
The present Bonaly Reservoir was created in 1853, on the site of an existing body of water known as Bonaly Pools, by the damming of the Dean Burn with a stone-faced earthwork. It has a capacity of 218 million litres and is 7.5m deep when full. [15] The remains of an earlier earthwork dam are located to the north of the current dam.
This site of the present reservoir has been a source of fresh water since 1761. A wooden pipeline was constructed from Bonaly Pools to Swanston, from where it was piped into the city. The wooden pipes were replaced by iron pipes towards the end of the 18th century. [16]This pipeline was re-discovered during a RCAHMS survey of adjacent military training areas in 2005. [17]
Unlike most of the Pentland reservoirs, Bonaly is not managed by Scottish Water and no longer forms part of the water supply chain. It is owned and managed by the City of Edinburgh Council. Proposals exist to manage the water levels in the reservoir so that feeding and breeding opportunities for wildlife are maximised. [18]
Other Information
Bonaly is served by a corner shop, opened in 1985 and by Lothian Buses number 10.
External links
References
- ^ Dixon, Norman (May 1947). "The Placenames of Midlothian" (PDF). Scottish Place-Name Society.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Joseph Bain (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, London, 1108 - 1509
- ^ Lynne Gladstone-Millar, The Colinton Story: celebrating 900 years of a Scottish parish, St Andrew Press, Edinburgh, 1994, ISBN: 9780861531950, pp.20
- ^ Stubbs, Percy. "Postcard of Bonaly Road". Edinphoto.org.uk.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Clubbiedean Hillfort". Cyberscotia.com.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ ,The Call of the Pentlands, by Will Grant pp. 190; Grant does not give the primary source for this mention of Bonaly.
- ^ "Person Page - 32644". thePeerage.com.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Person Page - 41461". thePeerage.com.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Bonaly Reservoir". Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Colinton Conservation Area Character Appraisal" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "The parish of Colinton : from an early period to the present day".
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "The account book of Sir John Foulis of Ravelston, 1671-1707".
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Pool (19th Century)". Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Hobbs, Tom (September 2006). "Bonaly Country Park Management Plan 2006-2026" (PDF). Pentland Hills Regional Park.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ ,The Call of the Pentlands, by Will Grant pp. xxx
- ^ "Edinburgh Water - History". Scottish Water.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Collaboration Projects with Defence Estates" (PDF). Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Hobbs, Tom (September 2006). "Bonaly Country Park Management Plan 2006-2026 p. 28-29" (PDF). Pentland Hills Regional Park.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|access date=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help)