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Coordinates: 10°52′N 73°43′W / 10.867°N 73.717°W / 10.867; -73.717
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| iucn_category = II
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| photo = Sierra nevada.JPG
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| photo_caption = [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]] viewed from [[Valledupar]], Colombia
| photo_caption = [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]] viewed from [[Valledupar]], Colombia
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| nearest_city = [[Santa Marta]], [[Colombia]]
| nearest_city = [[Santa Marta]], [[Colombia]]
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| area = {{convert|3830|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
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| established = 1964
| established = 1964
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| governing_body = [[National System of Protected Areas (Colombia)|SINAP]]
| governing_body = [[National System of Protected Areas (Colombia)|SINAP]]
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The '''Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park''' ({{lang-es|Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta}}) is [[Colombia]]'s second oldest [[national park]], established in 1964.<ref name="IUCN127">{{harvnb|IUCN|1982|p=127}}</ref> It is located in the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Cordillera Oriental range]], between the departments of [[La Guajira Department|La Guajira]], [[Magdalena Department|Magdalena]] and [[Cesar Department |Cesar]], in the mountain range of the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]]. It is a sanctuary as well as a tourist attraction, because it offers different climate, terrain, flora and fauna environments, ranging from [[beach]]es to snowy mountain peaks.
The '''Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park''' ({{lang-es|Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta}}) is [[Colombia]]'s second oldest [[national park]], established in 1964.<ref name="IUCN127">{{harvnb|IUCN|1982|p=127}}</ref> It is located in the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Cordillera Oriental range]], between the departments of [[La Guajira Department|La Guajira]], [[Magdalena Department|Magdalena]] and [[Cesar Department|Cesar]], in the mountain range of the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]]. It is a sanctuary as well as a tourist attraction, because it offers different climate, terrain, flora and fauna environments, ranging from [[beach]]es to snowy mountain peaks.


==General==
==General==
It belongs geographically to the [[Amazon Basin]], but it is [[Hydrography|hydrographically]] a part of the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]] basin.<ref name="Villegas381">{{harvnb|Villegas|Sesana|2007| p=381}}</ref> Roughly 1.2 million people are dependent upon the freshwater supplied by important river such as [[Cesar River|Cesar]], Don Diego, Palomino, Aracataca and Tucurinca.<ref name="Nature" /><ref name="IUCN127" /> There are currently about 30,000 [[indigenous peoples|indigenous people]] of the ethnic groups [[Koguis]], [[Arhuacos]], [[Kankuamos]] and [[Wiwa]] living in the area.<ref name="Parque Nacional" /> This park is also home to the remnants of the [[Tairona|Tairona Culture]]. In 1979 the park was designated a [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|Biosphere reserve]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web
It belongs geographically to the [[Amazon Basin]], but it is [[Hydrography|hydrographically]] a part of the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]] basin.<ref name="Villegas381">{{harvnb|Villegas|Sesana|2007| p=381}}</ref> Roughly 1.2 million people are dependent upon the freshwater supplied by important river such as [[Cesar River|Cesar]], Don Diego, Palomino, Aracataca and Tucurinca.<ref name="IUCN127" /><ref name="Nature" /> There are currently about 30,000 [[indigenous peoples|indigenous people]] of the ethnic groups [[Koguis]], [[Arhuacos]], [[Kankuamos]] and [[Wiwa]] living in the area.<ref name="Parque Nacional" /> This park is also home to the remnants of the [[Tairona|Tairona Culture]]. In 1979 the park was designated a [[Man and the Biosphere Programme|Biosphere reserve]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref name="Parque Nacional" /><ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=COL+03&mode=all
| url = http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=COL+03&mode=all
| title = Biosphere Reserve Information, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
| title = Biosphere Reserve Information, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
| publisher = [[UNESCO]]
| publisher = [[UNESCO]]
| accessdate = 11 July 2010
| accessdate = 11 July 2010
}}</ref><ref name="Parque Nacional" />
}}</ref>


==Climate==
==Climate==
It is calculated that the yearly average rainfall is 4000&nbsp;mm at elevations of {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level]].<ref name="Villegas381" /> The temperature varies between 0°C and 27°C.<ref name="Parque Nacional">{{cite web
It is calculated that the yearly average rainfall is 4000&nbsp;mm at elevations of {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level]].<ref name="Villegas381" /> The temperature varies between 0°C and 27°C.<ref name="Parque Nacional">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224
| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224
| title = Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
| title = Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Line 53: Line 53:


==Flora and fauna==
==Flora and fauna==
The tropical rainforest is made up of perennial trees, with a canopy reaching between {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}. There is a great variety and large populations of [[epiphyte]]s and [[liana]]s,<ref name="Villegas381" /> and more than 3,000 species of [[vascular plant]]s are found in the area.<ref name="Nature">{{cite web
The tropical rainforest is made up of perennial trees, with a canopy reaching between {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} to {{convert|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}. There is a great variety and large populations of [[epiphyte]]s and [[liana]]s,<ref name="Villegas381" /> and more than 3,000 species of [[vascular plant]]s are found in the area.<ref name="Nature">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/colombia/work/art5303.html
| url = http://www.nature.org/wherewework/southamerica/colombia/work/art5303.html
| title = Colombia: places we protect, Serria Nevada de Santa Marta
| title = Colombia: places we protect, Serria Nevada de Santa Marta
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}}</ref> The indigenous peoples the make an alcoholic beverage from fruits of the palm ''[[Attalea maripa]]'' found at the lower elevations.<ref name="Villegas381" />
}}</ref> The indigenous peoples the make an alcoholic beverage from fruits of the palm ''[[Attalea maripa]]'' found at the lower elevations.<ref name="Villegas381" />


Of Colombia's 340 endemic species, 44 are found in the park, for example seven species of endemic hummingbirds. Of the 3,057 endangered species, 44 are found here.<ref name="Science">{{cite web
Of Colombia's 340 endemic species, 44 are found in the park, for example seven species of endemic hummingbirds. Of the 3,057 endangered species, 44 are found here.<ref name="Science">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.012503
| url = http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=02.012503
| title = Nature and Science
| title = Nature and Science
Line 71: Line 71:


==References==
==References==
*{{citation |last=IUCN |first= |authorlink=International Union for Conservation of Nature |year=1982 |title=IUCN directory of neotropical protected areas |publisher=IUCN |isbn=9780907567622|postscript=.|language=Spanish and English|url=http://www.archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofn82iucn}}
*{{Citation |last=IUCN |first= |authorlink=International Union for Conservation of Nature |year=1982 |title=IUCN directory of neotropical protected areas |publisher=IUCN |isbn=9780907567622|postscript=.|language=Spanish and English|url=http://www.archive.org/details/iucndirectoryofn82iucn}}
*{{citation|last=Villegas|first=Benjamin|last2=Sesana|first2=Laura|year=2007 |title=Colombia Natural Parks|publisher=Villegas Asociados |isbn=9789588156873|postscript=.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HoDPr04hHCQC}}
*{{Citation|last=Villegas|first=Benjamin|last2=Sesana|first2=Laura|year=2007 |title=Colombia Natural Parks|publisher=Villegas Asociados |isbn=9789588156873|postscript=.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HoDPr04hHCQC}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224 The parks page at Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia] {{es icon}}
*[http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020224 The parks page at Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia] {{es icon}}
{{Protected areas of Colombia}}
{{Protected areas of Colombia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta National Park}}
[[Category:National parks of Colombia]]
[[Category:National parks of Colombia]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1964]]

Revision as of 07:13, 23 September 2010

Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta viewed from Valledupar, Colombia
Nearest citySanta Marta, Colombia
Coordinates10°52′N 73°43′W / 10.867°N 73.717°W / 10.867; -73.717
Area3,830 km2 (1,480 sq mi)
Established1964
Governing bodySINAP

The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) is Colombia's second oldest national park, established in 1964.[1] It is located in the Cordillera Oriental range, between the departments of La Guajira, Magdalena and Cesar, in the mountain range of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. It is a sanctuary as well as a tourist attraction, because it offers different climate, terrain, flora and fauna environments, ranging from beaches to snowy mountain peaks.

General

It belongs geographically to the Amazon Basin, but it is hydrographically a part of the Orinoco River basin.[2] Roughly 1.2 million people are dependent upon the freshwater supplied by important river such as Cesar, Don Diego, Palomino, Aracataca and Tucurinca.[1][3] There are currently about 30,000 indigenous people of the ethnic groups Koguis, Arhuacos, Kankuamos and Wiwa living in the area.[4] This park is also home to the remnants of the Tairona Culture. In 1979 the park was designated a Biosphere reserve by UNESCO.[4][5]

Climate

It is calculated that the yearly average rainfall is 4000 mm at elevations of 500 m (1,600 ft) to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above mean sea level.[2] The temperature varies between 0°C and 27°C.[4]

Flora and fauna

The tropical rainforest is made up of perennial trees, with a canopy reaching between 30 m (98 ft) to 40 m (130 ft). There is a great variety and large populations of epiphytes and lianas,[2] and more than 3,000 species of vascular plants are found in the area.[3] The indigenous peoples the make an alcoholic beverage from fruits of the palm Attalea maripa found at the lower elevations.[2]

Of Colombia's 340 endemic species, 44 are found in the park, for example seven species of endemic hummingbirds. Of the 3,057 endangered species, 44 are found here.[6] The area is home to 440 species of birds,[2] including Black-fronted Wood-quail, King Vulture, Andean Condor, Santa Marta Warbler, Santa Marta Parakeet.[6] Mammals found in the park include: tapir, cougar, jaguar, squirrel, Transandinomys talamancae, otter, and brocket deer.[6]

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b IUCN 1982, p. 127
  2. ^ a b c d e Villegas & Sesana 2007, p. 381
  3. ^ a b "Colombia: places we protect, Serria Nevada de Santa Marta". The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
  4. ^ a b c "Parque Nacional Natural Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta" (in Spanish). Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
  5. ^ "Biosphere Reserve Information, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta". UNESCO. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
  6. ^ a b c "Nature and Science". Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Retrieved 11 July 2010.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Nevada_de_Santa_Marta_National_Park&oldid=386490316"