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|accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref> The artisans based in these units, craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in [[Kerala]]. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in [[Kerala]] for manufacturing of ornaments daily.<ref name="migration" />
|accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref> The artisans based in these units, craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in [[Kerala]]. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in [[Kerala]] for manufacturing of ornaments daily.<ref name="migration" />


According to [[Reserve Bank of India]], the city in the 1930s boasted of head offices of 58 banks and was recognised by RBI as 'Banking Town'. Even now also it's the headquarters of major banks like [[South Indian Bank]], [[Catholic Syrian Bank]], [[Dhanalakshmi Bank]], [[Lord Krishna Bank]] and non-banking institutions like [[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd]], [[Kerala State Financial Enterprise]] and [[ESAF Microfinance and Investments]]. The city’s financial capabilities also saw the rise of [[Chit fund]]. According to All Kerala Kuri Foreman's Association, [[Kerala]] have around 5,000 chit companies, with [[Thrissur District]] accounting for the maximum of 3,000. These chit companies provide employment to about 35,000 persons directly and an equal number indirectly.<ref name="The Indian Express"/>
According to [[Reserve Bank of India]], the city in the 1930s boasted of head offices of 58 banks and was recognised by RBI as 'Banking Town'. Even now also it's the headquarters of major banks like [[South Indian Bank]], [[Catholic Syrian Bank]], [[Dhanalakshmi Bank]], [[Lord Krishna Bank]] and non-banking institutions like [[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd]], [[Kerala State Financial Enterprise]] and [[ESAF Microfinance and Investments]]. The city’s financial capabilities also saw the rise of [[Chit fund]]. According to All Kerala Kuri Foreman's Association, [[Kerala]] have around 5,000 chit companies, with [[Thrissur District]] accounting for the maximum of 3,000. These chit companies provide employment to about 35,000 persons directly and an equal number indirectly.


[[Image:Vadakkumnathan Temple.jpg|thumb|One of the four [[Vadakumnathan Temple]] Gates, inside the [[Swaraj Maidan]].]]
[[Image:Vadakkumnathan Temple.jpg|thumb|One of the four [[Vadakumnathan Temple]] Gates, inside the [[Swaraj Maidan]].]]

Revision as of 17:19, 2 February 2011

Thrissur
Thrissur
Trichur (Anglicised name)
Thrisivaperoor (Old name)
City
Nickname: 
Cultural Capital of Kerala
Population
 (2001)
 • Total317,474
Websitewww.corporationofthrissur.org
For the district with the same name, see Thrissur district.

Thrissur pronunciationⓘ (Malayalam: തൃശൂര്‍) previously known as Trichur, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city is situated about 290 kilometres (180 mi) north of state capital Thiruvananthapuram. It is the headquarters of the Thrissur District.[1] Thrissur city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. Thrissur is the 5th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode and Kollam by population[2] and the second-largest city corporation by area in the state.[3]

Thrissur is known as the 'Cultural Capital of Kerala' because its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings towards history.[4] It houses the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy.[5] The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.[6][7] The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May.[4] Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, Vadakkumnathan temple and Paramekkavu temple, as well as two famous churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours.[8] Thrissur is also the venue of Pulikali during Onam celebrations in August or September.

The city derives its historical importance from when Christianity, Islam and Judaism entered in to the Indian subcontinent. Thomas the Apostle set foot here 2,000 years ago. (AD 51-52)[9][10] The country’s first mosque, Cheraman Juma Masjid, opened in AD 629.[11][12][12][13][14][15] It has opened the gates for Arabs, Romans, Portuguese, Dutch and English.

The city is an incubator for every Malayali entrepreneur,[16] and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala.[17] It flexes its economic muscle in India as the headquarters of three major scheduled banks, South Indian Bank Ltd, Catholic Syrian Bank and Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd and a clutch of Chit funds.[18] The city is also a big centre for shopping in Kerala for silks and gold jewelry. Thrissur ranks first in the number of domestic tourists in Kerala.[19]

Apart from being the cultural nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the Kerala Kalamandalam, Kerala Police Academy, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala University of Medical and Allied Sciences and Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA).[20][21][22]

Etymology

The name Thrissur is derived from 'Thiru-Shiva-Perur' (Malayalam/Tamil ), which literally translates to "The City with the name of the Lord Siva". Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" and then "Kailasam" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days. Another interpretation is 'Tri-shiva-peroor' or the big land with three Shiva temples, which refers to the three places where Lord Shiva resides - namely Vadakkumnathan Temple , Peruvanam Siva Temple and Avittathur Siva Temple.[23]

Geography

Thrissur is located at 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52; 76.21 and has an average altitude of 2.83 metres. The city is located 75 km north of Kochi, 133 km west of Coimbatore and 144 km south of Kozhikode.[24] The city is located in midland regions of Kerala, with an extended part of Palakkad plains.[25] It is situated in hillock, which allows rain water to automatically drain out of the city. The city geologically is composed of Archaean gneisses and crystalline schists. Major parts of city is covered by Archaean rocks.[26] Thrissur lies near the center of the Indian tectonic plate (the Indian Plate) and is subject to comparatively little seismic oder volcanic activity.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Thrissur features a Tropical monsoon climate. Since the region lies in the south western coastal state of Kerala, the climate is tropical, with only minor differences in temperatures between day and night, as well as over the year. Summer lasts from March to May, and is followed by the South-west monsoon from June to September. October and November form the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is slightly cooler, and windy, due to winds from the Western Ghats.[27]

The city is drained in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is 2500 mm. The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On an average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 35 degree Celsius while the minimum temperature recorded is 22.5 degrees Celsius. The winter season records a maximum average of 32.3 degree Celsius and a minimum average of 20 degree Celsius.[27]

Economy

Headquarters of Dhanalakshmi Bank in Thrissur city
Main article: Economy of Thrissur

Thrissur is home to many leading Malayali entrepreneurs,[16] and is a major financial and commercial hub of South India.[17] Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran had invited several Syrian Christian families and Brahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centers in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centers of plain gold and rolled gold jewelry in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.[28][29][30] The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 200,000 people in Thrissur.[31][32] The artisans based in these units, craft nearly 85 percent of one tonne gold which is used per day in Kerala. About 90 tonnes of gold was being used annually in Kerala for manufacturing of ornaments daily.[28]

According to Reserve Bank of India, the city in the 1930s boasted of head offices of 58 banks and was recognised by RBI as 'Banking Town'. Even now also it's the headquarters of major banks like South Indian Bank, Catholic Syrian Bank, Dhanalakshmi Bank, Lord Krishna Bank and non-banking institutions like Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd, Kerala State Financial Enterprise and ESAF Microfinance and Investments. The city’s financial capabilities also saw the rise of Chit fund. According to All Kerala Kuri Foreman's Association, Kerala have around 5,000 chit companies, with Thrissur District accounting for the maximum of 3,000. These chit companies provide employment to about 35,000 persons directly and an equal number indirectly.

One of the four Vadakumnathan Temple Gates, inside the Swaraj Maidan.

The city is also emerging as the largest hub for Ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry in the India. Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug-manufacturing units in Kerala, about 150 units, including some of the major ayurvedic drug manufacturers in the Kerala state are located in and around the city. Of these, some of the companies like the Oushadhi, Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, KP Namboodiris, Sitaram Ayurvedic Pharmacy Ltd, Kandamkulathy Vaidyasala, SNA Oushadhasala etc. are among the leading ayurvedic drug manufacturers in the state.[33]Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster, anonther initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed an cluster in KINFRA Park in Koratty in Thrissur District. [34][35][36][37][38][39]

Infopark Thrissur, a new 42-acre (17 ha) campus in Koratty inaugurated in October 2009, links Thrissur to the information technology highway that has given it a miss until recently. Infopark will form a part of the planned hub and spoke model of development with Infopark in Kochi acting as the hub. Close proximity to the commercially important Kochi region has brought about a lot of economic activity. Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use Thrissur as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. Thrissur with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.[19]

Civic administration

Municipal Corporation Building, Thrissur seen from from M.O. Road

Thrissur functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations. The municipality had 12.64 sqkm area.[40][41] Prior to the constitution of the municipality, there was a Sanitary Board functioning in 1910 under a Sergeant and the Town Council after 1911.[42] In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed and in 1972, new areas from other Panchayats were added to the municipality. In 1992, the Government of Kerala and Thrissur municipality approved the new master plan for the new corporation.[40] On October 1, 2000, the Municipal town was upgraded to the level of a Municipal Corporation with the Panchayats of Ayyanthole, Koorkkenchery, Nadathara, Vilvattom (part), Ollur and Ollukkara. The Corporation comprises three legislative assemblies Thrissur, Ollur and Cherpu).[43] The city is administered by the Thrissur Municipal Corporation, headed by a mayor. Thrissur Municipal Corporation is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The city is the only local body and city in Kerala which directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the Thrissur city. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. The Corporation has its headquarters in Thrissur. The corporation is also responsible for waste disposal and sewage management.[40][44]

Image of main entrance of Vadakkunnathan Temple seen from Swaraj Round from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway

The first Master Plan for Thrissur city was sanctioned by the Government in October 1972 with a plan period of 20 years in accordance with the Town Planning Act. It was expected that the town would accommodate a population of 175,000 in 1991.[45] The sanctioned Development Plan (1972) for Thrissur envisaged a growth pattern integrating rural areas and the urban center of Thrissur so as to provide the rural areas with employment opportunities and social amenities. The Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) and Thrissur Development Authority (TDA) are the agencies that prepare the plan.[45]

Thrissur city is the headquarters of Thrissur District Police. It is headed by a Superintendent of Police, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He has the administrative jurisdiction over the entire Police District of Thrissur.[46] It comprises the traffic police, Narcotics Cell, Armed Reserve Camps, District Crime Records Bureau, Senior citizen's Cell, and a Women's Cell.[46] Thrissur is also the headquarters of Inspector General of Police, Thrissur Range, which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District, Palakkad District and Malappuram district. All the Superintendent of Police of these three districts come under his jurisdiction. Thrissur city also houses the Central Prison, Viyyur.

Politics

Main article: Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency)

Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Even as early as 1919 a committee of the Indian National Congress (INC) was functioning in Thrissur. During the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1921, several people from the Thrissur city took active part and courted arrest. Thrissur Assembly constituency is part of Thrissur (Lok Sabha constituency). The current MP is PC Chacko. Therambil Ramakrishnan is the representative of Thrissur constituency in the Kerala State Assembly.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Thrissur
Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur, is the second largest private bus station in Kerala

Road

Thrissur is connected to the Golden Quadrilateral National Highway System via the four-laned National Highway 47.[47] The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such of Kochi, Palakkad and Coimbatore. NH 47 provides two main exit points at Mannuthy and Thalore to the Thrissur city. The city is largely dependent on private buses, Taxis and auto rickshaws (called autos) for public transport. State-owned Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services. Thrissur has three bus stations, the Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur in Sakthan Thampuran Nagar (S.T.Nagar); the Vadakke Stand (Northern Bus Stand) and the Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station near the Thrissur Railway Station. State Highway (SH 69) Thrissur-Kuttippuram Road and SH 75 Thrissur - Kanjani - Vadanappally Road are the two state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities.

Railway

Thrissur Railway Station is one of the busiest railway stations in Southern India

The Southern Railway Zone of the Indian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur. There are four railway stations in Thrissur city. Thrissur Railway Station, one of the busiest stations in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busy Shoranur-Cochin Harbour section. It has a satellite station, Poonkunnam Railway Station[48] and two minor stations, Ollur Railway Station and Mulankunnathukavu Railway Station. Thrissur Railway Station also connects to the temple town of Guruvayur by Thrissur-Guruvayur Section. In addition, Southern Railways are planning a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur to Kochi and Palakkad using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services (MEMU), with the first services are expected to begin in late 2010 or early 2011 for which works are underway.[49]

Air

Thrissur city is served by Cochin International Airport (Nedumbassery), which is about 55 kilometers away. Direct domestic flights are available to major Indian cities like Chennai, New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Kolkata. International flights to Middle East cities like Bahrain, Muscat, Sharja, Jeddah, Riyadh, Doha and to Southeast Asian cities Singapore and Kuala Lumpur are available here. It has a dedicated Heli-taxi service and Chartered flights. Calicut International Airport at Karipur, is 80 kilometers from the city and Coimbatore Airport, which is 114 kilometers from the city also can be used by travelers.[50] Thrissur has a helipad at Lulu Convention Centre as per international aviation standards which is used by VVIPs.[51][52]

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[53] Thrissur city had a population of 317,474. Males constitute 48.6% and females constitute 51.4% of the total population. The density of population is 3,130/km2. The sex ratio is 1,092/1,000 male. The total number of the households in the city is 66,827. The average family size in the city is 4.27 members. The city has a slum population equivalent to 0.50% of the total city population and 0.37% of the Kerala's slum population. The city has an average literacy rate of 86.5%: male literacy rate is 87% whereas female literacy rate is 86%. Thrissur Municipal Corporation has a population of 317,474 (2001) spread over an area of 101.42 km2. The city alone accounts for 38% of the urban population in the Thrissur District. Thrissur Development Authority area encompasses the Municipal Corporation area and adjoining gram (village) Panchayats. The total area under Municipal Corporation jurisdiction is 101.42 km2, and the area under the Panchayats is 18.83 km2 Together, these constitute an area covering 120.25 km2. According to the 2001 census, the total population in the TDA is 344,933 i.e., 317,474 persons in the municipal corporation area and 27,459 persons in the Panchayat area.[54] Thrissur city alone accounts for 38% of the urban population in the Thrissur District.[54]

Culture and literature

Main article: Culture of Thrissur
Asia's highest church, the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours is situated in the middle of Thrissur city

Thrissur, often hailed as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, is built around a hillock crowned by the famous Vadakkunnathan temple, believed to have been founded by the legendary saint Parasurama. This Shiva temple is a classic example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and with beautiful murals delineating graphically, various episodes from the Mahabharata. The shrines and the Koothambalam display exquisite vignettes carved in wood. The sprawling Thekkinkadu maidan, encircling the Vadakumnathan temple, is the main venue of the Thrissur Pooram. Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple is situated in Thrissur and is one of the largest Sree Krishna temples in Kerala. Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala is one of the two rival groups participating in Thrissur Pooram festival.

Asia's highest church, the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours (Puthan Pally), Our Lady of Lourdes's Metropolitan Cathedral of Syrian Catholics is noted for its imposing interior. Its main attraction is an underground shrine which is a masterpiece of architectural design. The Sacred Heart Latin Church of Latin Catholics and the Mart Mariam Big Church, Indian headquarters of Assyrian Church of the East, are also situated at Thrissur. The district also houses the headquarters of the Malabar Independent Syrian Church in Thozhiyoor. The ancient port of Muziris or Kodungaloor is the cradle of Christianity and Islam in India. This is where St. Thomas arrived in India. Later he established the first church in India at Palayur. Kodungaloor houses the first Muslim mosque of the country built by Cheraman Perumaal, a Hindu king who accepted Islam. It is believed that Adi Shankara spent his last days here.

Vellayappams from Thrissur

The major cultural attraction is the Thrissur Pooram festival, celebrated during April and May. The Elephant - Umbrella Display competition is spectacular, as richly caparisoned elephants carrying ceremonial umbrellas take the deity around the main temple. The passionate drum concerts and the spectacular firework displays are all part of the Pooram celebration. Another attraction of this city is the "Puli Kali" ("Puli" means 'tiger' and "Kali" means 'play') on the fourth day of Onam celebrations (Nalaam Onam). It is a procession of different clubs from all over the city. Participants with tiger-striped body paint captivate the onlookers with their energetic dances. The festival attracts thousands to the city. Thrissur is widely acclaimed as the land of elephant lovers.

Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Thrissur and Kerala Lalithakala Akademi are headquartered at Thrissur. Kerala Sahitya Akademi was established to promote the growth of Malayalam language and literature. Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi promotes dance, music, drama and folk arts of Kerala. Kerala Lalitakala Akademi was established to promote fine arts and artistic heritage. For the last few years, the city has been hosting the Thrissur International Film Festival, which is also the second largest film festival in Kerala. Around 100 films from 35 countries are shown.

Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy

Thrissur can easily be called the cradle of Indian Communism. Famous thinkers such as Joseph Mundassery, C. Achuthamenon and many others were from this city. Current Books and House of Knowledge were two prominent bookstores in the 1950s to 80s of Thrissur history. A land of famous writers, artists, musicians and journalists as well, Thrissur boasts of having benefited from the best of men and women. All belonging to Thrissur, Ouseppachan, Johnson, Mohan Sitara, Alphonse are well-known film musicians and Bharathan, Kamal, Lohithadas, Lal Jose, Sathyan Anthikkad, Bharath Premji are noted film directors. .

Thrissur is also the birth place of Kerala's Indian Coffee House movement. The first ICH of the state was opened in Thrissur in 1959 with Advocate T.K. Krishnan and Nadakkal Parameswaran Pillai as founders. The laid-back business culture of Thrissur is well known amongst the rest of Kerala. Known for their quick-witted repartee and accents, the Thrissurians still maintain a daily working schedule of 10 am - 7 pm. Thekkinkadu Maidan is full of card players and evening political debates take place here every day.

Bildung

Main article: Education in Thrissur
The main entrance of Government Engineering College, Thrissur

Already known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, it is also fast developing as an education hub of Kerala.[55][56]The city has traditionally been a centre of learning from ancient times. With the decline of Buddhism and Jainism and due to the growing supremacy of Brahminism during the revival of Hinduism, the city became an important centre of Sanskrit learning.[57][58]Schools in Thrissur city are either run publicly by the Kerala Government or privately, some with financial aid from the government. The medium of education is either English or Malayalam, with the former being the majority. Most schools are affiliated with the Kerala State Education Board or Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) or the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) or the Montessori system.[59][60]There are 93 lower primary shcools; 34 upper primary schools; [61][62]and 78 high schools;[63]and 157[64]higher secondary schools in the city.

Entrance of Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA)

With universities like Kerala Kalamandalam, Kerala Police Academy, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala University of Medical and Allied Sciences and Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA), the city would add another feather in its crown by having 'World Class University' and a 'Science City'.[65][66][67]With the four medical colleges, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences and Kerala University of Medical and Allied Sciences, the city has become synonymous with medical education in Kerala. Colleges for engineering, law, veterinary, ayurveda, science, arts and commerce degrees are typically affiliated with the University of Calicut like IES College of Engineering, Government Engineering College, Thrissur, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, St. Thomas College, Thrissur, Sree Kerala Varma College, Sri C. Achutha Menon Government College, St. Aloysius College, Thrissur, Kerala Veterinary College, Mannuthy, Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College, Government Law College, Thrissur, College of Fine Arts, Thrissur and College of Horticulture.[57]

The city also has emerged as the prime centre in South India for students seeking entry into the professional courses.[57][68] As many as 17,000 students, mostly from parts of Kerala and some from outside, are undergoing coaching at the P.C. Thomas Centre ran by Professor P C Thomas; and the presence of such a huge number of migrant students has almost reshaped the economic structure of the city and brought good times to traders, hotels and transport and entertainment industries.[68] Thomas single-handedly runs and has been running for years the largest coaching center for the engineering and medical entrance exams in Kerala.

Gesundheitswesen

Main article: Hospitals in Thrissur
Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute.

Thrissur serves as a centre for healthcare in the Central Kerala. This portion covers Thrissur, Palakkad, Malappuram and northern part of Ernakulam. Most of the people in these districts come to Thrissur city for their medical care. With three medical colleges, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, and another dozen of hi-tech hospitals, it has a lot to offer to the healthcare system of Central Kerala.

Thrissur has many century old tradition in Ayurvedic treatment. From the Ashtavaidya tradition, Thaikkattu Mooss Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, SNA Oushadhasala, Vaidyamadhaom Vaidyasala etc. are located in Thrissur,[39] and Amala Ayurvedic Hospital & Research Centre. All these firms have been instrumental in spreading the fame of Kerala Ayurveda, especially in the treatment side as thousands of overseas patients visit the Ayurvedic treatment facilities in and around Thrissur, every year. Vaidyaratnam runs a medical college and chikitsalayam, with global standards. So Sitaram and SNA Oushadhasala. Sitaram have a 100 bedded eight storied super specialty hospital in the Thrissur, envisaged as the first of its kind Ayurveda super specialty hospital in the country. SNA Oushadhasala is also planning a 100-bedded modern Ayurvedic hospital with modern cottages near the present SNA Nursing Home. Besides, SNA is also planning to set up a modernized exclusive Ayurvedic manuscript library.[39]

  • Malayalam actor Mohanlal in the film Thoovanathumbikal has done a Thrissur-born character (Jayakrishnan) by speaking with an excellent Thrissur accent. The film was shot in Thrissur city. The character played by Mohanlal was based on a citizen of Thrissur, Karakkath Unni Menon, and his friends like Vijayan Karot.[69]
  • In Sarah Joseph's novel, Othappu, the story is told in Thrissur city, where Sister Margalitha and priest Karikkan becomes social outcasts after both leave their profession.[70]
  • Malayalam actor Mammootty plays the role of Thrissur-based rice vendor merchant in Pranchiyettan and The Saint. The film is based on Thrissur's rice market, Rice Bazzar.[71][72]

Sports

Football is the most popular sport in Thrissur city. The N.I. David Memorial Trophy, an annual inter-club football tournament is held at Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium. The football championship was started in 1996 by the then Superintendent of Police, Thrissur.[73][74][75][76][77]The city has a floodlit stadium, known as Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium.[78] There are three more stadiums (Thope, Kerala Varma College and Agricultural University). It also has two indoor stadiums (V.K.N. Menon Indoor Stadium and Thope Stadium) and a Sports Authority of India (SAI) maintained swimming pool with international facilities. The veteran footballers and former Indian captains C. V. Pappachan, I. M. Vijayan and Jo Paul Ancheri hail from this city. Thrissur has contributed many national and international bodybuilding stars to India, such as TV Poly and VM Basheer.[78]

Media

Malayalam daily newspaper Mathrubhumi's Thrissur office

The first newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came Deenabandhu edited bt V K Krishnan. Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As soon as the Quit India movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications were banned.[79] The third newspaper in Thrissur was launched by Joseph Mundassery as its editor. The paper did not survive for long. The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is very popular in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views.[79] Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deepika, Kerala Kaumudi and Deshabhimani. A number of evening papers,(for example, General), are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available.

The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by KW Joseph in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established (in Thrissur again) by Jose Kattukkaran and was called the "Jose Electrical Bioscope".[80] Jose Theater, the first theater in Kerala equipped with a movie projector, is in this city. Ragam, Ramdas, Girija, Kairali, Sree, Jose, Swapna and Bindhu are the theaters which show Malayalam, Tamil, English and Hindi movies in the city.

A film festival, known as ViBGYOR Film Festival, is held in the city every year. It is an international short and documentary film festival. Telephony services are provided by various players like Aircel, Airtel, Idea cellular, Vodafone, Reliance Infocomm, Tata Docomo, MTS, Uninor, Tata Indicom and the state owned BSNL. BSNL is also offering 3G services in Thrissur which will enhance services such as multimedia, high speed mobile broadband, Internet access with the ability to view video footage on mobile handsets.[81] The city also have Broadband wireless services on WiMAX platform.[82][83] Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are Club FM 104.3 by (Mathrubhumi Co Ltd), Radio Mango 91.9 by (Malayala Manorama Ltd), BEST FM 95 by (Asianet Communications Limited), Red FM 93.5 by (Sun TV Network). The transmitter of the All India Radio (630 kHz) was commissioned on November 4, 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.[84][85] Thrissur has a Doordarshan studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio.[86][87][88]

Neighboring cities & towns

References

  1. ^ "Districts Profile". Thrissur District. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  2. ^ "Principal Cities". City Population. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  3. ^ "Details of Municipalities". Kerala Govt. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  4. ^ a b "Thrissur". Thrissur Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
  5. ^ "Literary and cultural societies". Kerala Government. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  6. ^ "Thrissur Pooram". Kerala Government. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  7. ^ "Tourism". Thrissur Corporation. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  8. ^ "Pilgrimage". Thrissur Corporation. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  9. ^ T.K. Joseph (1955). Six St. Thomases Of South India. University of California. p. 27.
  10. ^ "Nasrani Syrian Christians". Kuzhippallil.com. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
  11. ^ "Catholic Syrian: God's Own Bank". Forbes India. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  12. ^ a b "World's second oldest mosque is in India". Bahrain tribune. Archived from the original on 2006-07-06. Retrieved 2006-08-09.
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Further reading

  • C A Krishnan (2009), Anchuvilakku (Malayalam : അഞ്ചുവിളക്ക്). Green Books, Thrissur. ISBN 978-81-8423-128-1
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