1998 Gujarat cyclone: Difference between revisions
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==Impact and aftermath== |
==Impact and aftermath== |
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[[File:Lowpowerstormbeforelandfall.jpg|thumb|right|Radar image of the cyclonic storm]] |
[[File:Lowpowerstormbeforelandfall.jpg|thumb|right|Radar image of the cyclonic storm]] |
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Tropical Cyclone 03A brought a large storm surge of 4.9 m (16 ft) which devastated coastal communities and salt mines.<ref name="GPJune Summary"/> An estimated 10,000 people were killed by the storm,<ref name="Munich Re Group">{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=Munich Re|title=1998 Natural Catastrophes: Top 10|url=http://www.munichre.com/en/press/press_releases/1998/1998_12_29_press_release.aspx|date=December 29, 1998|accessdate=February 9, 2009}}</ref> many of whom were salt mine workers who did not own a radio and received little or no warning of the cyclone. The large loss of life was partially attributed to contractors who wanted to continue making profits and did not inform their workers of the approaching storm.<ref name="GPJune Summary"/> Also, the region had witnessed only 17 cyclones since 1890, all of which were weaker than 03A. As a result, its vulnerability was miscalculated by the local population and the disaster management administration.<ref>{{cite book |title=Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction |last=Zschau|first=Jochen |authorlink= |coauthors=Andreas N. Küppers |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |location=|isbn= |
Tropical Cyclone 03A brought a large storm surge of 4.9 m (16 ft) which devastated coastal communities and salt mines.<ref name="GPJune Summary"/> An estimated 10,000 people were killed by the storm,<ref name="Munich Re Group">{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=Munich Re|title=1998 Natural Catastrophes: Top 10|url=http://www.munichre.com/en/press/press_releases/1998/1998_12_29_press_release.aspx|date=December 29, 1998|accessdate=February 9, 2009}}</ref> many of whom were salt mine workers who did not own a radio and received little or no warning of the cyclone. The large loss of life was partially attributed to contractors who wanted to continue making profits and did not inform their workers of the approaching storm.<ref name="GPJune Summary"/> Also, the region had witnessed only 17 cyclones since 1890, all of which were weaker than 03A. As a result, its vulnerability was miscalculated by the local population and the disaster management administration.<ref>{{cite book |title=Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction |last=Zschau|first=Jochen |authorlink= |coauthors=Andreas N. Küppers |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |location=|isbn=3-540-67962-6|page=200}}</ref> Power supply to numerous residences was lost due to the storms high winds.<ref name="OCHA03A one">{{cite web|author=Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=United Nations|date=June 10, 1998|accessdate=February 9, 2009|url=http://cidi.org/disaster/98a/0107.html|title=India: Cyclone Situation Report No. 1}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> A microwave tower in Porbandar collapsed, causing widespread disruption in telecommunication.<ref name="OCHA03A two">{{cite web|author=Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=United Nations|date=June 11, 1998|accessdate=February 9, 2009|url=http://cidi.org/disaster/98a/0110.html|title=India: Cyclone Situation Report No. 2}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Hundreds of other power transmission towers also fell, causing an estimated loss of Rs 10 billion for the Gujarat Electricity Board.<ref name="Insurance">{{cite web| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980704/18550084.html|title=Insurance companies lose Rs 1,300 crore in Gujarat cyclone|work= Indian Express |publisher=|date=July 3, 1998|accessdate=May 22, 2009|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5h6qHxwcb|archivedate=2009-05-28|deadurl=no}}</ref> At least 893 people were injured by the storm and over 11,000 animals were killed. Over 162,000 structures were damaged or destroyed throughout the affected area and damages amounted to [[Indian rupee|Rs.]] 120 billion ([[United States Dollar|US$]]3 billion).<ref name="OCHA03A four">{{cite web|author=Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=United Nations|date=June 19, 1998|accessdate=February 9, 2009|url=http://cidi.org/disaster/98a/0119.html|title=India: Cyclone Situation Report No. 4}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |
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Over the next one month, insurance companies had lost approximately Rs. 13 billion (US$266.5 million).<ref name="Insurance"/> The remnants of the storm produced heavy rains over [[Pakistan]] which electrocuted 12 people.<ref name="GPJune Summary"/> In the wake of the storm, the [[United States Government]] provided US$25,000 for rehabilitation of the affected population.<ref name="OCHA03A four"/> The [[Government of Denmark]] also contributed $72,992 in funds for relief efforts.<ref>{{cite web|author=Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=March 3, 1999|accessdate=May 8, 2009|title=India — Cyclone — June 1998 Contributions Report|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/arfts/nd1998/ind981.htm}}</ref> The Gujarat government deployed approximately 330 medical teams to the affected areas. Local aid, amounting to {{nowrap|Rs 1 billion}} (US$20.5 million) was provided to assist victims. |
Over the next one month, insurance companies had lost approximately Rs. 13 billion (US$266.5 million).<ref name="Insurance"/> The remnants of the storm produced heavy rains over [[Pakistan]] which electrocuted 12 people.<ref name="GPJune Summary"/> In the wake of the storm, the [[United States Government]] provided US$25,000 for rehabilitation of the affected population.<ref name="OCHA03A four"/> The [[Government of Denmark]] also contributed $72,992 in funds for relief efforts.<ref>{{cite web|author=Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=March 3, 1999|accessdate=May 8, 2009|title=India — Cyclone — June 1998 Contributions Report|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/arfts/nd1998/ind981.htm}}</ref> The Gujarat government deployed approximately 330 medical teams to the affected areas. Local aid, amounting to {{nowrap|Rs 1 billion}} (US$20.5 million) was provided to assist victims. |
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Revision as of 02:09, 20 February 2011
| Extremely severe cyclonic storm (IMD scale) | |
|---|---|
| Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
 Cyclone at peak intensity before lanfall in Sind-Gujarat border | |
| Formed | June 4, 1998 |
| Dissipated | June 10, 1998 |
| Highest winds | 3-minute sustained: 165 km/h (105 mph) 1-minute sustained: 195 km/h (120 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 958 hPa (mbar); 28.29 inHg |
| Fatalities | At least 10,000 |
| Damage | $3 billion (1998 USD) |
| Areas affected | India and Pakistan |
| Part of the 1998 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | |
The 1998 Gujarat cyclone (Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation: 03A; India Meteorological Department designation: ARB 02) was a deadly tropical cyclone that killed at least 10,000 people in India.
Meteorological history
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionOn June 1, an area of low pressure developed over the Laccadive Islands. Two days later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as it became better organized. Early on June 4, the JTWC issued its first advisory on Tropical Cyclone 03A.[1] Around the same time, the IMD began monitoring the system as Depression ARB 02. Shortly after, the depression was upgraded to a deep depression and further strengthened into a cyclonic storm the following day.[2] The small storm moved slowly towards the west and weakened as wind shear began to increase. The storm weakened below tropical storm intensity later that day and the initial final advisory was issued. However, the system redeveloped and advisories resumed the next day. The storm gradually intensified as it moved towards the northwest.[3]
Dvorak satellite intensity estimates on June 6 reached T4.0, corresponding to an intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph).[3] The IMD also marked the increase in intensity, upgrading ARB 02 to a severe cyclonic storm.[2] Around this time, the storm began to turn towards the north and accelerate due to an approaching mid-level trough. As the storm neared the Indian coastline, an eye developed and the storm strengthened into the equivalent of a major hurricane with winds reaching 185 km/h (115 mph).[1] The IMD assessed the storm to be a very severe cyclonic storm at this time, with winds up to 165 km/h (105 mph) and a barometric pressure of 958 mbar (hPa).[2] After slightly weakening early on June 9,[3] 03A re-strengthened, attaining its peak intensity with winds of 195 km/h (120 mph).[1] Then it made landfall near Porbandar in the Indian state of Gujarat[3] between 0100 and 0200 UTC.[2] The storm weakened following landfall and the JTWC issued their final advisory later that day.[1] The IMD continued to monitor ARB 02 until June 10, by which time it had weakened to a depression before dissipating.[2]
Impact and aftermath
Tropical Cyclone 03A brought a large storm surge of 4.9 m (16 ft) which devastated coastal communities and salt mines.[3] An estimated 10,000 people were killed by the storm,[4] many of whom were salt mine workers who did not own a radio and received little or no warning of the cyclone. The large loss of life was partially attributed to contractors who wanted to continue making profits and did not inform their workers of the approaching storm.[3] Also, the region had witnessed only 17 cyclones since 1890, all of which were weaker than 03A. As a result, its vulnerability was miscalculated by the local population and the disaster management administration.[5] Power supply to numerous residences was lost due to the storms high winds.[6] A microwave tower in Porbandar collapsed, causing widespread disruption in telecommunication.[7] Hundreds of other power transmission towers also fell, causing an estimated loss of Rs 10 billion for the Gujarat Electricity Board.[8] At least 893 people were injured by the storm and over 11,000 animals were killed. Over 162,000 structures were damaged or destroyed throughout the affected area and damages amounted to Rs. 120 billion (US$3 billion).[9]
Over the next one month, insurance companies had lost approximately Rs. 13 billion (US$266.5 million).[8] The remnants of the storm produced heavy rains over Pakistan which electrocuted 12 people.[3] In the wake of the storm, the United States Government provided US$25,000 for rehabilitation of the affected population.[9] The Government of Denmark also contributed $72,992 in funds for relief efforts.[10] The Gujarat government deployed approximately 330 medical teams to the affected areas. Local aid, amounting to Rs 1 billion (US$20.5 million) was provided to assist victims.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1999). "Tropical Cyclone 03A Preliminary Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e "IMD Best Tracks Data ( 1990 - 2008 )". India Meteorological Department. 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gary Padgett (July 14, 1998). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for June 1998". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ Staff Writer (December 29, 1998). "1998 Natural Catastrophes: Top 10". Munich Re. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ Zschau, Jochen (2003). Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction. Springer. p. 200. ISBN 3-540-67962-6.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 10, 1998). "India: Cyclone Situation Report No. 1". United Nations. Retrieved February 9, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 11, 1998). "India: Cyclone Situation Report No. 2". United Nations. Retrieved February 9, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Insurance companies lose Rs 1,300 crore in Gujarat cyclone". Indian Express. July 3, 1998. Archived from the original on 2009-05-28. Retrieved May 22, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 19, 1998). "India: Cyclone Situation Report No. 4". United Nations. Retrieved February 9, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (March 3, 1999). "India — Cyclone — June 1998 Contributions Report". ReliefWeb. Retrieved May 8, 2009.