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'''Kiro Gligorov''' ({{lang-mk|Киро Глигоров}}, {{IPA-mk|ˈkirɔ ˈɡliɡɔrɔf|pron|Mk-Kiro Gligorov.ogg}}), 3 May 1917{{ndash}} 1 January 2012<ref>[http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/01/02/2893038/former-macedonian-president-kiro.html Former Macedonian president Kiro Gligorov dies], charlotteobserver.com, 2 January 2012</ref>) was the first [[President of the Republic of Macedonia]], serving from 1991 to 1999. He held various high positions in the political establishment of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], including a secretary of State for finance in the Federal executive Council, a member of the Yugoslav Presidency as well as President of the Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from May 15, 1974 to May 15, 1978.<ref name="multiple"/>
'''Kiro Gligorov''' ({{lang-mk|Киро Глигоров}}, {{IPA-mk|ˈkirɔ ˈɡliɡɔrɔf|pron|Mk-Kiro Gligorov.ogg}}), 3 May 1917{{ndash}} 1 January 2012<ref>[http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/01/02/2893038/former-macedonian-president-kiro.html Former Macedonian president Kiro Gligorov dies], charlotteobserver.com, 2 January 2012</ref>) was the first [[President of the Republic of Macedonia]], serving from 1991 to 1999. He held various high positions in the political establishment of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], including a secretary of State for finance in the Federal executive Council, a member of the Yugoslav Presidency as well as President of the Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from May 15, 1974 to May 15, 1978.<ref name="multiple"/>

== Early life==
Born in [[Štip]], [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (then [[Bulgaria during World War I|under Bulgarian control]]),<ref>[http://books.google.bg/books?id=EHI3PCjDtsUC&pg=PA150&dq=southern+serbia+annexed+bulgaria+during+first+world+war&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Is4BT_fAEomP8gOakqSoAQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The European powers in the First World War: an encyclopedia, Spencer Tucker, Laura Matysek Wood, Taylor & Francis, 1996, ISBN 0815303998, p. 150.]</ref> Gligorov later graduated from the [[University of Belgrade]]'s [[University of Belgrade Faculty of Law|Law School]]<ref name="multiple"/> and was a participant in the [[National Liberation War of Macedonia|National Liberation War of the ethnic Macedonians]] from 1941.<ref name="multiple"/> He was a participant in the formation of the state of [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]]<ref>[http://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=2&tabid=1&EditionID=210&ArticleID=8304 The list of ASNOM participants, "Nova Makedonija" daily newspaper, issue 20254, August 3, 2004] {{dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref> as a secretary of the Initiative committee<ref>[http://217.16.70.245/?pbroj=1497&pr=15&stID=16880 Interview, "Utrinski vesnik" daily newspaper, issue 1497, August 31, 2006 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia]</ref> for the organization of the [[Antifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia]] ([[ASNOM]]) and a finance commissioner in the Presidium of ASNOM.

After the promotion of [[parliamentary democracy]] in the country in 1990, he became the first democratically elected president of the [[Socialist Republic of Macedonia]] on January 27, 1991. On April 16, 1991 the parliament adopted the [[constitutional amendment]] for removing the "[[Socialist Republic|Socialist]]" adjective from the official name of the country, and on June 7 the same year, the new name [[Republic of Macedonia]] was officially established, hence Gligorov continued his presidency as the [[President of the Republic of Macedonia]].<ref name="namechange"/>

He served for two terms, from January 27, 1991 to November 19, 1999. He was re-elected for his second term in office on November 19, 1994. He led his country to independence proclaimed after the referendum held on September 8, 1991 and tried to keep it out of the [[Yugoslav wars]], a task made difficult by disputes with the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], [[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Greece]] who all faced separate issues with the country.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

=== Assassination attempt ===
On October 3, 1995, Gligorov was the target of a [[car bomb]] [[assassination]] attempt in [[Skopje]]. While on route from his residence to his office, the vehicle carrying Gligorov was blown up by an explosion from a parked vehicle, killing his driver and injuring several passers-by. Gligorov was seriously injured above his right eye and was immediately conveyed to the hospital.<ref>[http://www.osservatoriobalcani.org/article/articleview/8223/1/216/ Home - Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso]</ref>

Since the incident there have been no suspects brought to book and no progress has been made in the investigation of the case. However, there have been short-lived speculations as to who could be the culprits. Shortly after bombing, the Minister of Internal Affairs [[Ljubomir Frčkovski]] publicly claimed that "a powerful multinational company from a neighbouring country" was behind the assassination attempt,<ref name=mrt>{{cite web |url=http://www.mrt.com.mk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1224&Itemid=26 |title=11th anniversary of assassination attempt on Gligorov, perpetrators unknown |date=2006-10-03 |accessdate=2006-10-22 |publisher=MRT}}</ref> with the Macedonian media pointing at the Bulgarian [[Multigroup]] and the Yugoslav [[Kontraobaveštajna služba|KOS]] as possible suspects.<ref name=mrt/> During a meeting between Multigroup head [[Iliya Pavlov]] and Gligorov in [[Ohrid]], Pavlov assured Gligorov that his organisation was not involved.<ref name=mrt/> All investigations were futile.<ref name=mrt/>

Gligorov was incapacitated until November 17, 1995. He was permanently blind in one eye as a result. [[Stojan Andov]] was acting president during Gligorov's recuperation.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

The election for Gligorov's successor took place only a few days before the end of his term.


==Death==
==Death==

Revision as of 17:49, 27 January 2012

Kiro Gligorov
Киро Глигоров
President of Macedonia
In office
January 27, 1991[1][2] – November 19, 1999
Preceded byVladimir Mitkov (as President of SR Macedonia)
Succeeded byBoris Trajkovski
Personal details
Born(1917-05-03)May 3, 1917
Štip, Kingdom of Serbia (then controlled by Kingdom of Bulgaria)
DiedJanuary 1, 2012(2012-01-01) (aged 94)
Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
NationalityMacedonian
Political partyIndependent

Kiro Gligorov (Macedonian: Киро Глигоров, pronounced [ˈkirɔ ˈɡliɡɔrɔf] ⓘ), 3 May 1917– 1 January 2012[3]) was the first President of the Republic of Macedonia, serving from 1991 to 1999. He held various high positions in the political establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including a secretary of State for finance in the Federal executive Council, a member of the Yugoslav Presidency as well as President of the Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from May 15, 1974 to May 15, 1978.[2]

Early life

Born in Štip, Kingdom of Serbia (then under Bulgarian control),[4] Gligorov later graduated from the University of Belgrade's Law School[2] and was a participant in the National Liberation War of the ethnic Macedonians from 1941.[2] He was a participant in the formation of the state of Socialist Republic of Macedonia[5] as a secretary of the Initiative committee[6] for the organization of the Antifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) and a finance commissioner in the Presidium of ASNOM.

After the promotion of parliamentary democracy in the country in 1990, he became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on January 27, 1991. On April 16, 1991 the parliament adopted the constitutional amendment for removing the "Socialist" adjective from the official name of the country, and on June 7 the same year, the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established, hence Gligorov continued his presidency as the President of the Republic of Macedonia.[1]

He served for two terms, from January 27, 1991 to November 19, 1999. He was re-elected for his second term in office on November 19, 1994. He led his country to independence proclaimed after the referendum held on September 8, 1991 and tried to keep it out of the Yugoslav wars, a task made difficult by disputes with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria and Greece who all faced separate issues with the country.[citation needed]

Assassination attempt

On October 3, 1995, Gligorov was the target of a car bomb assassination attempt in Skopje. While on route from his residence to his office, the vehicle carrying Gligorov was blown up by an explosion from a parked vehicle, killing his driver and injuring several passers-by. Gligorov was seriously injured above his right eye and was immediately conveyed to the hospital.[7]

Since the incident there have been no suspects brought to book and no progress has been made in the investigation of the case. However, there have been short-lived speculations as to who could be the culprits. Shortly after bombing, the Minister of Internal Affairs Ljubomir Frčkovski publicly claimed that "a powerful multinational company from a neighbouring country" was behind the assassination attempt,[8] with the Macedonian media pointing at the Bulgarian Multigroup and the Yugoslav KOS as possible suspects.[8] During a meeting between Multigroup head Iliya Pavlov and Gligorov in Ohrid, Pavlov assured Gligorov that his organisation was not involved.[8] All investigations were futile.[8]

Gligorov was incapacitated until November 17, 1995. He was permanently blind in one eye as a result. Stojan Andov was acting president during Gligorov's recuperation.[citation needed]

The election for Gligorov's successor took place only a few days before the end of his term.

Death

Gligorov died on January 1, 2012 in his sleep. He had asked that his funeral be kept private with only his closest family in attendance.[2] He was buried in Butel Municipality, Skopje.[9]

Kiro was the father of Vladimir Gligorov, a refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.

References

  1. ^ a b Gligorov became president on January 27, 1991, when the official name of the country was still Socialist Republic of Macedonia -On This Day - Macedonian Information Agency, see: 1991: The official change of the state's name Template:Mk icon [dead link]
  2. ^ a b c d e Biography of Kiro Gligorov at the Official website of the President of the Republic of Macedonia [dead link]
  3. ^ Former Macedonian president Kiro Gligorov dies, charlotteobserver.com, 2 January 2012
  4. ^ The European powers in the First World War: an encyclopedia, Spencer Tucker, Laura Matysek Wood, Taylor & Francis, 1996, ISBN 0815303998, p. 150.
  5. ^ The list of ASNOM participants, "Nova Makedonija" daily newspaper, issue 20254, August 3, 2004 [dead link]
  6. ^ Interview, "Utrinski vesnik" daily newspaper, issue 1497, August 31, 2006 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
  7. ^ Home - Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso
  8. ^ a b c d "11th anniversary of assassination attempt on Gligorov, perpetrators unknown". MRT. 2006-10-03. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
  9. ^ "Погребан претседателот Глигоров" (in Macedonian). 3 January, 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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Political offices
Preceded by President of the SR Macedonia
1991 		Succeeded by
Post abolished
(himself as President of the Republic of Macedonia)
Preceded by
post created
(himself as President of the SR Macedonia)
 President of the Republic of Macedonia
1991–1999 		Succeeded by

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